간질환 환자의 수술전 평가 및 처치

이효석 大韓消化器病學會 1990 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

답 변

이효석 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.37 No.2

알코올 대사 효소들의 유전적 다형성이 알코올성 간경변증의 발생에 미치는 영향

이효석,김정룡,윤정환,정숙향,이한주 대한간학회 1998 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.4 No.1

Background/Aims There is considerable variance in individual susceptibility to hepato- toxic effects of ethanol as evidenced by the finding that only about 10-20% of alcoholics develop alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were', 1) to get the data on the genetic polymorphisms of three major ethanol-metabolizing enzymes (ADH, CYP2E1, ALDH) in normal Korean adults, and to search for the specific genotypes influencing alcohol drinking behavior by the comparison of allele frequencies between healthy control group and heavy drinker group with or without liver disease, 2) to investigate the influence of the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes on the susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease by the comparison of allele frequencies between heavy drinker group without liver disease and alcoholic liver cirrhosis group. Methods - Healthy control group included 53 healthy males in military service without evidence of liver disease or alcoholism. Heavy drinker group without liver cirrhosis included 29 males who had been drinking 80g or more of alcohol daily for more than ten years but did not have any clinical evidence of liver disease. Alcoholic cirrhosis group included 43 male patients who had drunk 80g or more of alcohol daily for more than ten years and had clinical evidences of overt cirrhosis. Subjects with hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C antibody were excluded. Genotypes of the three enzymes were determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral leukocytes. Results' 1) In healthy Korean males, allele frequency of ADH2*2, ADH3*1, CYP2E1 c2 and ALDH2*2 was 81%, 94%, 30% and 14%, respectively. 2) The absence of ALDH*2Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare, benign hepatic tumor which was usually discovered incidentally by imaging procedure performed for some other reasons. FNH is typically asymptomatic and, it seldom bleeds. There is no evidence to support any relation with primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the preferred management is conservative, and excision is reserved for large symptomatic and complicated lesion, or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Although many cases of FNH has been described to date in the other countries, only four cases of FNH has been reported in Korean literature. In the present report we describe a 7 cm sized asymptomatic lesion of FNH in a 23-year-old woman, that was disclosed by various kinds of imaging procedure. The left lateral segmentectomy was performed. The mass was firm and showed areas of localized growth of mature hepatocytes and septal fibrosis accompanied with marginal ductal proliferation, consistent with FNH. It also displayed an incomplete stellate architectual configration consisted of a central fibrous scar. (Korean J Hepatol 1997;7:337 343)2 or CYP2E1 c2 allele were significant risk factors for being a heavy drinker (odds ratio,' 0.09, 0.42, respectively). 3) Although it was not associated with the polymorphism of each ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, the susceptibility to alcoholic liver cirrhosis was significantly associated with combined genotypes of ADH2(2*2) & ADH3(1*1)& CYP2E1 B or C. Conclusion- Genetic polymorphisms of ethanol-metabolizing enzyrnes are significantly associated with the suseptability to alcoholic liver disease as well as alcohol drinking behavior. (Korean J Hepatol 1998;8:1 11)

주체와 타자의 대화적 공간으로서의 제임스 소설

이효석 한국현대영미소설학회 2003 현대영미소설 Vol.10 No.2

Henry James's realistic novels in the 1880s, which focus mainly on the social tumults of conflicting desires between sexes and classes, have incurred many a contradictory critical response. Some have blamed him to be too conservative for the reality; others praised him to be true to real lives or even radical. This essay argues that such opposite critical responses were directly due to James's dialogic sense of history and society; he presents the novel as a dialogic space of subject and the other, that is, as a meeting place for dialogue. In such realistic novels as The Bostonians, The Princess Casamassima, and The Tragic Muse, James presents the egocentric and monologic characters who will deny and abolish the other values or the established institutions to reconstruct another exclusively upon their own views of world and society, without regard to other voices or positions. Sometimes they use others for their purpose. For example, Olive Chancellor and Paul Muniment seek to provide a new living ground for, respectively, women and workers while excluding the other sex and the upper class in that society. Peter Sherringham is a modern man of reason and calculation; he seems to believe everything and everyone can be classified into the utilitarian category; he does not conceal his arrogance to use the beauty and skill of an actress named Miriam Rooth as a tool to win his diplomatic games. They regard this world is made up of one color, rather one voice of their own, monolithic, monologic; they neither doubt their point of views, nor listen other voices. James, in his later psychological novels, presents the honest and modest characters who see their worlds connected with other ones and try to listen carefully other voices. Maisie in What Maisie Knew or Maggie Verver in The Golden Bowl, for example, seems to see the otherness of the other, the needs of a ceaseless dialogue between them, or the presence of other voices in their world.

성인에서 각막굴절교정렌즈 처방의 임상적 특성

이효석 대한검안학회 2023 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.22 No.2

Orthokeratology lenses are specially designed rigid gas-permeable lenses that are similar to corneal refractive surgery, in that they flatten the central cornea, reducing corneal curvature and correcting myopic refractive errors. While there have been numerous studies on the prescription of orthokeratology lenses for children, there have been relatively few studies regarding prescribing orthokeratology lenses for adults. Properly prescribed orthokeratology lenses can help to slow down the progression of myopia in young adults and have the advantage of alleviating visual fatigue symptoms compared to soft contact lenses. This paper aims to summarize the various clinical characteristics of prescribing orthokeratology lenses in adults. 각막굴절교정렌즈는 특수하게 디자인된 경성 산소 투과 렌즈로 각막굴절교정수술과 유사하게 각막의 중심부를 편평하게 만들어 각막의 굴절력을 감소시켜 근시성 굴절이상을 교정한다. 소아에서의 각막굴절교정렌즈 처방에 대해서는 여러 방면으로 많은 연구가 되어있지만, 성인을 대상으로 한 연구는 아직 많지 않다. 적절한 각막굴절교정렌즈의 처방은 젊은 성인에서 근시의 진행을 억제할 수 있고, 연성콘택트렌즈에 비해서 눈 피로 증상을 줄일 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본고를 통하여 성인에서 각막굴절교정렌즈 처방 시의 여러 임상적 특성에 대해서 정리하고자 한다.

동태적 시장에서의 기업결합규제

이효석 경북대학교 법학연구원 2023 법학논고 Vol.- No.81

This paper focuses on dynamic factors that should be dealt with in the competition analysis in the field of merger regulation among various competition-related issues under the digital economy, and examines the competition effect of merger and discusses rational regulation measures. To this end, the analysis framework and illegality criteria of the existing merger regulation were first examined, and the unique corporate combination review requirements closely related to the dynamic market were considered for each issue. In particular, the Fair Trade Commission's competition evaluation criteria with dynamic competition in mind, as well as regulatory standards, theories, and law enforcement experiences in the U.S. and EU were reviewed to the extent necessary. Despite difficulties in predicting future competition and analyzing competition, competition regulations reflecting market characteristics should be operated in addition to the existing competition analysis framework to ensure desirable competition among operators without hindering innovation and technological innovation and development in the digital economy. 본 논문은 동태적 시장에서 제기되는 다양한 경쟁관련 이슈 중 기업결합규제 분야에서 동태성에 초점을 맞춘 경쟁분석과 기업결합의 경쟁효과를 살펴보고, 합리적인 규제방안을 논의하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 기존 기업결합규제의 분석틀과 위법성 기준을 간략하게 살펴본 다음, 각 심사단계마다 주요 쟁점별로 역동적인 시장에 특유하고도 밀접한 관련이 있는 기업결합 심사요건들 검토하였다. 특히 역동적인 경쟁을 고려하여 새로 도입한 공정거래위원회의 경쟁평가 기준과 미국과 EU의 규제기준, 이론, 법집행 경험 등을 필요한 범위에서 함께 고찰하였다. 기업결합규제의 경우 장래 경쟁효과를 예측하고 관련시장을 분석하는 데 따르는 본질적인 어려움에도 불구하고, 동태적 시장에서 발견되는 혁신 경쟁과 기술 발전을 유지하기 위해서는 기존의 경쟁 분석 틀 외에 시장의 동태적 특성을 반영한 경쟁 규제가 운영되어야 한다는 전제 하에 이를 뒷받침할 이론적 측면에서의 논의와 실제 사례에서의 규제 경험들을 검토・분석하여 규제적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

PCR을 이용한 감염성 질환의 진단

李孝錫 대한의학협회 1993 대한의학협회지 Vol.36 No.2

혁신의료기기 위험 - 이득 평가제도 개선방안

이효석 대한전자공학회 2020 전자공학회지 Vol.47 No.9

수포각막병증에서 치료레이저각막절제술의 단독시행 또는 양막이식술과 동시시행의 치료효과 비교

이효석,오한진,윤경철,Hyo Seok Lee,Han Jin Oh,Kyung Chul Yoon 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with or without amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in patients who had symptomatic bullous keratopathy with poor visual potential. Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with bullous keratopathy were reviewed retrospectively. Ten eyes (group A) were treated with PTK, and the other 15 eyes (group B) were treated with combined PTK and AMT. Changes of vision and symptoms, re-epithelization time, recurrence of bulla, central corneal thickness measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: At post-operative 3 months, visual acuity improved in 2 patients in both A and B groups. Nine patients in group A (90%) and 13 patients in group B (86.7%) showed symptom improvement. Mean re-epithelization time was 12.40 ± 4.33 days in group A and 8.13 ± 1.19 days in group B (p > 0.05). In both groups, central corneal thickness decreased postoperatively without statistically significant difference between groups. At the final follow-up visit, epithelial bulla had not recurred in 7 eyes (70.0%) in group A and 12 eyes (80.0%) in group B. No postoperative complication was detected. Conclusions: PTK alone appears comparable to the combined treatment of PTK and AMT in terms of symptom improvement, re-epithelization time and recurrence rate.

수정체 초음파유화술 중 발생한 각막화상 1예

이효석,이태희,윤경철 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.3

Purpose: To report a case of severe corneal burn during phacoemulsification that was successfully managed with a second operation and medical treatment. Case summary: An 89-year-old female had phacoemulsification of a mature cataract in her right eye, and was transferred to our outpatient clinic after development of a thermal burn at the corneal incision site. On initial examination, visual acuity was light perception and slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse, severe corneal edema, and a 3.0 × 3.0 mm-sized epithelial defect with severe stromal opacity around the incision site. Extracapsular cataract extraction through superior scleral incision was performed with posterior chamber implantation of a 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL). Topical steroids as well as hypertonic saline were used to manage corneal edema postoperatively. One month postoperatively, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.06 and slit-lamp examination showed markedly decreased corneal edema and epithelial defect. Three months postoperatively, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.2, the IOL was centered in the capsular bag, and corneal edema nearly disappeared with remnant moderate corneal opacities. Conclusions: We report successful treatment of severe corneal burn during phacoemulsification managed with extracapsular cataract extraction through scleral incision and medical treatment. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(3):454-458