고산소투과율을 가진 친수성 콘택트렌즈의 광학적 기능 향상 연구

성아영,김태훈 대한시과학회 2013 대한시과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: This study evaluated the physical and optical characteristics of hydrophilic contact lens polymerized with addition of trimethylsilyl methacrylate and titanium silicon oxide in the basic hydrogel contact lens material, and in particular, this study investigated the utility of TMSMA and TiSiO4 nanoparticles as a contact lens material for ophthalmologic devices. Methods: In this study TMSMA and TiSiO4 nanoparticles were used as additives. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-vinyl pyrrolidone and a cross-linker EGDMA were copolymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. We measured physical properties such as water content, refractive index, oxygen permeability, spectral transmittance of produced contact lenses. Results: The hydrogel contact lens material produced using trimethylsilyl methacrylate satisfied the basic characteristics required for contact lenses and also showed an increase in oxygen permeability. The physical properties measurements of the produced contact lenses showed that the added titanium silicon oxide nanoparticles did not show significant effect on the basic physical properties, but the materials have UV-blocking property. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, contact lens material containing TMSMA and TiSiO4 is expected to be able to be used usefully as a material for high oxygen permeability and UV-block hydrogel contact lens. 목 적: 본 연구는 trimethylsilyl methacrylate와 titanium silicon oxide 나노입자를 사용하여 친수성 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈 재질을 중합하고 제조된 친수성 콘택트렌즈의 물리적, 광학적 특성을 분석하여 이들 물질들의 콘택트렌즈 재료로서의 활용도를 알아보았다. 방 법: 고분자의 중합은 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate 및 n-vinyl pyrrolidone과 가교제인 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate를 기본 조합으로 하였으며, 개시제로는 AIBN을 사용하였다. 제조된 렌즈의 물성 변화를 알아보기 위해 trimethylsilyl methacrylate와 titanium silicon oxide를 첨가하여 중합하고 함수율, 굴절률, 산소투과도, 분광투과율을 측정하였다. 결과: 제조된 친수성 콘택트렌즈는 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 기본물성을 만족하였으며, 첨가제인 trimethylsilyl methacrylate의 양이 증가함에 따라 산소투과도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 titanium silicon oxide 나노입자의 첨가는 친수성 렌즈 소재의 기본적인 물성을 변화시키지 않으면서 자외선을 차단하는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구를 통해 trimethylsilyl methacrylate와 titanium silicon oxide는 콘택트렌즈의 기본적인 물성을 만족시키면서 고산소투과성 및 자외선 차단 콘택트렌즈 재료로 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

UV Absorbent-added Polymerization and its Application as Ophthalmological Material

성아영,김태훈,예기훈,Sung, A-Young,Kim, Tae-Hun,Ye, Ki-Hun Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.1

본 연구는 자외선 흡수제로 사용되는 benzophenone계(group) 및 높은 굴절률과 화학적, 물리적으로 매우 안정한 물질로 알려진 $TiO_2$를 기존의 재료에 첨가하여 자외선 차단 기능을 가진 고분자 재료를 중합하였다. 중합 결과 생성된 고분자의 자외선 흡수 정도를 기존의 재료들과 비교하였으며, 제조된 콘택트렌즈의 함수율, 굴절률 및 광투과율등의 기본적인 물성을 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 자외선 흡수제를 첨가한 콘택트렌즈의 굴절률과 함수율은 각각 1.430~1.440, 35.0~45.0의 값들로 나타나 기존의 콘택트렌즈와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 각 파장대별 광투과율에서는 자외선 흡수제를 넣지 않은 콘택트렌즈에서는 UV-A, UV-B, 가시광선 투과율이 각각 89%, 88%, 89%로 나타나 자외선 투과율이 매우 높았으나, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone와 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone을 첨가한 콘택트렌즈의 경우, 각각 UV-A 0%, UV-B 6%의 투과율을 나타내어 자외선 차단 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 $TiO_2$를 첨가한 콘택트렌즈의 경우, 각각 UV-A 6%, UV-B 51%의 투과율을 나타내어 자외선 차단 효과가 다소 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가시광선 투과율은 모두 77~89%로 콘택트렌즈의 가시광선 투과율의 조건에 만족함을 알 수 있었다. This study was done for the preparation of macromolecular material with UV-blocking features by adding the benzophenone group that is commonly used as a UV-absorbent and $TiO_2$ which is known to be a very stable material in chemical and physical aspects. Also, we compared the level of UV absorbency of the polymer produced from polymerization with previous materials and measured basic properties such as water content, refractive index and optical transmittance of produced contact lenses. The results of the measurement showed that the refractive index and water content of the contact lens with added UV-absorbent was 1.430~1.440 and 35.0~45.0% respectively, which was similar to that of previous contact lenses. Also, for optical transmittances of each wave length, contact lenses without the UV-absorbent was 89%, 88% and 89% respectively for UV-A, UV-B and visible light, indicating that the UV transmittance is very high though contrary with cases of contact lenses with added 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone and 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone which showed transmittances of 0% and 6% respectively for UV-A and UV-B showing a UV-blocking effect. Meanwhile, contact lenses with added $TiO_2$ showed transmittance of 6% and 51% respectively for UV-A and UV-B also showing a UV-blocking effect. The visible transmittance was 77~89% showing that it satisfies the visible transmittance required for ophthalmological materials.

안경렌즈 굴절력의 신뢰성 평가에 관한 연구

성아영,김태훈,예기훈 대한시과학회 2007 대한시과학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study is to investigate the refractive power of spectacle lenses, which are being sold in Korea and evaluate reliability of refractive power. We used samples of three hundred and ninety eight spectacle lenses of eight company in total. Refractive indices of each samples which were used in experiment were medium index (1.55~1.56), high index(1.60~1.61) and extra high index(1.67). We tested the errors and conformity of refractive power of spectacle lenses by using the medical instrument standard of KFDA. We found that they deviated from the permitting value in many spectacle lenses and the conformity of refractive power was 81.61% in total spectacle lenses. 본 연구는 국내에 유통되고 있는 안경렌즈의 굴절력을 조사하여 안경렌즈 굴절력의 신뢰 성을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용한 렌즈는 굴절률별로 중굴절(1.55~1.56), 고굴절(1.60~1.61), 초고굴절(1.67) 렌즈 총 8개 회사 398개를 사용하였으며, 식품의약품안정청의 의료기기에 대 한 기준규격을 사용하여 렌즈 굴절력의 오차와 적합률을 실험하였다. 많은 렌즈에서 굴절력 허용오차를 벗어났으며 전체 안경렌즈에서 81.61%의 적합률을 나타내었다.

Optical application of poly(HEMA-co-MMA) containing silver nanoparticles and N,N-dimethylacrylamide

성아영,Tae-Hun Kim 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.5

High functional ophthalmic lens materials, poly(HEMA-co-MMA)s, were prepared by the copolymerization of HEMA, MMA, NVP, EDGMA, and N,N-dimethylacrylamide in the presence of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties and a hydrophilic monomer N,N-dimethylacrylamide has excellent biocompatibility and oxygen transmissibility. The water content was in the range of 36.63-44.45%, indicating the characteristics of general water-content contact lenses, and the refractive index was measured to be in the range of 1.423-1.435. Meanwhile,the oxygen transmissibility ranged from 10.63×10−11 to 18.85×10−11 (cm2/sec)(mlO2/ml×mmHg) increasing with increasing the addition ratio of N,N-dimethylacrylamide. The polymeric materials satisfied the basic characteristics required for ophthalmic contact lenses. The polymers can be used to fabricate antimicrobial hydrogel contact lenses with high oxygen transmissibility.

Preparation and characterization of ophthalmic polymers containing silicon nanoparticles

성아영,김태훈 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.9

HEMA, MMA, NVP, EDGMA, and 3-vinylanisole were copolymerized with Si nanoparticles and silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis (trihexylsilyloxide) for ophthalmic application. The physical, optical, and surface characteristics of the contact lens copolymers were investigated to examine the usefulness of the above nanomaterials as components for contact lenses. The water content and the refractive index were in the range of 26.03-37.61% and 1.435-1.479, respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength ranging from 0.156 to 0.802 kgf increased with increasing the addition ratio of 3-vinylanisole. Si nanoparticles reduce spectral transmittance in all wavelengths, whereas for silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis (trihexylsilyloxide) the transmittance of visual light increased but the transmittance of UV and near infrared decreased. High contact angle was observed for contact lenses containing both Si nanopowder and silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis (trihexylsilyloxide). The water content of contact lenses was not significantly affected by the addition of 3-vinylanisole. Nanomaterials such as Si nanoparticles and silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis (trihexylsilyloxide)can be used for manufacturing hydrogel soft contact lenses with UV-blocking capabilities if the intensity and the wettability of the surface are properly controlled.

내장형 시스템의 상호작용 오류 감지를 위한 테스트 데이타 선정 기법

성아영,최병주 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.30 No.12

As an Embedded system combining hardware and software gets more complicated, the importance of the embedded software test increases. Especially, it is mandatory to test the embedded software in the system which has high safety level. In embedded system, it is necessary to develop a test technique to detect faults in interaction between hardware and software. In this paper, we propose a test data selection technique using a fault injection technique for the faults in interaction between hardware and software in embedded system and we apply our technique to the Digital Plant Protection System and analyze effectiveness of the proposed technique through experiments. 하드웨어와 소프트웨어가 조합된 내장형 시스템이 복잡해지면서, 내장형 시스템에 탑재되는 내장형 소프트웨어 테스트가 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 특히, 원자력 발전소와 같이 안전 등급이 높은 시스템에 들어가는 소프트웨어 테스트는 필수적이다. 내장형 시스템 테스트의 경우 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 상호작용에 의해 발생하는 오류를 발견하기 위한 효과적인 테스트 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 사이의 상호작용에 의해 생성되는 오류를 발견하기 위하여, 오류 삽입 기법을 이용한 테스트 데이타 선정 기법을 제안하고, 이 기법을 Digital Plant Protection System에 적용하였으며, 실험을 통해 제안한 기법의 우수성을 분석한다.

THERMAL POLYMERIZATION OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE WITH PHENYLSILANS

성아영,Sung, A Young 한국안광학회 2000 한국안광학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Poly(HEMA)는 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 재료로써 널리 사용되어 왔다. $phSiH_3$, $phMeSiH_2$, $ph2SiH_2$와 같은 다양한 hydrosilane들과 hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)와의 열중합은 Phenylsilyl 말단기를 포함하는 poly(HEMA)를 생성시켰다. 열중합 반응 동안에는 Phenylsilane의 농도가 증가함에 따라 고분자의 분자량과 고분자 수득률이 감소됨을 보였으며 광중합 반응에서 보다 중합 수득률, 고분자의 분자량, TGA 잔여 수율 등이 더 높았다. Poly(HEMA)s have been used as the optometric material for the preparation of soft contact lens. The bulk thermal polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with various hydrosilanes such as $phSiH_3$, $phMeSiH_2$, and $ph2SiH_2$ were performed to produce poly(HEMA)s containing phenylsilyl end moeity. It was found for thermal polymerization that while the polymerization yield and polymer molcular weights decreased as the relative phenylsilane concentration increases, the TGA residue yields and the relative intensities of SiH IR stretching bands increased as the relative hydrosilane concentration increases over HEMA. The polymerization yield, molecular weight, and TGA residue for the thermal polymerization were higher than those for the photo polymerization. Thus, the hydrosilanes significantly influence on the polymerization as both chain-initiation and chain-transfer agents.

POLYMERIZATION OF HEMA IN THE PRESENCE OF PHENYLSILANES

성아영,Sung, A-Young 한국안광학회 2001 한국안광학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Phenylsilane들과 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA)의 광중합은 말단기에 phenylsilyl기를 포함하고 있는 poly(HEMA)s를 생성시킴으로써 열중합과 같은 결과를 보였다. 중합반응 동안에 실란의 몰비율이 증가함에 따라 중합수율과 고유점도는 감소하였으며, TGA 잔여수율과 Si-H IR 신축띠의 상대적 세기는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. phenylsilanne은 HEMA와의 광중합 반응에서 연쇄개시제와 전달물질로 중요한 영향을 주었다. The bulk photopolymerization of 2-hydrxyethylmethacrylate(HDMA) with phenylsilane was perforemed to produce poly(HEMA)s containing phenylsilyl moiety presumably as an end group. This result, are the same as that of thermal polymerization. It was found that while the polymerization yields and intrinsic viscosities decreased, the TGA residue yields and the relative intensities of SiH IR stretching bands increased with increasing molar ratio of phenylsilane over HEMA. The phenylsilane seemed to significantly influence on the photopolymerization as both chain initiation and chain transfer agents.

ZnO 및 SiNc 나노입자를 첨가제로 사용한 furfuryl methacrylate를 포함한 친수성 착색렌즈의 특성

성아영,김태훈 대한시과학회 2012 대한시과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 기본적인 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈 재료에 zinc oxide nanoparticles와 SiNc[silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide)]을 첨가제로 사용하여 친수성 콘택트렌즈 고분자를 중합하고 물리적 및 광학적 특성을 평가하였으며, 특히 자외선 투과율을 측정하여 ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc의 자외선 차단 안의료용 렌즈 소재로의 활용도를 알아보았다. 방법: ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc을 첨가제로 사용하였으며, HEMA, NVP, MMA, FMA와 교차결합제인 EGDMA 그리고 AIBN을 개시제로 사용하여 공중합 하였다. 또한 제조된 렌즈의 물리적 특성을 평가하기 위해 함수율, 굴절률, 인장강도 및 분광투과율을 측정하였다. 결과: ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc을 첨가한 각각의 조합에서는 함수율과 굴절률에서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc이 함수율과 굴절률을 변화시키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자외선 영역의 투과도가 현저히 감소하여 ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc이 자외선을 차단하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: ZnO nanoparticles와 SiNc의 경우, 함수율 및 굴절률 등의 물성을 변화시키지 않으면서 자외선을 차단할 수 있는 렌즈 재료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다. Purpose: The physical and optical characteristics of hydrophilic tinted contact lens containing ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc[silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide)] in the basic hydrogel contact lens material containing furfuryl methacrylate were examined. We especially investigated the utility of ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc as a possible UV-blocking material for ophthalmologic devices by measuring the UV transmittance. Methods: In this study ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc were used as additives. HEMA, NVP, MMA, FMA, and a cross-linker EGDMA were copolymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. We measured physical properties such as water content, refractive index, tensile strength and spectral transmittance of produced contact lenses. Results: The water content and refractive index did not show a significant difference in the combinations added with ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc, indicating that ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc do not affect the water content and refractive index appreciably. In addition, the transmittance for UV was reduced significantly in combinations added ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc. Conclusions: The ophthalmic polymer material containing ZnO nanoparticles and SiNc is expected to be able to be used usefully as a material for fabricating UV-block hydrogel contact lens without affecting the water content and refractive index.

Study on the Comparison Between Contact Lens Wear and BUT Value

성아영,김태훈,예기훈 대한시과학회 2010 대한시과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose : In this study, we measured the average Tear Film Break-Up Times using the Tear Film Break-Up Time (BUT) test, which is used as a method for diagnosing dry eye and evaluating tear films. We compared BUT test results between contact lens wearers and non-wearers. Methods : We checked the BUT values of 155 adults (310 eyes) in twenties to forties who didn't have any ophthalmic diseases that could affect the quantity of tear condition. Results : The male average value is 12.585±3.999 seconds, and the female average value is 9.761±3.339 seconds. Males have a higher average BUT value, but this tends to decrease for older men. Our findings showed that the BUT of contact lens wearer is 10.516±3.244 seconds and that of non-wearer is 12.198±4.158 seconds(p < 0.05). Conclusions : The average BUT value has decreased when compared to prior research. This BUT value decrease can be judged by the decrease of the stability of the tear film.