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Unmet Clinical Needs in the Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Cancer
김원배,전민지,김원구,김태용,송영기,김원배 대한내분비학회 2020 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.35 No.1
The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is a worldwide phenomenon; however, the issue of overdiagnosis has been most prominent in South Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in Korea steeply increased from 1985 to 2004 (from 0.17per 100,000 to 0.85 per 100,000), and then decreased until 2015 to 0.42 per 100,000, suggesting that early detection reduced mortality. However, early detection of thyroid cancer may be cost-ineffective, considering its very high prevalence and indolent course. Therefore, risk stratification and tailored management are vitally important, but many prognostic markers can only be evaluatedpostoperatively. Discovery of preoperative marker(s), especially for small cancers, is the most important unmet clinical need for thyroid cancer. Herein, we discuss some such factors that we recently discovered. Another unmet clinical need is better treatment of radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and undifferentiated cancers. Although sorafenib and lenvatinib areavailable, better drugs are needed. We found that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a critical enzyme for serine biosynthesis, couldbe a novel therapeutic target, and that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a prognostic marker of survival in patients with anaplasticthyroid carcinoma or RAIR DTC. Deeper insights are needed into tumor-host interactions in thyroid cancer to improve treatment.
김원배,김숙환,권영각,장래웅,배석천 대한용접접합학회 1991 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.9 No.4
The direct brazing technology which could be used for the simplification of brazing process and the improvement of brazed joint quality was studied with $Al_2O_3$ and stainless steels. The brazing of $Al_2O_3$ to STS304 or STS430 was performed under different brazing conditions such as brazing filler metal, temperature, heating rate and brazing time. Microstructural observation and chemical analysis be SEM/EPAM were carried out to verify the quality of brazed joints. 4-point bending strength of brazed joints was also measured to find the optimal brazing conditions. The results showed that, in brazing of $Al_2O_3$, the mixed oxide layer resulted from the reaction between Ti in filler metal and oxide layer on the material surface to be brazed was found to be bery important for the joint quality. The width of oxide layer varied with the brazing conditions such as brazing time, heating rate and chemical composition of filler metals. The strength of brazed joints was more affected by the type of materials and their thermal properties than by brazing heat cycle.