모 지역의 소아 백혈병 및 악성림프종 발병 사례와 환경적 요인의 연관성 조사

박동욱,박동욱,최상준,윤간우,김소연,김희윤,박윤경,김원,임상혁,박지훈 한국환경보건학회 2019 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.45 No.3

Objective: A total of five students at same middle school were reported to be diagnosed with pediatric leukemia (n=2), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, n=1) and aplastic anemia (n=2) between 2016 and 2017. The aims of this study are to assess exposure to environmental hazardous agents known to be associated with the risk of leukemia and to examine whether the environment of school is associated with the risk leukemia. Method: A total of 11 environmental agents causing childhood leukemia were monitored using international certified method in schools where patients had ever attended. Radon & Thoron detector was used to monitor realtime airborne radon and thoron level (Bq/m 3 ). Clinician interviewed two among nine patients who agreed to participate in this study in order to examine the association of demographic and genetic factors by individually. Leukemia, NHL, and aplastic anemia were grouped into lymphohematopoietic disorder (LHP). Results: Except for airborne radon level, no environmental agents in school and household where patients may be exposed were found to higher than recommended airborne level. Clinical investigation found no individual factors that may be associated with the risk of LHP. Higher airborne radon level than Korea EPA’s airborne radon criteria (148 Bq/m 3 ) was monitored at most of several after-class room of one elementary school, where two leukemia patients graduated. Significant radon level was not monitored at class-room. Significant exposure to radon of patients was not estimated based on time-activity pattern. Conclusions: Our results have concluded that there have been no environmental factors in school and household environment that may be associated the risk of LHP.

조선 후기 한문학과 ‘자의식의 확대’

박동욱 한국어문교육연구회 2023 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.51 No.1

Self-consciousness is a reflective consciousness that objectifies and reflects one's thoughts and actions. Self-consciousness is a product of modernity, and it means the transition from a social existence to an individual and subjective existence. So, in the late Joseon Dynasty, the self-consciousness was expanded and strengthened as the change from ‘we’ to ‘I’, from ‘past’ to ‘present’, and from ‘society’ to ‘individual’ took place. It made me think deeply about my existence and the reason for my existence, away from following the established order and war crimes. A number of factors contributed to the awakening of self-consciousness. I thought deeply about who I was and constantly asked myself several questions and sought answers. In the process, I desperately realized that I was alone, but I also discussed the good news through solidarity with the same friends, and I also dreamed of becoming a heavenly person from the outside. While trying to get rid of 假我 and looking for 眞我, he did not stop worrying about 實幻 or 眞假. As a result, after many attempts, I recovered my true self and established a different self-image. As my perception of myself changed, there were also significant changes in literature. Rather than trying to get close to a certain war criminal in literature, he tried to raise his voice that only he could show. Changes have occurred not only in literary theory but also in literary attempts, and the change in autobiography is particularly conspicuous. The method of writing names for 居所, 字號, and 文集 was also markedly different from the previous generation. Among them, the character 號 is at the center of change. Most of the previous generations of characters were built on the basis of several principles, so there are not a lot of duplicates. However, when entering this period, not only one character was used, but several characters were used interchangeably depending on the period. In the change of self, we can read the deep contemplation of one's identity. 박동욱, 2023, 조선 후기 한문학과 ‘자의식의 확대’, 어문연구, 197 : 237~264 自意識은 자아의 생각과 행동을 객관화시켜 반성하는 성찰적 의식이다. 자의식은 근대적 산물로 사회적인 존재에서 개별적이고 주체적 존재로의 전환을 의미한다. 그래서 조선 후기에 들어서면 ‘우리’에서 ‘나’, ‘과거’에서 ‘현재’, ‘사회’에서 ‘개인’으로의 변화가 이루어지면서 자의식은 확대되고 강화되었다. 자의식의 각성에는 여러 가지 원인들이 작용했다. 내가 누구인가에 대해 치열하게 고민하고 여러 질문들을 끊임없이 스스로에게 던지고 해답을 구했다. 그 과정 속에서 혼자임을 절박하게 자각하기도 했지만 同類들과의 연대를 통해 友情論을 논하기도 했고, 외부에서 天涯知己를 꿈꾸기도 했다. 假我를 버리고 眞我를 찾으려 노력하면서 實幻이나 眞假에 대해서도 고민을 멈추지 않았다. 그 결과 여러 시도 끝에 참된 나를 회복하고 기존과는 달라진 자아상을 정립해 나갔다. 나에 대한 의식이 달라지면서 문학에 있어서도 유의미한 여러 가지 변화가 생겼다. 문학에서 어떤 전범을 설정하여 가까워지려는 노력보다는, 자신만이 보여줄 수 있는 자기 목소리 내기에 힘썼다. 문학론뿐만 아니라 문학적 시도에도 변화가 일어났으니, 自傳文學에 있어서의 변화가 특히 눈에 띈다. 居所, 字號, 文集에 대한 作名 방식에 있어서도 전대와는 확연히 달라졌다. 그중에서도 字號가 변화의 중심에 있다. 대개 전대의 字號들은 몇 개의 원칙에 입각해 지어졌기 때문에 중복되는 것들도 적지 않다. 그러나 이 시기에 들어서면 하나의 자호만이 아니라 시기에 따라 여러 개의 자호를 바꾸어 사용하곤 했다. 자호의 변화 속에서 자신의 정체성에 대한 깊은 고심을 읽을 수 있다.

Structural Relationship about Pedestrian Vibrancy and Street Environment in Central Areas of Kyoto, Seoul, Beijing and Florence

박동욱,Dai Nakagawa,Ryoji Matsunaka,Tetsuharu Oba 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2012 도시과학국제저널 Vol.16 No.2

In several city centers around the world, there has been a trend to restrain the entry of automobiles and to improve pedestrian movement. It is to create the central areas vibrant with people. However,it is not clear which factors affect vibrancy and how they are related in the city center. We surveyed pedestrians as well as relevant factors on each street in central areas of Kyoto, Seoul,Beijing, and Florence to elucidate the relationship between vibrancy and street environment. Then,structural equation modeling was performed with the survey data to determine the structural relationship between pedestrian vibrancy and street environment. In central areas of these four cities, it is clear that pedestrian comfort has a direct and indirect positive effect on vibrancy although the existence of parking areas has a negative effect on vibrancy.

하늘을 울린 50여 일간의 간병 기록 : 하익범의 「아버지가 약 시중하던 때의 일기(家大人侍湯時日記)」

박동욱 태학사 2020 문헌과 해석 Vol.86 No.-

대청호 일부 수역의 성층화현상과 조류의 1차생산성에 관한 조사연구

박동욱,이홍근 한국물환경학회 1986 한국물환경학회지 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried our to investigate the properties of thermal stratification, algal productivity, and the vertical distribution of dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-a at Three stations of right bank in DAECHUNG Lake during the period from June to August, 1985, for the purpose of finding out the primary productivity of phytoplankton while summer stratification occurs. The following results were obtained: The stratification were showed obviously by difference of dissolved oxygen concentration water temperature, the average concentration of dissolved oxygen at hypolimnion layer was 5.7mg/1. The a average concentration of gross production at epilimnion layer was 0.70 O_2 mg/1/day in June, 0.97 O_2 mg/1/day in July, 1.30 O_2 mg/1/day in Aug, which was abruptly decreased at thermo cline layer. The average concentration of total phosphorous at hypolimnion layer was 0.059 mg/1 in June, 0.044 mg/1 in July, 0.321 mg/1 in Aug., which was over Vollenweider's eutrophic standard 0.04 mg/1. The average amount of chlorophyll-a at epilimnion layer was 9.9 mg/m^3 in June, 6.3 mg/m^3 July, 23.9 mg/m^3 in Aug. It is guessed that the growth level of phytoplankton was large. A highly significant correlation was found between total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a at the epilimnion layer (r = 0.85 p : 0.01). Therefore it could be confirmed that phosphorous was the limiting factor to algal growth.

분말 사출성형법으로 제조된 T42 고속도 공구강의 소결거동

박동욱,김혜성,권영삼,조권구,임수근,안인섭,Park, Dong-Wook,Kim, Hye-Seong,Kwon, Young-Sam,Cho, Kwon-Koo,Lim, Su-Gun,Ahn, In-Shup 한국분말야금학회 2012 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.19 No.2

Tool steels serve a large range of applications including hot and cold workings of metals and injection mouldings of plastics or light alloys. The high speed steels (HSS) are specifically used as cutting tools and wear parts because it has high strength, wear resistance and hardness along with appreciable toughness and fatigue resistance. From the view of HSS microstructure, it can be described as metallic matrix composites formed by a ferrous with a dispersion of hard and wear resistant carbides. The experimental specimens were manufactured using the PIM with T42 powders (50~80 vol.%) and polymer (20~50 vol.%). The green parts were debinded in n-hexane solution at $60^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours and thermal debinded at an $N_2-H_2$ mixed gas atmosphere for 8 hours. Specimens were sintered in high vacuum ($10^{-5}$ Torr) and various temperatures.

치매노인의 인권과 돌봄을 위한 헌법적 소고

박동욱,김대환 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2021 서울법학 Vol.29 No.3

치매인구의 증가는 세계적 추세다. 하지만 특히 우리나라는 고령사회 진입 속도가 매우 빨라 향후 노인치매환자는 2020년 832,795명에서 2025년에는 1백만 명, 2040년에는 2백만 명, 2050년에는 3백만 명을 넘기면서 급속히 증가할 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이에 세계는 치매(癡呆)를 치료하기 위하여 전 지구적으로 신 약물 개발에 매진하고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 미국 식약청에서 승인된 치료제는 치매 증상의 완화 작용 정도에 머물고 있으며 치매 증상의 진행을 근원적으로 억제하는 치료제는 전무한 상황이다. 의학상으로는 치매(dementia)를 ‘신경성 인지장애(Neurocognitive disorder)’로 부르며, 치매의 의미를 대체하는 새로운 용어로서 정신질환의 대표적인 조현병과는 전혀 다르다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리 사회는 치매노인을 이른바 정신이 나간 노인, 즉 노망인(老妄人)이라는 가공된 편견을 갖고 생활공동체에서 차별하며 격리하고 있다. 이러한 스티그마적(stigma) 인습은 결국 치매노인의 기본적 인권을 보이지 않는 사각지대로 내몰고 있다. 치매노인의 신체적 영역도 당연히 인간 자체로의 의미를 지닌 개체적 존재로서 자존심과 존재가치를 나타내는 육체적 공간개념이다. 이것은 어떤 경우에도 치매노인에게 학대를 가해서는 안 되는 이유이고 근거이다. 그러나 항시적 돌봄에 의존할 수밖에 없는 치매노인에게 신체적・정신적・정서적・성적 폭력 등의 가혹행위나 경제적 착취, 유기, 방임 등을 행사하는 패륜적 학대는 노인시설 공간이나 부양의무자의 가정 공간 내에서 고의적이고 반복적으로 일어나고 있다. 「대한민국헌법」 제11조는 모든 국민은 법 앞에 평등함을 천명하고 있다. 그러나 치매노인들과 관련하여서는 현실적으로 모든 인간이 평등하다고 인식하지 않는다. 헌법에 모두가 평등한 권리를 가지고 태어났다고 선언하고 있지만, 실제 치매노인은 심각한 차별을 받고 있다. 이 논문에서는 위와 같은 치매노인의 학대와 인권 특히, 평등에 관한 현안을 논쟁적 주제로 등장시켜 공공윤리로 정의되는 돌봄을 윤리적 기제로 강제하고, 「대한민국헌법」 제10조의 인간 존엄과 가치, 헌법 제34조의 인간다운 생활을 할 권리, 헌법 제37조 제2항의 국민의 자유와 권리의 본질적인 내용을 침해할 수 없다는 규정으로부터 치매노인의 인권보장과 학대 방지를 위한 국가의 의무와 책임을 도출하고자 한다. The dementia population is globally increasing, especially the prevalence rate of dementia is relatively becoming higher in Korea than in other countries. It is estimated that the number of older people with dementia will increase from 832,795 in 2020 to 1 million in 2025, 2 million in 2040, and 3 million in 2050. Although the prevalence of dementia is a global issue and many countries are making an effort to develop new medicine for dementia, the current remedies for dementia are for alleviating or slowing down the progression of dementia symptoms rather than fundamentally inhibiting the occurrence. In terms of medical definition, dementia is a “neurocognitive disorder.” However, due to the prevailing misconception about dementia symptoms, it is occasionally confused with schizophrenia even though the symptoms and treatment approach should be completely differentiated. This misconception and negative stereotypes on dementia may lead to social issues, such as discriminating or isolating the older people with dementia based on the negative prejudice and stigma. These negative perspectives are problematic in that the stigmatizing may cause a threat to the basic human rights of older people with dementia. Specifically, physical abuse to harm human rights for older people with dementia is a serious issue. As the physical spatial concept, the body of the older people with dementia should be respected in terms of the human being’s dignity with one person’s pride and value. However, family members' or caregivers’ abuse of older people with dementia is covertly occurring in their own homes or nursing homes. The abusive behaviors appear in several types, such as physical, mental, emotional and sexual violence, economic exploitation, abandonment or neglect. Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea declares that everyone is equal before the law. Therefore, considering the human rights equally guaranteed for everyone, the abuse of older people with dementia is highly concerning in constitutional law that states equal basic human rights. This paper aims to urge the government’s obligation and responsibility to guarantee and protect basic human rights of the older people with dementia based on Articles 10, 34, and 37(2) of the Constitution that state human dignity and the right to be protected under the law.

日帝强占期 殉國 絶命詩의 意味와 轉變

박동욱 한국어문교육연구회 2017 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.45 No.1

There were numerous patriotic deaths for self-purification for expressing the wills to follow the country’s fate by taking own life all over the country after the national humiliation losing the sovereignty on Aug. 29, 1910. At the time, the intellectuals couldn’t help watching the loss of sovereignty. They might feel tremendous sense of helplessness and loss as the people of ruined country as if they became the sympathizer of the collapse of the country. They couldn’t help making the extreme selection that was patriotic death. Such people wrote the patriotic death poems when they determined the patriotic death or the execution was determined. Even though they faced the death with the sadness which they couldn’t see the liberation of their country, they resolutely selected the death beyond the fear on death and enhanced their resolution on the desperate resistance. Furthermore, it is remarkable that the patriotic death poems borrowed the rhyming words from other poems especially during the late Joseon period. Those poems borrowed the rhyming words from the famous patriotic death poems written in the previous period or those written by patriots dying for the country. When a number of people changed their names into Japanese names for success in their life, those who wrote patriotic death poems changed their pen names or nick names after changing their names into Japanese names. It was a positive resistance to the filthy world. A number of patriots selected death as throwing their life away like a grass. 1910년 8월 29일 國權을 喪失한 庚戌國恥 이후 全國에서 스스로 목숨을 끊어 나라를 따른다는 의미의 自靖殉國이 줄을 이었다. 이는 나라를 잃은 知識人이 할 수 있는 가장 强力하고 極端的인 抵抗의 方式이었다. 1910년대 말까지 抗日 自靖殉國者는 90여명으로 알려져 있는데, 그들 중 상당수는 죽음에 임해 絶命詩를 남겼다. 일제강점기에 유독 절명시에 대한 次韻 현상이 두드러진다. 전대에 지어진 유명한 절명시나 순절한 애국지사의 절명시가 그 대상이었다. 당시 절명시가 널리 읽혔던 것을 확인할 수 있다. 많은 애국지사들이 자신의 목숨을 초개처럼 버리면서 죽음의 길로 스스로 걸어 들어갔다. 연구자들 중에도 당시 이렇게 많은 지식인들이 殉國을 선택했던 사실에 대해 모르는 경우가 많다. 시대가 변했고 이들의 목소리 또한 많이 희미해졌지만 남은 우리들은 오랫동안 기억할 필요가 있다.

금속가공 공정에서 사용하는 MWF에 대한 측정방법의 문제점 고찰

박동욱,김신범,신철임 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1998 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

미국 대두산업 시찰기 - 광활한 대륙에서 새로운 희망을 찾다!

박동욱,Park, Dong-Uk 한국사료협회 2012 飼料 Vol.59 No.-