광용적맥파의 신호 패턴을 이용한 호흡 검출 기법

박문수,김정구 한국멀티미디어학회 2016 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.19 No.11

A respiration is one of the most useful techniques for vital checking and an abnormal respiration is often the earliest sign of critical illness. Detection of respiration is based on the photo-plethysmography (PPG) with photodiode technique. Because PPG sensor using photodiode can be easily miniaturized, it is suitable for wearable devices. A system to measure respiration rate based on PPG signal is implemented and for a reliable measurement an improved algorithm in accuracy using PPG signal pattern is proposed in this paper. As results regarding to three types of respirations (regular interval, free interval, and weak respiration) the proposed algorithm showed error rate of 0.047, 0.067, and 0.122 respectively.

기조강연 “통합이론과 영성: 영성에 대한 통전적 접근”과 발제문 “통합적-영성적 사회복지실천의 필요성”에 대한 토론문 / 박문수

박문수 영성과 사회복지학회 2012 영성과 사회복지학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.-

우선 두 분의 강연과 발제를 통해 많은 배움을 얻게 되어 큰 영광이고, 노고에 감사를 드린다. 기조강연을 통해서는 동서양은 물론 인문학과 자연과학의 경계를 넘나드는 통합적이고 회통적인 호방함을 느낄 수 있었다. 제1발제에서는 영성사회 복지가 제기되는 맥락, 그 중요성과 사회복지 실천과정에서 발생할 수 있는 제 문 제 등을 폭넓게 이해할 수 있었다. 역시 사람은 평생 배워야 한다는 것을 깨달았다. 논자(論者)는 두 분의 글을 읽으면서 고매한 체계를 이해하는데 적잖이 한계를 느 꼈다. 그리스도교의 테두리에 갇혀 살다보니 새롭게 듣고 보게 된 개념, 인물, 사상 들이 적지 않았던 까닭이다. 당연히 두 논문의 내용을 충분히 이해하지 못하였다. 배움과 이해가 더 필요한 상황이다. 이에 어쭙잖은 이해에 기초하여 두 분의 논고 를 비평하여 논자의 무지를 드러내기보다, 배움이 필요한 부분에 대하여 질문을 드 리는 것으로 소임을 다할까 한다.

Paraspinal Abscess Communicated with Epidural Abscess after Extra-Articular Facet Joint Injection

박문수,한수봉,이환모,문성환 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.4

Facet joint injection is considered to be a safe procedure. There have been some reported cases of facet joint pyogenic infection and also 3 cases of facet joint infection spreading to paraspinal muscle and epidural space due to intra-articular injections. To the author's knowledge, paraspinal and epidural abscesses after facet joint injection without facet joint pyogenic infection have not been reported. Here we report a case in which extra-articular facet joint injection resulted in paraspinal and epidural abscesses without facet joint infection. A 50-year- old man presenting with acute back pain and fever was admitted to the hospital. He had the history of diabetes mellitus and had undergone the extra-articular facet joint injection due to a facet joint syndrome diagnosis at a private clinic 5 days earlier. Physical examination showed tenderness over the paraspinal region. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) demonstrated the paraspinal abscess around the fourth and fifth spinous processes with an additional epidural abscess compressing the thecal sac. The facet joints were preserved. The laboratory results showed a white blood cell count of 14.9×109 per liter, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 52mm/hour, and 10.88mg/dL of C-reactive protein. Laminectomy and drainage were performed. The pus was found in the paraspinal muscles, which was communicated with the epidural space through a hole in the ligamentum flavum. Cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. Paraspinal abscess communicated with epidural abscess is a rare complication of extra-articular facet joint injection demonstrating an abscess formation after an invasive procedure near the spine is highly possible.

전라남도 동부지역의 귀화식물 분포 및 관리방안

박문수,임동옥,김하송 한국자원식물학회 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.5

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and urbanization index of the naturalized plants. For this purpose, 7 cities and counties in the eastern area of Jeollanamdo were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, during the period of March 2006 to November 2008. The naturalized plants were identified as 123; 22 families, 75 genera, 118 species, and 5 varieties. As for the urbanization index, Suncheon city had the highest level of urbanization (33.45%) and Gurye county the lowest level of urbanization (20.21%). Classification families were as follows: Compositae 40 kinds (30.1%) Gramineae 17 kinds (12.8%) and Leguminosae 14 kinds (10.5%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 20 communities including Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community, Alnus firma community, Amorpha fruticosa community, Oenothera odorata community, Bidens frondosa community, Coreopsis tinctoria community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa: Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Eupatorium rugosum, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Paspalum distichum. The distributional characteristics of naturalized plants were divided on the basis of six areas associated with ecological characteristics of a habitat. 본 조사는 2006년 3월부터 2008년 11월까지 전라남도 동부지역 7개 시・군 14개 지역의 귀화식물과 도시화지수를 분석하였다. 귀화식물은 총 22과 75속 118종 5변종 123종류가 조사되었다. 조사지역별로는 순천시 시가지가 83종으로 가장 많았고, 여수시 산업단지 66종, 여수시 시가지와 고흥군 도로변이 각각 52종이었다. 낮게 나타난 지역은 순천시 쓰레기매립장과 장흥군 농공단지가 각각 21종, 구례군 지리산국립공원 구례지역이 27종이었다. 도시화지수는 순천시가 30.31%로 가장 높았고, 구례군이 18.12%로 가장 낮았다. 과별 출현 종류는 국화과 37종류(30.1%)로 가장 많았고, 벼과 17종(13.8%), 콩과 14종(11.4%), 십자화과 8종(6.5%), 마디풀과 7종(5.7%), 메꽃과 5종(4.1%) 순이었다. 주요 귀화식물군락은 아까시나무군락, 족제비싸리군락, 원추천인국군락, 털물참새피군락, 서양민들레군락, 미국자리공군락, 양미역취군락, 소리쟁이군락, 개망초군락, 망초군락, 달맞이꽃군락, 미국가막사리군락, 기생초군락, 돼지풀군락, 만수국아재비군락, 울산도깨비바늘군락, 노랑코스모스군락, 애기땅빈대군락, 미국개기장군락, 비짜루국화군락 등 총 20개 군락이 확인되었다. 생태계 위해 귀화식물은 돼지풀, 단풍잎돼지풀, 서양등골나물, 털물참새피, 물참새피 등 5종이었다. 생육지별 특성에 따라 시・군 읍 지역, 국립공원지역, 농공단지 지역, 강 및 하천지역, 쓰레기매립장 지역, 항만 및 산업단지 지역 등 6개 지역으로 구분하였으며, 각 분포지역의 생태적 특성을 비교한 후 관리방안을 제시하였다.

The Association of the Activation-Inducible Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Ligand with Lumbar Disc Herniation

박문수,이환모,한수봉,문성환,김영태,이춘성,정효원,권병세,K. Daniel Riew 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.5

Purpose: Herniated nucleus pulposus fragments are recognized by the immune system as a foreign-body, which results in an autoimmune reaction. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the importance of these costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, their role in the autoimmune reaction to herniated disc fragments has yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the overexpression of AITR and AITRL might be associated with lumbar disc herniation. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 20 symptomatic lumbar disc herniation patients. Ten macroscopically normal control discs were obtained from patients with spinal fractures managed with anterior procedures that involved a discectomy. Peripheral blood samples from both the study patients and controls were collected. The expression levels of AITR and AITRL were investigated by flow cytometric analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The soluble AITR and AITRL serum levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly higher levels of both AITR and AITRL in the lumbar disc herniation patients than in the controls. The AITRL expression levels were also increased in patients with lumbar disc herniation, shown by using confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR. Finally, soluble AITR and AITRL were elevated in the patients with lumbar disc herniations. Conclusion: The AITR and AITRL are increased in both the herniated disc tissue and the peripheral blood of patients with lumbar disc herniation.

퓨로마이신 아미노누클레오사이드 신증에서 사구체 기저막 음이온부위의 초기변화

박문수,고광욱,최용 대한신장학회 1989 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.8 No.1

Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis has been studied as an animal model of human minimal change nephrotic syndrome, however its mechanism of proteinuria is not elucidated clearly. Recently it was found that there are certain fixed, negatively-charged structures, I.e. anionic sites, in the glomerular basement membrane and it was proved by physiological experiment that they restrict the filtration of negatively-charged macromolecules like albumin. The changes of GBM anionic sites in PAN nephrosis have been reported by many authors but the results have varied according to the cationic marker used. The foot process fusion, a well-known electron microscopic feature in minimal change nephrotic syndrome, is thought to be related to the loss of sialoprotein in the glomerular epithelial cell surface, but its relation to proteinuria remains unresolved. To find out whether the changes in GBM anionic sites and foot processes are preceding events or secondary phenomenon to proteinuria, the author induced PAN nephrosis in 30 Wistar rats and recorded quantitatively the sequential changes in the GBM anionic sites and the widths of the foot processes. Then these findings were compared with those in 5 control rats. GBM anionic sites were stained with polyethyleneimine (PEI), a cationic marker, in this study. Twenty four hours after administration of PAN, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of GBM anionic sites compared with the control group (15. 4?1.6 versus 19.5?2.0 per GBM 1,000nm,p$lt;0.05). This change in the number of GBM anionic sites preceded, was directly reflected in, the increase in urinary albumin excretion, which began 36-48 hours after PAN injection. The widening of foot process was observed 72 hours after PAN injection. These findings suggest that GBM anionic sites play an important role as a charge barrier, and that the proteinuria appear as a result of an alteration in this charge barrier. Considering the timing of the foot process fusion, the author believes that it is a secondary phenomenon or an epiphenomenon rather than the cause of proteinuria.

A Comparison of Autologous and Homologous Transfusions in Spinal Fusion

박문수,문성환,김학선,한수봉,박희완,박시영,이환모 연세대학교의과대학 2006 Yonsei medical journal Vol.47 No.6

Autologous transfusion has been used to overcome adverse effects of homologous transfusion. Clinical studies evaluating general orthopaedic postoperative results have been designed to compare these transfusion methods. However, few studies have evaluated postoperative results in spinal fusion surgeries, which have larger blood loss volumes. The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in postoperative infection and clinical results of spinal fusion with autologous, as compared to homologous, blood transfusion. A total of 62 patients who underwent instrumented spinal fusion and received autologous (n = 30) or homologous (n = 32) transfusions were reviewed. Information on gender, age, preoperative and 3-day postoperative hematologic features, total transfused units, segmental estimated blood loss, transfused units, and surgery time were collected. In addition, postoperative infection data on wound infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and viral disease, incidence and duration of fever, as well as clinical results, fusion rates, and patient feedback were collected. No differences in postoperative infection and clinical results were found between the two types of transfusions; however, homologous transfusion was associated with an increased number of total units transfused, longer duration of fever, and decreased patient satisfaction regarding the transfusion.

대학의 연구 부정행위 발생에 관한 실증 연구

박문수,김재현,김도희,이성호,이효빈 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.14 No.1

The awareness of Korea’s research ethics has been significantly changed since Hwang Woo-suk scandal in 2005. The allegations of illegitimate authorships of high-ranking officials’ children and the humidifier sterilizer incident have caused sensations in Korean society. This research tries to find the main cause of ceaselessly occurred research misconducts by focusing on empirical analysis. The previous research pointed out that research misconducts occurred because of the shortage of research ethics trainings, the high competitiveness of research performances, and the light disciplinary system on research misconducts. As a result, this study argues that the lack of investment on research ethics education and intensifying research results competitiveness are the main causes of research misconducts. Thus, it is necessary to refrain from assessing researchers based on research performances, and tries to invest more on educations of research ethics. 한국의 연구 부정행위에 대한 의식변화는 2005년 황우석 사건을 기점으로 확산하였으며 가습기 살균제 사건 청탁 의혹 등 정치인들을 비롯한 고위공직자의 미성년 자녀에 대한 논문 저자 논란 등으로 인하여 사회적 이슈로 확장됐다. 이렇게 끊임없이 발생하는 연구 부정의 직접적인 발생 원인을 찾는 것은 연구공동체와 사회 전반에 매우 중요한 의의가 있다. 본 연구는 왜 대학의 연구 부정행위가 지속해서 발생하느냐는 질문에 대한 원인을 실증적으로 분석하는 데 초점을 두었으며, 연구 부정 발생 원인으로 지목되어온 연구윤리교육 및 연구윤리에 대한 투자 부족, 연구성과 경쟁 심화, 연구 부정행위의 경징계 관행 등을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 연구윤리에 대한 투자 부족과 연구성과에 대한 경쟁 심화가 연구 부정행위를 확대하는 주요 원인인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 연구 부정행위를 감소시키기 위해서는 더욱 적극적으로 연구윤리 교육에 투자하고 연구자 평가에 있어 지나친 양적 연구성과 경쟁을 지양하는 것이 필요하겠다.

연관성시각에서 본 국내 광고Creative의 커뮤니케이션오류에 관한 연구 -2011년 신문광고 중심으로-

박문수 한국일러스아트학회 2012 조형미디어학 Vol.15 No.2

This study has analyzed recent relevance of one hundred advertisements on domestic daily newspaper in 2011 for the purpose of understanding communication error in Korean advertising creative. For that, individual in-depth interviews of five advertising creators(CD) have been conducted to produce a checklist of relevance of advertising creative and to analyze advertisements. Consequently, the checklist of relevance for advertising creative includes three categories: product relevance, target relevance, and brand image relevance. Moreover, each category has three items, which are respectively ① concept, ② product meaning, and ③ credibility; ① target profile, ② sensibility, and ③ interest; and ① brand image, ② B. I. manual, and ③ identity. As a result of analysis of 5-point scale, the positive aspect(5 points + 4 points) in the check of product relevance was 54% while the negative aspect(3 points + 2 points + 1 point) was 46%. In the check of target relevance, the positive aspect(5 points + 4 points) was 32% and the negative aspect(3 points + 2 points + 1 point) was 68%. Lastly, in the check of B.I. relevance, the positive aspect(5 points + 4 points) was 25% while the negative aspect(3 points + 2 points + 1 point) was 75%. Since target and brand image relevance have appeared lower compared with product relevance among the three categories, more attention and effort are required of advertising creators. In conclusion, there are still many advertisements in Korea which are insufficient in a sense of presence and belonging, namely communication error, due to the marginal relevance to the product, the target, and the brand applied to advertising communication. If advertising exists for a brand, more effort to produce ideas relevant to product, target, and brand should be made in advertising creative. It is hoped that this study will be able to contribute to development of Korean advertising creative by helping to interact with consumers and create advertising effect. 본 연구는 한국의 광고 Creative의 커뮤니케이션 오류에 대한 이해를 위해, 2011년도 국내일간지에 게재된 100개의 광고를 대상으로 연관성 현황을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 광고 Creative의 연관성 체크리스트 선정과 광고물분석을 위하여 5인의 광고 크리에이터(CD)를 대상으로 개별 심층인터뷰를 전개하였다. 광고 Creative를 위한 연관성 체크리스트는 1.제품연관성에는 ① concept ② product meaning ③ credibility를, 2.타깃연관성에는 ① target profile ② sensibility ③ interest를, 3.브랜드이미지 연관성에는 ① brand image ② B.I manual ③ identity등 3개 항목에 따른 9개 체크리스트를 선정하였다. 5점 척도분석결과, 제품연관성 체크결과에서는 긍정적 측면(5점+4점)이 54%로 나타났고, 부정적 측면(3점+2점+1점)은46%로 나타났다. 타깃연관성 체크에서는 긍정적 측면(5점+4점)이 32%로 나타났고, 부정적 측면(3점+2점+1점)은 68%로 나타났다. B. I.연관성 체크에서는 긍정적 측면(5점+4점)이 25%로 나타났고, 부정적 측면(3점+2점+1점)은75%로 나타났다. 그리고 3항목 중 제품연관성에 비해 타깃과 브랜드이미지의 연관성은 더욱 낮게 나타나 광고인의 관심과 노력이 더욱 요구된다. 결론적으로 광고커뮤니케이션에 적용한 제품, 타깃, 브랜드 등의 연관성이 약하여 존재감과 소속감이 부족한(커뮤니케이션 오류)광고가 국내에는 아직 많다. 광고가 브랜드를 위해 존재한다면, 광고 Creative에 제품과 타깃, 브랜드의 연관성이 있는 아이디어노력이 이루어져야만 한다. 본 연구가 소비자와 호흡할 수 있고, 광고효과를 창출하는데 도움이 되어 국내광고Creative 발전에 기여하기를 기대한다.

판매활동의 질(質)을 높여라

박문수 한국마케팅연구원 2006 마케팅 Vol.40 No.9