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박현식,이선영,홍성노,김정환,성인경,박형석,심찬섭,진춘조 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.2
Background/Aims: Improvements in the endoscopic evaluation and management of gastric cancer have made it possible to determine the depth of invasion during endoscopic examination. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences between early gastric cancer (EGC) that resembles advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and AGC that resembles EGC. Methods: We retrieved cases of EGC-like AGC and AGC-like EGC from consecutive gastric cancers that had been completely resected. The endoscopic diagnoses and clinicopathological findings were analyzed. Results: AGC-like EGCs were located mainly in the distal part of the stomach, whereas EGC-like AGCs were located mainly in the proximal part of the stomach (p<0.001). Sixty percent of AGC-like EGCs were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, while 64% of EGC-like AGCs were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (p=0.015). According to Lauren’s classification, 68% of AGC-like EGCs were intestinal type, whereas 71% of EGC-like AGCs were diffuse type (p=0.020). Conclusions: AGC-like EGCs predominate in the distal part of the stomach, while EGC-like AGCs predominate in the proximal part. When evaluating the depth of a gastric cancer, care should be taken not to underestimate measurements in proximal gastric cancers since they tend to be poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, in Laurens’s diffuse type, and invade deeper than their endoscopic appearance might suggest.
인공지능과 휴머니즘에 대한 담론 : 어디에서 왔을까? 그리고 어디로 가고 있을까?
박현식 호서대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2021 AI와 인간사회 Vol.2 No.1
This study presents the beginning of artificial intelligence and the subsequent discourse of humanism. The modern Fourth Revolution is called the emergence of artificial intelligence. What does the development of scientific civilization mean to mankind? How will human life change in the age of AI? We need to question something. We look at the concept and emergence of artificial intelligence and what the difference between artificial intelligence and robots is. We need to look at the concept and emergence of artificial intelligence and summarize the differences between artificial intelligence and robots. The process of the emergence of artificial intelligence began in 1943 through the emergence and development of computers, and since it began to appear in earnest in 1970, a short history of 50 years is making a big difference to mankind. Human life has changed dramatically with the advent of computers and AI, but there are also negative phenomena such as the emergence of side effects and loss of traditional beauty in the past due to artificial intelligence. Beyond the vague illusion of future progress in life, I would like to present a discourse of artificial intelligence to restore true humanity.
박현식,최기용,조석,강경호,김연식 한국원자력학회 2011 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.43 No.3
A set of reflood tests has been performed using ATLAS, which is a thermal-hydraulic integral effect test facility for the pressurized water reactors of APR1400 and OPR1000. Several important phenomena were observed during the ATLAS LBLOCA reflood tests, including core quenching, down-comer boiling, ECC bypass, and steam binding. The present paper discusses those four topics based on the LB-CL-11 test, which is a best-estimate simulation of the LBLOCA reflood phase for APR1400 using ATLAS. Both homogeneous bottom quenching and inhomogeneous top quenching were observed for a uniform radial power profile during the LB-CL-11 test. From the observation of the down-comer boiling phenomena during the LB-CL-11 test, it was found that the measured void fraction in the lower down-comer region was relatively smaller than that estimated from the RELAP5 code, which predicted an unrealistically higher void generation and magnified the downcomer boiling effect for APR1400. The direct ECC bypass was the dominant ECC bypass mechanism throughout the test even though sweep-out occurred during the earlier period. The ECC bypass fractions were between 0.2 and 0.6 during the later test period. The steam binding phenomena was observed, and its effect on the collapsed water levels of the core and down-comer was discussed.