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사방 토출식 천장형 실내기의 냉기 토출 각도가 실내 온열 쾌적감에 미치는 영향
박성관(Sung Kwan Park),지선구(Seon Koo Chee),양근영(Geunyoung Yang),오상경(Sang Kyoung Oh) 대한기계학회 2001 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2001 No.9
It is necessary to develop the air control technique of air conditioning to make a comfort space in the occupancy zone through the detail analysis of temperature and flow inside room. This study concentrates on analysis of indoor thermal environment by controlling air guide system of indoor-unit installed in the ceiling of room. This paper studies how to increase the indoor comfort zone through the air control, and shows the guideline to design the efficient air guide duct of ceiling type. The indoor thermal and flow field are investigated both experimentally and numerically. Test apparatus simulating an air-conditioned room with the ceiling type indoor unit is made to measure the temperature and velocity profile. Commercial CFD code is used to understand the flow distribution and the optimal condition for discharge angle of cooling air. Computational results are analyzed and compared with the experimental result, and used for estimation of indoor thermal comfort index, e.g., PMV. The optimum discharge angle is about 40˚ for an air cooling in this study.
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『반약심경(般若心經)』을 통한 4인간 중심 상담(Person- Centered Counselling)’의 보완점 고찰
박성관 ( Park Sung-kwan ) 위덕대학교 밀교문화연구원 2015 밀교학보 Vol.16 No.-
This thesis is about the possibility for complementing Terson- Centered Counseling” with the adaptation of Prajna-Paramita Hfdaya sutra. In here, current “Person-Centered Counseling” is based on the humanistic psychology and is adopting the value system of existential philosophy. That is, it seeks more fundamental solution for essential human problems compare to the other counseling theories do. Most of the western psychologies concerned with counseling theory focus less on the human nature and tend to put more focus on metaphysical philosophy. Also, the biggest problem of those western psychologies is the lack of understanding for the state of Self-effacement. There fore, I try to complement these weak points of counseling methods with the concept in Prajna-Paramita which represents Buddhism so that consultants can help their counselee to solve personal problems. The basic concepts of the person-centered counseling are Self- actualizing tendency, Phenomental field, Self perception, Condi tioning of values, Restructuring one's personality, Proper attitude of counselor, and Tully- functionated person”. The concept of naught (空) in prajna-paramita hrdaya sutra can complement every require ments of the person-centered counseling. It is because the person- centered counseling deals with phenomental field and prajna-paramita hrdaya sutra dose the part of human essence. In addition to this, with the insight of the naught, It insists that one can reach the state of Nirvana by abolishing every misfortune. Basically, every human problem comes from the interaction of the false self and by con fronting this false self, one can realize the self-effacement. When one can keep the state of self-effacement, it satisfies all the core concepts in person-centered psychology and as a result, consultants can drive their counseling more effectively. When one can keep the state of self-effacement, it satisfies all the core concepts in person-centered counseling and as a result, consultants can drive their counseling more effectively. On the case of Rogers, when a person watches himself intuitively which might be considered as a transformed consciousness, it shows the most effective healing treatment. At this moment, it cre ates healing power and spiritual growth caused by mental energy while it is hard for ones to get this transformed-consciousness. But in the state of self-effacement, the state of fransfomed―consciousness is more attainable. In this context, for both consultant and counselee, it is important to understand the state of self-effacement so that counselee resolve his own problems.
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식이를 통한 식품첨가물의 섭취량에 관한 연구 - 식용색소적색제2호, 적색제3호 및 적색제40호를 대상으로 -
박성관(Sung-Kwan Park),이달수(Tal-Soo Lee),박승국(Seung-Kook Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.34 No.1
본 연구는 식품의 종류, 연령에 따른 3종 식용적색타르색소의 소비실태를 파악하고 식이를 통해 실제 섭취되는 색소의 총 섭취량을 조사하여 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 일일섭취 허용량(ADI)과 비교검토함으로서 ADI 관련 기초자료를 확보하고, 실제 섭취량과 ADI간 안전수준평가 및 관련 자료로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시중에서 유통되고 있는 제품 중 빵, 과자, 사탕, 주류, 청량음료, 아이스크림, 껌, 초콜릿 등 총 8종 369품목의 시료를 수집한 후 분석대상식품별로 함량을 측정하고 국민영양조사자료에 근거하여 식품의 종류와 연령에 따른 색소별 실제 섭취량을 산출하였다. 시료전처리 후 HPLC법에 따라 정성ㆍ정량분석을 행하였을 때, 분석 대상식품의 회수율은 85.1~100.4%로 양호하였다. 분석된 결과로부터 일일추정섭취량(EDI)을 산출한 결과, 대상식품별 색소의 총 EDI는 0~1.632 ㎎/person/day의 범위이었으며 청량음료에서 가장 높았고, 연령대별 색소의 총 EDI는 0.512~7.281 ㎎/person/day의 범위로 13~19세에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 국민영양조사표의 식품별 1인1일당 섭취량과 색소별 평균검출농도로부터 EDI를 산출하였을 때, 3종의 식용적색타르색소별 총 EDI는 각각 R2 0.742, R3 0.391, R40 2.018 ㎎/person/day로 각 색소의 ADI를 국민평균체중 55 ㎏으로 환산한 5.5~385 ㎎/person/day와 비교하였을 때 매우 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 이상에서 식이를 통한 우리나라 국민의 식용적색타르색소별 일일 추정섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 평가된 ADI의 0.5~7.1%이었으며, 총 식용적색타르색소의 섭취량도 ADI 대비 약 0.8%로 식품을 통한 섭취는 안전하다고 판단된다. This study was carried out to measure the amount of daily intake on three synthetic food red colors (Amaranth: R2, Erythrosine: R3, Allura Red: R40) in foods by Korean. Analysis of three synthetic food red colors was conducted by HPLC with the foods including bread, confection, candy, alcoholic beverage, soft drink, ice cream, chocolate, and chewing gum. Recovery rates from the known concentrations of three standard food red colors which were spiked into foods were ranged from 85.1 to 100.4 (%) for each foods. Total Estimated Daily Intake (∑EDI) was from 0 to 1.632 ㎎/㎏ bw/day for each food item and from 0.512 to 7.281 ㎎/person/day for ages (1~over 65 years old). The data of average food intake for each food item per person per day were obtained from the report of Korean National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2001. Total EDI of each red colors per person per day were showed as follows; 0.742 ㎎/㎏ bw/day for R2, 0.391 ㎎/㎏ bw/day for R3 and 2.018 ㎎/㎏ bw/day for R40 as total amount respectively, and the ranges of these values were 0.5~7.1% of FAO/WHO's Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) values. Therefore, the amount of daily intake of three synthetic food red colors in Korea was regarded as safe.
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박성관(Park Sung Kwan) 한국정치학회 1999 한국정치학회보 Vol.33 No.3
이 글은 최근 붕괴된 인도네시아의 수하르토정권에 대한 일종의 정치학적 지역연구이다. 즉, 수하르토정권에 대한 분석은 정치학의 보편적 접근방법과 더불어 인도네시아의 특수성도 함께 구체적이고 심도있게 논의되는 것이 바람직하다. 이 글을 통해서 필자는, 결론적으로, 수하르토는 그 정권의 정당성과 생존을 확보하기 위해 총선에서의 압도적 우위를 통한 여당 GOLKAR의 정치적 헤게모니화를 추구하였다는 점을 강조하고자 한다. 따라서 이러한 결론을 이끌어 내기 위해 이 글은 수하르토의 정권 장악 이후부터 퇴진할 때까지의 여섯 번에 걸친 총선의 체계적인 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 상호연관된 가설들을 검증하는 과정을 내포하고 있다. 첫째, 인도네시아 정치에 있어서 여당 GOLKAR의 성장과 발전은 곧 수하르토정권의 생존과 유지의 토대였다. 둘째, 인도네시아의 정당체계는 독립직후의 다극화된 다원주의체계로부터 수하르토정권하에서는 일당 중심의 헤게모니정당체계로 발전되어 왔다.
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박성관 ( Sung Kwan Park ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2015 東南亞硏究 Vol.25 No.2
Americans have tended to believe that the United States became a hegemonic power after World War II as the champion of freedom against fascism and communism, as the advocates of economic development, and social progress. Americans thought that their international reputation would benefit from their standing for liberal democratic development and stability. But Americans have a tendency to overlook the dark sides of their course of development. It is not surprising that the decades following the Vietnam War, incidents and conflicts in Southeast Asia were marked by the many criticisms of American hegemonic behavior and policy, so-called anti-Americanism. The criticism includes the contrast between American ideology of universal liberalism and the support of repressive and authoritarian regimes, America’s frequent unilateralism, the difficult relationship between the United States and the United Nations, the dissatisfaction with America’s financial contributions for developing countries, most notably, before and during the Asian economic crisis of the mid-1990s, the biased America’s Israel policy, and so on. Americans can try to limit its violent forms of anti-Americanism in Southeast Asia by doing first, reorienting America’s policy toward Islamic states, second, replacing the market-based American-led development system, third, stopping to support the repressive regimes, fourth, paying attention to international economic policies for the developing world, finally, focusing more on people suffering under authoritarian governments than regimes.
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