직장항문암에 있어서 Miles씨 술식에 대한 임상적 고찰

박동하,김용덕,문덕진,박주섭 대한대장항문학회 1985 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.1 No.1

더 많은, 더 나은, 더 고른 공공주택이 필요한 시대

박동하,최혜진 경기연구원 2022 이슈&진단 Vol.- No.514

[중학교에서의 우리 말 교육]왜 부동한 말을 썼는가? - 《사소한 사건》 교수후기

박동하 길림성민족사무위원회 1991 중국조선어문 Vol.55 No.-

부천시 나홀로 아파트의 계획적 관리방안 연구

박동하,장윤배,정지이 경기연구원 2022 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify the current situation of stand-alone apartments, which have recently increased significantly in Bucheon city, and to derive a management plan. In Bucheon, considering the aging situation of low-rise residences, geographical requirements close to Seoul, and development of new stations, there is a high possibility that stand-alone apartments will be built in the future. In particular, in Bucheon, the number of stand-alone apartments with less than 30 households being built through building permits has increased significantly in recent years. The problem of stand-alone apartments in Bucheon is the lack of safety and convenience, which are basic requirements for housing, and stand-alone apartments do not play a role in improving the problems of low-rise residential areas. There is no clear definition of stand-alone apartments because it is not a legal term, and it is necessary to define stand-alone apartments focusing on the problems that occur in Bucheon. The definition of stand-alone apartments in Bucheon is defined as an apartment with less than 100 households that faces a road less than 10 m and has little contribution to solving infrastructure problems such as pedestrians and parking. This study proposes to induce the securing of infrastructure by strengthening construction standards in order to overcome the current situation in which stand-alone apartments do not play a role in improving local infrastructure problems. In the case of apartments with less than 30 households receiving a building permit through the amendment of the ordinance, it is proposed to raise the parking lot installation standard by about 20% from the current parking lot installation standard. Besides, It is proposed to consider providing incentives such as floor area ratio as a supplement to the occurrence of retreat of construction lines to secure pedestrian paths. Stand-alone apartments are a type of housing whose supply and demand vary greatly depending on the economic situation, so it is necessary to induce them to have the elements for minimum housing in the long term. In addition, through the revision of the Bucheon City Ordinance, it is proposed to amend the ordinance so that buildings that fall under the definition of stand-alone apartment are subject to architectural deliberation. In addition, it is suggested to use a checklist that can be used during the review so that the architectural review can play a proper role. Since a lot of stand-alone apartments are built in areas where small-scale maintenance projects are carried out, it is necessary to establish the basic principles of management through the basic urban and residential environment maintenance plan. Bucheon needs to present a blueprint for the future of low-rise residential buildings to improve the fundamental management plan for stand-alone apartments, and to reorganize the city management plan system accordingly. The current use zoning system has a limit in inducing harmonious development with the surrounding area because density is more important rather than use. Bucheon needs to choose a strategy from among various use area improvement measures such as flexible use zoning system or subdivision of use area.

생활숙박시설의 실태분석 및 제도 개선 방안

박동하,이외희,박성호 경기연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

This study aims to derive legal and institutional improvement measures by analyzing the actual condition of living accommodation facilities. When the problem of using living accommodation facilities for residential purposes occurred, the central government and Gyeonggi-do announced plans to induce the use of living accommodation facilities for accommodation. Through the revision of the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act in 2021, the central government prepared measures such as improving advertisements for the sale of living accommodation facilities, preparing construction standards for living accommodation facilities, and imposing enforcement fines for residential use. In 2021, Gyeonggi-do revised the ordinance to obtain prior approval from the governor after deliberation by the Building Committee for large-scale living accommodation facilities. As a result of the analysis on living accommodation facilities, facilities used for residential purposes are mainly large-scale facilities located in commercial areas. Some of the living accommodation facilities, however, that are going to be converted into residential officetels face a situation where it is difficult to change their use according to the district unit plan. Also, in some living accommodation facilities, the movement of conversion to residential is insignificant due to problems such as the number of houses owned. Many living accommodation facilities in non-commercial areas are in the form of detached houses or multi-family houses. Due to the newly introduced standard for building living accommodation facilities, there will be a difference in the level of facilities before and after the standards are established. The recent improvement in the legal system for solving the problem of living accommodation facilities is focused on the problem of illegal conversion for residential use. So, despite the recent response of the central government, there are still insufficient responses to problems with the type of living accommodation facilities, functional problems with accommodation facilities, commercial ratio, usage areas and locations, crackdowns on residential use, and operation of living accommodation facilities. Living accommodation facilities in Gyeonggi-do vary widely in usage area, size, and commercial ratio, and more than half of them are located in other use areas such as planned management areas, not commercial areas. Therefore, this study suggests a policy improvement plan using the concept of living accommodation facilities, subdivision and rating of living accommodation facilities, improvement of the operating system, and location management plans. First, it is proposed to overcome the difficulty of cracking down on the illegal use of living accommodation facilities by utilizing the moving-in notification system. Second, it is recommended to improve the convenience of management and use by dividing living accommodation facilities by size and assigning grades. Third, in order to respond to the problems of individual registered accommodations that have already been experienced in pre-sale hotels, the competent ministry is set and detailed measures for the operating system are urged. Finally, it is suggested to discuss the limitations of the current use area and utilize the urban management plan.

질소 시비량, 분시방법 및 유수 형성기의 차광처리에 따른 벼의 영화수 변이

박동하,최일선,이변우 韓國作物學會 2002 한국작물학회지 Vol.47 No.6

일반계인 추청벼, 화성벼와 통일계인 남풍벼를 공시하여 질소시비량(6, 12, 18, 24, 30kg/10a), 분시방법(기비-분얼비-수비; 50-25-25%, 30-30-40%) 및 생식생장기의 차광처리 (유수분화 후 15일, 30일 및 출수전 30일간)가 단위면적당 영화수형성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단위면적당 수수는 질소시비량 24kg/10a까지 시비량의 증가에 따라 직선적으로 증가하였고 분시방법에 따른 차이는 없었다. 생식생장기의 차광처리에 의해 추청벼에서만 수수의 유의한 감소가 나타났는데, 생식생장기 30일간의 차광처리에서 수수의 감소가 가장 크게 나타났다. 2. 수당 1차지경수는 질소시비량 18kg/10a까지 시비량의 증가에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향이었으나 증가폭은 크지 않았으며, 분시방법에 따른 차이는 없었다. 단위면적당 1차지경수는 질소시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였는데 이는 수당 1차지경 증가보다는 단위면적당 수수의 증가가 주원인이었다. 차광에 따라서는 추청벼에서만 단위면적당 1차지경수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며, 이는 수당 1차지경수의 감소에 의한 것이 아니라 단위면적당 수수의 감소에 의한 것이었다. 3. 수당 2차지경 분화수는 질소 12-18kg/10a까지는 시비량의 증가에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향이었으나, 2차지경 퇴화수는 분화수가 많아짐에 따라 증가하여 수당 2차지경수는 질소 시비량에 따른 차이는 작았다 생식생장기의 차광처리에 의해 수당 2차지경분화수에는 차이가 없는 반면, 퇴화 2차지경수에는 큰 차이가 있었다. 단위면적당 2차지경수는 질소시비량이 18kg/10a까지 증가함에 따라 많아졌으나 분시방법에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 차광처리에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다. 4. 단위면적당 영화수는 18-24 kg/10a까지는 질소시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 그 이상에서는 더 이상 증가하지 않았고, 분시방법간에는 차이가 없었다 생식생장기 차광에 의해 단위면적당 영화수가 감소되었는데, 유수분화기후 30일간의 차광처리에서 가장 컸고, 수잉기 15일 차광처리에서 감소정도가 가장 적었다. 5. 단위면적당 영화수의 변이에는 영화수 구성요소중 단위면적당 수수와 2차지경상의 영화수의 변이가 기여하는 정도가 가장 컸으며, 1차지경의 기여도가 가장 적었다. This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effects of nitrogen level and split application method, and shading treatment during reproductive stage on sink formation. Japonica variety Choocheongbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo and indica~times japonica cross type variety Nampoongbyeo were used. Five levels (6 to 30 kg/10a at 6 kg/10a interval) of nitrogen fertilization, and two split application methods (50-25-25% and 30-30-40% as basaltillering-panicle fertilizer) for each nitrogen treatment were applied. In addition shading treatments (shading rate, 65%) were performed for N 12 kg/10a and 24 kg/10a plot. Shading were applied for 30 days from panicle initiation to heading, 15 days from panicle initiation and 15days before heading. Panicle per square meter, and primary rachis branches per panicle and differentiated number of secondary branch per panicle increased according as applied nitrogen amount increased up to 18 to 24 kg/10a, and there was no significant difference between two nitrogen application methods. Primary rachis branch and secondary branch per square meter also increased according as the amount of applied nitrogen increase up to 18 to 24 kg/10a, and there was no significant difference between nitrogen application methods. Panicle per square meter and primary rachis branch per panicle were significantly decreased due to shading treatments only in Choochengbyeo. In all varieties, shading reduced secondary rachis branch per panicle significantly and the reduction was greatest in 30 days shading during reproductive stage. Spikelets per square meter increased according as the amount of applied nitrogen increases up to 18 to 24kg/10a, but showed no move increase above this nitrogen application level. Significant difference was not shown between nitrogen split methods. Spikelets per square meter also decreased significantly due to shading treatment during reproductive stage, showing the greatest reduction by 30 days shading during reproductive stage, and the least by 15 days shading during booting stage. The variation of spikelets per square meter was influenced greatest by the variation of panicles per square meter and spikelets per secondary rachis branch

악성흑색종에 대한 14년간의 임상적 고찰

박동하,박명철,배남석,이일재,서승조 대한성형외과학회 2009 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.36 No.3

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing. Malignant melanoma is already known to have poorer prognosis than other primary skin cancers. Despite the poor prognosis, it is relatively less known to the public so that a number of patients visit hospital carrying advanced stage tumor. Yet, extensive study about malignant melanoma is currently insufficient, and specific guidelines and statistical figures in Korea are almost inexistent. Therefore, authors reviewed patients with malignant melanoma who have visited our hospital for last 14 years. Methods: Between January 1994 and January 2008, 62 patients were diagnosed with malignant melanoma at our hospital. A retrospective study was performed with data from patients' charts and biopsy results. Annual incidence, mean age of onset, gender, tumor location, tumor thickness, pathologic ulceration, clinicopathologic subtype, and clinical AJCC stage were evaluated. Analysis of factors associated with survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan - Meier method was used to generate survival curves. Results: Clinicopathologic features of 62 patients (32 male, 30 female) with average age of 57 years were evaluated. Most lesions were found in lower limb, and the most common subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma. We could also find that age, tumor thickness, and clinical stage were the only significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: Clinicopathologic features of malignant melanoma were analyzed in this study, but the result is not ready to be generalized because the number of cases is too small. Further study must be performed to report clinical guidelines for prognosis and treatment for malignant melanoma patients in Korea.

두꺼운 부분층식피술을 이용한 음경바세린종의 치료

박동하,임효섭,최종보,박명철,정재호,조대성 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.3

두개안면골기형 질환의 치료: 두개골조기유합증과 자세 성사두증

박동하,윤수한 대한의사협회 2012 대한의사협회지 Vol.55 No.9

After the publication of the modern Virchow’s suture fusion hypothesis regarding craniosynostosis,various types of linear craniotomy have been developed. However, after the Moss’s functional matrix hypothesis became known, extensive cranial remodeling surgical procedures have emerged. However, a recent view that the cause of craniosynostosis may be due to gene mutation has led to a tendency toward treating craniosynostosis with minimally invasive surgery including endoscopic surgery and distraction procedures that utilize springs or distractors. As nonsyndromic craniosynostoses are accompanied by unilateral coronal or lambdoid craniosynostosis,and syndromic craniosynostoses are accompanied by facial anomalies, it is presumed that cranial anomalies are accompanied by facial anomalies. However, the “back to sleep”campaign that was initiated in the 1990’s in order to prevent infantile death syndrome led to research in the dramatic increase in the incidence of craniofacial anomalies, which resulted in the establishment of the positional plagiocephaly concept, which has also been ascertained in animal experiments. Despite these advances, the basic problem of whether craniosynostosis is simply a cosmetic anomaly or whether it is a neurological disease that is accompanied by complications such as increased intracranial pressure has not been resolved. The consequent confusion has prevented establishment of the optimal timing for surgery and the type of surgical procedure. The authors of this study review the history of craniosynostosis treatment and attempt to clarify the situation pertaining to the surgical treatment concepts and limitations.

제한적 합리성에 의거한 주택가격과 거래량 관계 형성 요인의 실증분석

박동하,최막중 국토연구원 2018 국토연구 Vol.97 No.-

This paper aims to empirically illuminate the reason of the positive relationship between housing price and trading volume, one of anomalies in real estate market which cannot be explained by traditional economic theory presuming the rationality of human being, from a standpoint of bounded rationality. Based on the micro survey data on housing consumption psychology collected from the first quarter of 2011 to the second quarter of 2015, it investigates the relationship between each respondent’s recognized and predicted scales of quarterly housing price change and its difference between housing owners (potential sellers) and renters (potential buyers) as well as its difference between the periods of price increase and decrease, employing the spline regression model. Three major findings are as follows. First, a positive relationship is found between the recognized and predicted scales of quarterly housing price change, implying that adaptive expectation prevails, compared to rational expectation. Second, wishful thinking is also detected because the owners (renters) predict relatively smaller (larger) decrease in the period of price depreciation, but larger (smaller) increase in the period of price appreciation. As the result the predicted scale of the owners is higher than that of the renters in both periods of price depreciation and appreciation, but the difference is relatively much larger when the price decreases than when it increases. This is the third and the most important finding that verifies the existence of loss aversion of sellers, which causes the asymmetry characterized by small (large) trading volume coupled with price decrease (increase). 본 논문은 인간의 합리성에 기초한 전통 경제이론으로는 설명할 수 없는 부동산시장의 이례적 현상 중의 하나로서 주택의 가격과 거래량 사이에 나타나는 양의 상관관계를 제한적 합리성에 의한 손실회피성 등 시장참여자의 행태를 통해 실증적으로 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 국토연구원의 부동산시장 소비자 심리조사의 개별 응답자 단위 미시자료를 이용하여 과거 주택가격 변화의 인지수준과 미래 예측수준 사이의 관계가 주택의 잠재적 매도자인 소유자와 잠재적 매수자인 임차인에 따라, 그리고 가격상승기와 하락기에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 스플라인 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 실증분석의 결과, 먼저 가격 변화의 인지수준과 예측수준 사이에는 양의 상관관계가 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 적응적 기대의 가격기대심리가 작용하고 있음을 확인해 주는 결과로, 가격상승기(하락기)에는 소유자와 임차인 모두 가격이 지속적으로 상승(하락)할 것으로 기대하고 거래에 임할 것임을 의미한다. 문제는 소유자와 임차인이 각각 ‘어느 정도’ 상승 또는 하락할 것으로 기대하고 있느냐로, 소유자의 입장에서는 가격상승기에 가격이 더 상승하고 하락기에 덜 하락하기를, 반대로 임차인의 입장에서는 상승기에 덜 상승하고 하락기에 더 하락하기를 기대하는 희망적 사고가 발견된다. 이로 인해 가격상승기와 하락기에 모두 매도용의가격이 매수용의가격보다 높게 형성되지만, 중요한 점은 가격하락기의 차이가 상승기에 비해 비대칭적으로 더 크게 나타난다는 사실이다. 이는 결국 최근 가격을 기준으로 할 때 매도자의 입장에서 가격상승에 따른 이득보다 하락에 따른 손실을 심리적으로 더 크게 느끼는 손실회피성에 기인하는 바, 이에 따라 가격하락기에는 소유자가 기대하는 하락폭이 비대칭적으로 더 크게 줄어들기 때문이다. 이러한 결과는 매도자의 손실회피성으로 인해 가격하락기에는 매도용의가격이 매수용의가격보다 높아 거래가 이루어지기 힘들다는 기존의 해석을 실증적으로 뒷받침한다.