(An) Analysis of the Debate on the Revival of the Veteran’s Extra Point System from the Gender Perspective and its Challenge to the Women's Movement in South Korea

장유미 경희대학교 평화복지대학원 2012 국내석사

The revival of the “Veterans’ Extra Point System”(VEPS), which is a policy which automatically gives extra points to military veterans who take a civil service examination, so as to facilitate their social adaptation in reintegrating into civilian life, is still a controversial issue in South Korea although it was previously abolished by a decision of the Constitutional Court over thirteen years ago. The women’s rights movement in South Korea was the first to raise issue with the VEPS and launched a movement against it which was particularly active throughout the 1990s and helped lead to the 1999 judgment resulting in its abolition by the Constitutional Court of Koreaon the grounds that the system had brought about the result of keeping women and the differently abled from entering employment in the public sector. In reaction to attempts to revive the VEPS system by both the National Assembly and the presidential administrations from 2005, the women’s movement has taken consistent actions to block the revival of the system. However, the women’s movement has become unintentionally trapped in a genderconfrontation structure,which has dominated the controversy over the VEPS since itrestarted, immediately after the judgment to abolish the system in 1999. This ongoing controversy concerning the VEPShas resulted from an antipathy towards womenas a group due to the influence of deep-rooted militarism in the daily lives of South Koreans.The militarism is in line with the patriarchal social system in South Korea. The problem is that the gender confrontation structure of this issue has hindered the relevant debaters from finding a solution to resolve conflicts surroundingits revival and has also inhibited going a further step to develop an in-depth discussion about not only the role of the military and how the conscription system is based on gender hierarchy and discrimination, but finally how to build a lasting peace on the Korean peninsula. In this respect, this study purposes to examine actions of the women’s movement against the VEPS to date and to reveal a limitation that the women’s movement has encountered. According to this examination, the actions of the women’s movement based on gender difference have been effective in terms of disclosing the aspects of gender inequality surrounding the VEPS. But this debate has exposed a limitation of the approach in that it does not thoroughly consider multiple differences within groups of women and of men as individual people with diverse identities; including gender identification, class, disability, and sexual orientation. Women are not a homogeneous group and neither are men. There are different types of discrimination and inequality caused by discrimination against people with various differences of gender, class, disability, and sexual orientation. These are also entangled in the issue of the Veteran’s Extra Point System. Thus, I argue that the women’s movement resistance to the revival of the VEPS needs to consider the multiple differences within groups of women and men and by doing so reveal the complex power structure which is reproducing exclusion and discrimination. This power structure has been hardly properly visualized in the distorted gender defined confrontation structure of the controversy over the revival of the VEPS. In this process, it is suggested that the women’s movement should act jointly with other groups of marginalized minorities to expand dimensions of solidarity against complex social unequal structures, which include the issue of gender discrimination. A productive debate on appropriate and substantial compensation measures for veterans, as an alternative to the VEPS, will be possible to open at that time. Keywords: the veteran’s extra point system, the women’s movement, the gender confrontation structure, gender hierarchy, militarism, sexism, gender difference, multiple differences 국문초록 챔더 관점에서 본 군가산점제 부활 논쟁 분석과 한국 여성운동의 도전 경희대학교 평화복지대학원 국제평화전공 장유미 제대군인이 꽁무원 시험을 치를 시 가산점을 부여하는 제대군인가산정제 도(이하 군가산점제)의 부활 문제는 본 제도가 헌법재판소 결정으로 폐지된 지 13 년이나 지났음에도 불구하고 한국에서 여천히 논쟁적인 이슈이다. 한국 여 성운동계는 군가산점제가 여성과 장애언의 공직 진출을 저해하는 컬과를 낳는 것애 문제를 제기하고 본 제도를 반대하는 운동을 벌여 1999 년 마침내 헌법재 판소가 군가산점제 폐지 결정을 내리는 데 기여했다 2005년부터는 국회와 행 정부 내에서 군가산점제를 부활시키려는 움직엄이 있자 여성운동계는 본 제도 의 부활을 저지하기 위한 행동을 취해왔다. 그러나 1999 년 제도 폐지가 결정 된 이후 이미 보여진 바와 같이, 군가산점제 논쟁에서 여성운통은 의도치 않게 성대결 구도에 갇혀 왔다. 이는 한국의 가부장제와 함께 일상 생활에 깊게 뿌 리내련 군사주의의 영향으로 인한 여성 집단에 대한 혐오가 단적으로 표현된 사례이다. 문제는 이러한 성대결 구도가 군가산점제 부활을 둘러싼 갈등을 풀 어나갈 해결책을 찾는 것을 어렵게 하고 있다는 정이다. 나아가 젠더 위계와 차별에 기반한 군대와 정병제도, 분단된 한반도에서의 평화 구축 등에 대한 심 도 깊은 논의를 발전시켜 나가는 것을 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구는 군가산점제에 반대해 여성운동계 가 취한 행동과 그 한계를 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과에 따르면, 남성과 여성의 차이, 즉 성차에 기반을 둔 운동 전략은 군가산점제를 둘러싼성 불평등한 측면을 드러내는 데 기여했으나 여성 집단과 남성 집단 내의 다 양한 차이를 고려하지 못하는 한계를 보였다. 한 개인은 성별, 계급, 장애, 성 적 지향 등에 따른 다양한 정체성을 갖는다. 여성들은 동질적언 집단이 아니며, 남생들 또한 마찬가지다. 군가산점제에는 성별, 계급, 장애, 성적 지향 등 사람 들 사이의 다양한 차이들로 인해 발생하는 서로 다른 유형의 차별과 불평등의 문제가 얽혀 었다. 따라서 여성운동계는 군가산첨제 부활에 반대하는 과정에서 여성 집단과 남성 집단 내의 복수적 차이들을 고려할 펼요가 있다. 이는 군가산점제 부활 논쟁의 성대결 구도에서 가리어진 문제, 즉 배제와 차별을 재생산하는 복합적 권력 구조를 드러낼 수 있다. 또한 이 과정에서 다른 소수자 그룹과 능동적으 로 연대하는 것이 필요하다. 이는 성 볼평등을 포함해 사회의 복합적인 볼평등 구조에 대항한 연대의 범위를 확장시킬 것이다. 그 과정에서 군가산점제에 대 한 대안으로 제대군언을 위한 질질적 보상 방안에 대한 생산적인 논의의 장을 열 수 있을 것이다.

꿈의 해학적 표현에 관한 연구

장유미 서울여자대학교 1993 국내석사

비만 연계 대장암 마우스 모델에서 성 별 대장 유전자 발현 및 장내 미생물 조성 차이 규명

장유미 숙명여자대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

대장암 발생 위험은 성별, 인종, 식습관, 비만 등의 다양한 요인과 관련되어 있으며, 비만과 대장암의 상관성은 여성에 비해 남성에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 비만으로 인한 만성 염증, 장내 미생물 불균형, 아디포카인 농도 변화 등이 비만 연계 대장암 발생의 주요한 요인으로 제시된 바 있으나 비만 연계 대장암 발생 기전에서 성별 차이를 규명한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수컷과 암컷, 난소 절제술을 통해 에스트로겐을 고갈시킨 암컷 쥐를 각각 저지방 식이 공급 군과 고지방 식이 공급 군으로 나누어 대장 종양 형성을 유도하여 그 차이를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과 대장 종양 개수는 고지방 식이를 공급한 수컷 군에서 모든 암컷 군 대비 유의적으로 높았고, 종양 개수에서 성별의 유의한 효과와 성별과 식이의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 면역조직화학염색을 통해 MUC2 발현을 평가한 결과, 고지방 식이를 공급한 수컷 군 대비 모든 암컷 군에서 MUC2 발현이 유의미하게 많았다. 본 연구에서는 비만과 대장암 발생의 연계성에서 성별 차이를 나타내는 유전자의 종류 및 기능을 확인하기 위해 마이크로어레이 분석과 KEGG enrichment 분석을 수행하였다. 비만 연계 대장암 발생에서 수컷군과 암컷군 그리고 난소 절제 암컷 군에서 각각 특이적으로 발현이 증가 또는 감소한 유전자 리스트를 대상으로 PPI network analysis를 수행한 후 네트워크 내 다른 유전자들과 상관관계가 높은 허브 유전자를 선별하였다. 비만 연계 대장암 발생 시 수컷 군 특이적으로 발현이 증가한 유전자는 주로 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Central carbon metabolism in cancer를 포함한 cancer-related pathway에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 비만 연계 대장암 발생 시 암컷 군에서는 TNF signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway를 비롯한 cancer-related pathways에 관여하는 유전자 발현이 감소하였다. 난소 절제술을 통해 에스트로겐을 고갈시킨 암컷 군에서는 비만 연계 대장암 발생 시 Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis에 관여하는 유전자 발현이 증가하였고, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, inflammatory bowel disease, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, transcriptional misregulation in cancer에 관여하는 유전자 발현이 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 수컷 군 대비 암컷 군과 난소 절제 암컷 군에서 비만 연계 대장암 발생이 억제된 이유를 뒷받침할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 암컷 군과 난소 절제 암컷 군 간 비만 연계 대장암 발생 기전에 차이가 있음을 시사한다. 장 내 미생물 조성 분석 결과, 성별과 식이의 상호작용 효과가 나타난 taxa에는 Ruminococcaceae_uc(genus level), Turicibacter(genus level), Bifidobacterium_uc(species level)가 있었다. 암컷 군과는 달리 수컷 군에서는 고지방 식이 공급에 의해 Deltaproteobacteria를 비롯한 sulfate-reducing bacteria 비율이 유의하게 증가하였고, Odoribacter 비율의 유의적인 증가와 Parvibacter 비율의 유의적인 감소가 나타났다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 비만 연계 대장암 발생의 성별 차이와 이에 미치는 유전자 및 장내 미생물 조성의 영향을 규명하였다. The risk of colorectal cancer is related to various factors such as sex, race, eating habits, and obesity. The correlation between obesity and colorectal cancer is more pronounced in men than in women. Chronic inflammation due to obesity, gut dysbiosis, and changes in adipokine concentration have been suggested as major factors in the occurrence of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. However, studies that have identified sex differences in the mechanism of obesity-related colorectal cancer are lacking. In this study, male, female, and ovariectomized female (OVX) mice were divided into groups fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet, respectively. Sex differences in obesity-associated colorectal cancer were investigated by inducing colon tumors in all mice with AOM/DSS (azoxymethane /dextran sulfate sodium). The number of colon tumors was significantly higher in the male+hfd (high fat diet) group than in all female groups. We observed the significant effect of sex on tumor number, and there was also a significant interaction effect between sex and diet. MUC2 expression was significantly higher in all female groups compared to male+hfd group. Microarray analysis was performed to confirm the effect of gene expression on sex differences in the correlation between obesity and colorectal cancer. Genes whose expression was changed in the hfd(high fat diet) group compared to the lfd(low fat diet) group in male, female, and ovx mice were referred to as male, female, and ovx-specific DEGs(differentially expressed genes). Male-specific upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and central carbon metabolism in cancer. Female-specific downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways including TNF signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Chemokine signaling pathway. In ovx+hfd group, the expression of genes involved in Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis increased, and the expression of genes involved in inflammatory bowel disease, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway decreased. These results seem to support the reason why the occurrence of obesity-linked colorectal cancer was suppressed both in the female and ovariectomized female groups compared to the male+hfd group. Also, we confirmed that there was a clear difference in the mechanism of obesity-associated colorectal cancer between the female mice and ovariectomized female mice. Taxa showing significant interaction effects of sex and diet included Ruminococcaceae_uc (genus level), Turicibacter (genus level), and Bifidobacterium_uc (species level). The proportion of sulfate-reducing bacteria, such as Deltaproteobacteria, was significantly increased by providing high-fat diet in the male group. As a result, this study identified the effects of genes and gut microbiota composition as factors related to sex differences in the incidence of obesity-associated colorectal cancer.

최확수법과 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용한 비브리오 패혈증균 정량분석법 확립 및 검증

장유미 부경대학교 2019 국내석사

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen which is highly lethal and responsible for the majority of seafood -associated deaths worldwide. The common method used for the detection of V. vulnificus was utilized thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS). The objective of this study is to establish a quantitative count method of V. vulnificus, and the most frequent method for quantitative cell count was plate count method. However, using TCBS agar plate for viable cell count of V. vulnificus is not suitable to detect the damaged V. vulnificus due to growth inhibition by high selectivity. In this study, I suggested a most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method using alkaline peptone water medium for quantitative cell count of V. vulnificus. And the MPN-PCR method developed in this study was used to analyze the effect of salinity, temperature and organic acid-adjusted pH on V. vulnificus. The MPN-PCR method showed 2 log higher cell number than that of TCBS agar plate. Similar result was also found in the control, which is Luria-Bertani agar containing 2% NaCl. As a result of analyzing the environmental factors using the MPN-PCR method, V. vulnificus was more salinity-dependent than temperature. It can also be seen that low pH such as pH 4, 5 affects V. vulnificus growth. Among them, the water adjusted with acetic acid was controlled V. vulnificus the greatest. Therefore, the MPN-PCR method can be utilized a sensitive method for the quantitative detection of viable cell count of V. vulnificus in fish as well as shellfish samples. In addition, it is possible to suggest a method for enhancing the hygienic safety of aquatic products by conducting V vulnificus control research.

반투막 시료 도입부를 이용한 대기 중 휘발성 유기화합물의 질량분석 연구

장유미 원광대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

실리콘 반투막의 시료도입부를 이용한 소형 비행시간 질량분석기를 개발하였다. 이 장치는 대기 중에 있는 휘발성 유기화합물의 극미량 측정에 필요한 높은 감도, 편리한 작동, 적은 제작비용, 현장 이동성 등 여러 장점들을 가지고 있다. 25 cm의 짧은 비행경로에도 불구하고 m/z 78에서 400정도의 우수한 분해능을 나타냈으며 휘발성 유기화합물들의 경우 ppb 영역의 낮은 감도, 특히 103이상의 넓은 농도 영역에서도 분석이 가능하였다. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 실리콘 고분자 반투막의 75 ㎛와 127 ㎛ 두께에 따른 시료의 투과 특성을 관찰하였으며 이론식과도 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 그리고 할로겐 원소를 포함한 극성분자들과 방향족 탄화수소를 포함하는 비극성 화합물들에 대해서도 확산계수, 응답시간, 감도 등을 실험적으로 결정하였다. 또한 비행시간 질량분석기의 시료 도입부에 사용되는 실리콘 반투막을 double-stage로 해주었을 때 휘발성 유기화합물의 투과 특성들을 비교하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 반투막 시료도입/비행시간 질량분석기가 실시간-환경오염 모니터링과 같은 산업의 다양한 분야에 응용될 수 있음을 입증하였다. A miniaturized time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) with a sheet membrane introduction (MI) has been developed. The advantages and features of the mass spectrometer include high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, compact volume with field portable capability, and ease of operation. A mass resolution of 400 at m/z 78 has been obtained with a 25 cm flight path length. Under optimized conditions, the detection limits for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) studied were in the ppb range with linear dynamic range greater than three orders of magnitude. The response time for various VOCs were measured using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane assembly of 75 ㎛ and 127 ㎛ thickness. The results were well fitted by a non-steady state permeation equation. The diffusion coefficient, response time, and sensitivity were determined experimentally for a range of polar (halogenated) and nonpolar (aromatic) compounds. The results indicate that the membrane inlet/time-of-flight mass spectrometer will be useful for a wide range of field applications, especially for real-time environmental monitoring.

신종감염병 대응의 위기 커뮤니케이션 고찰 : WHO 합동외부평가(JEE)에 따른 국가별 평가를 중심으로

장유미 연세대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

Concept of Communicative Approach and Education of Chinese Language

장유미 순천향대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

It has been a couple of decades since Korea started teaching foreign languages in high school. The history of Korea's Foreign Language Education is not as long as western countries; however, there have been a lot of changes and improvements in the way of teaching and learning foreign languages. The Method of Teaching Foreign Language has developed from a typical Teaching method, which is based on grammar and translation, to Audio-Lingual Method, Audio-Visual Method and Communicative Language Teaching which is being under discussion these days. During this time, almost of all the foreign language teaching methods are introduced and practiced in the educational field. The aim and the way of learning foreign language should be different depending on the times. The foreign language teaching method is about the way, and it needs to be relevant to the aim as well. So, it is obvious that if the aim is changed, the way of achieving the aim should be changed as well. That is why we are learning foreign languages with many different goals and in various ways. The foreign language teaching method has developed to reach these goals. Simply reading and understanding foreign literary works used to be good enough but, we are living in the society that we have to not only communicate with foreign people for an exchange, but also create something through the communication with foreign people. That is the main reason why we cannot have the same foreign language teaching method any more. In other words, because the goal of learning foreign language has been changed by the times, the teaching method has to be changed as well. Given the developments in the foreign language teaching method, we have a huge improvement in Korea’s foreign education system. A lot of teaching methods have been practiced in the field within a short time and we have had an improvement in teaching method every time we have a new method. To learn foreign languages, we need have the input and output of understandable language, and the interaction between a teacher and a student. These learning conditions need to be based on the fact that the subjects in the class room should focus on the communication rather than correction of false and they also need to be intriguing, relevant to learners. It is also really important experience for the people studying second language to express their thoughts with the second language. If they only focus on memorizing what they learn without expressing their thoughts with the second language, they cannot use the second language in a real situation. Therefore we need to practice and use the second language as much as possible in the class room. At this point, I want to talk about the teaching method specifically various teaching methods for Chinese such as teaching method, teaching process, teaching consulting, teaching administration and teaching evaluation aimed at improvement of communication. I also want to suggest how to organize a class with a consideration of the feature of Chinese and learner’s feature and language ability. I hope all of my suggestions would be practical and useful for teachers so they would be able to organize their class better.

추가경정예산의 정치적 성격 분석

장유미 연세대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

건설공사 입찰제도에 관한 연구

장유미 전북대학교 경영대학원 2023 국내석사

The domestic construction market in South Korea is facing various challenges such as rising costs, reduced operating time of construction machinery, and policies related to large-scale construction projects. In response, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport implemented a deregulation policy to remove market participation restrictions for construction companies. This study evaluated the effects of the bidding system and the deregulation policy on the market positioning and image enhancement of construction companies.

러닝 시 스포츠브라 디자인에 따른 유방진동 특성 및 착용감

장유미 연세대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사