미국의 민간(상업) 우주교통관리(Space Traffic Management, STM) 정책과 한국에의 시사점

김시은,정영진,Kim, Syeun,Jung, Yungjin 한국우주과학회 2021 우주기술과 응용 Vol.1 No.1

미국은 1960년대부터 민간 우주발사를 장려하기 위한 정책들을 수립해 왔다. 구체적으로는 인공위성의 제작 및 상용발사 공급자의 역할을 확대하기 위한 정책들을 펼쳐왔는데, 이를 위해서는 민간의 우주발사를 위한 프로세스를 정립할 필요가 있었다. 우주활동 초기에는 전체 발사 비율 중 민간 발사가 차지하는 비율이 적었으나, 1990년대 이후 꾸준히 증가해오다, 최근 대형 민간 우주기업들이 거대 프로젝트를 제시하며, 전체 발사 비율의 50% 이상을 차지하기에 이르렀다. 이와 같이 발사 주체의 다양화 및 궤도 상 우주물체의 증가는 기존의 우주환경 관리 프로세스의 관점을 변화시키는 계기가 되었다. 우주기술에 대한 진입 문턱이 낮아지며 우주물체의 운용기관 및 발사기관의 수가 획기적으로 증가하였고, 지난 60여 년간 누적된 우주쓰레기는 안전하고 안정적이며 지속가능한 우주 이용을 위협하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 민간의 우주발사가 가장 활발한 미국에서 상업우주발사를 관리하기 위한 프로세스가 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 미국은 국방부, 상무부, 교통부, 항공우주국 등의 기관에 우주교통관리 서비스 기능을 분배하여 운영 및 제공하고 있다. 민간의 우주발사 활성화에 따른 미국의 우주교통관리 정책 변화에 대한 고찰은 향후 우리나라에서도 현실화 될 것으로 예상되는 민간의 우주발사에 대한 관리에도 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. Since the 1960s, the United States has developed and implemented policies to encourage commercial space launches. Specifically, national policies have been implementing to expand the role of commercial space actors, which required establishing a process for private space launches. In the early days of the space age, private launches accounted for a small portion of the total launch rate, but, since the 1990s, the proportion has exploded, with private space companies presenting large projects one after another, accounting for more than 50% of the total launch rate. This diversification of space actors and the increase in orbital space objects have led to changes in the perspectives of existing space environmental management processes. During and after the Cold War, when the space age began, civilian actors' actions were limited, and policies limited their actions, too. So they had little impact on government space activities. However, space technology's entry barrier has lowered since, and policies to facilitate commercial space launches have been implemented for a long, and the accumulated amount of space waste over the past 60 years is also threatening the safety, stability, and sustainability of space use. This paper examined how the United States, the most active country in commercial space launches, has managed commercial space launches. The United States has a Space Traffic Management (STM), distributed to departments such as the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, Department of Transport, NASA, etc. A review of changes in U.S STM management policy could also provide implications for us to manage commercial space launches in Korea.

코골이가 수면무호흡증의 중증도를 예측할 수 있을까?

김시은,박봉수,박시형,신경진,하삼열,박진세,박강민,Kim, Si Eun,Park, Bong Soo,Park, Si Hyung,Shin, Kyong Jin,Ha, Sam Yeol,Park, Jin Se,Park, Kang Min The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2015 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.17 No.2

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of snoring frequency in the diagnosis and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Patients who underwent polysomnography with one or more of the following characteristics were included: 1) sleepiness, non-restorative sleep, fatigue, or insomnia symptoms; 2) arousal due to cessation of breathing or the occurrence of gasping or choking when waking up; and 3) habitual snoring, breathing interruptions, or both, noted by a bed partner or other observer. We analyzed the differences in clinical and polysomnographic variables between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea and investigated the associations of those variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Results: One hundred ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria, and 145 of the 193 patients were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that large neck circumference (p = 0.0054) and high snoring index (p = 0.0119) were independent predictors for obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, between the obstructive sleep apnea severity groups, there was a strong tendency of difference in body mass index (p = 0.0441) and neck circumference (p = 0.0846). However, there was no significant difference in snoring frequency according to obstructive sleep apnea severity (p = 0.4914). Conclusions: We confirmed that snoring frequency is a predictor of obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, we showed for the first time that snoring frequency is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity, thus it is not a valuable marker for predicting obstructive sleep apnea severity.

로봇 청소기의 사례조사를 통한 사용상의 문제유형 연구

김시은(Sieun Kim),김태완(Taewan Kim),김한결(Hankyeol Kim),유연화(Yeonhwa Yu),김현정(Hyeonjeong Kim) 한국디자인학회 2022 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

하이퍼텍스트를 응용한 인터랙티브미디어 영상의 쌍방향성 연출

김시은(Kim, See Eun),최승원(Choi, Seung Won) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.14 No.3

컴퓨터와 인터넷의 발전은 멀티미디어에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 컴퓨터와 인터넷의 발전 및 스마트하드웨어의 등장으로 영상미디어는 기존의 한방향성에서 머물지 않고 쌍방향성을 가진 인터랙티브 콘텐츠로 발전하였으며 이는 작품의 연출 및 제작방법에도 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 인터랙티브미디어 영상의 경우에 쌍방향성이 효과적으로 사용된 작품을 제작하기 위해서 다양한 연출방법이 시도되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 인터랙티브미디어 영상의 쌍방향성 연출을 위하여 하이퍼텍스트 구조를 응용한 연출방법을 제시하였으며, 이러한 연출방법이 인터랙티브미디어 영상의 연출에 효과적인지 그 효용성에 관해 사례를 들어 설명하였다. 우선 하이퍼텍스트 구조의 특징을 간단히 정리하였으며 이를 인터랙티브미디어 영상의 쌍방향성 연출에 접목시켰다. 구체적인 설명을 위해서 인터랙티브미디어 영상, 작품명 ‘두개의 방(미술관 속 혼합실험실, 부제: Interactive media art & Experimental mixing, 예술의 전당, 2006)’의 작품을 사례로 들었으며 물체를 이용한 연출과 배경을 이용한 연출로 구분하여 설명하였다. The development of computer and internet has affected to the multi-media overall. The emergence of smart devices followed by the development of computer and internet has led moving images to an interactive contents from a one way show, which ultimately affected directing and production. Furthermore, several directing methods have been tried to applying to produce an effective interactive work in the interactive moving images. This study will demonstrate new directing modules to make an effective interaction for interactive moving images using hypertext and describe effectiveness of those modules for directing of interactive moving images using some cases. First of all, the attribute of hypertext were defined, and then the hypertext structure was applied to directing of interactive moving images. To express of concrete directing modules, examples of art works are used ? works of “Two Rooms”(Mixing Lab in a Museum; Interactive media art & Experimental mixing, Seoul Art Center, 2006), and the directing modules classification was made through objects and background.

재활병원 입원 환자의 수면장애 관련요인

김시은 ( Si Eun Kim ),이재민 ( Jae Min Lee ),이해정 ( Hae Jung Lee ) 부산대학교 간호과학연구소 2015 글로벌 건강과 간호 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors of sleep disturbance of patients in rehabilitation hospital. Methods: The participants were 64 inpatients who admitted to rehabilitation hospital of a university hospital in Y city. The questionnaire used in this study included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), environmental and physical factors which were redesigned by the researcher based on sleep quality developed by Choi, and the Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD). The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson-correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The mean PSQI score was 7.56∂4.07 and poor sleeper group was 78.1%. Sleep disturbance was related to sound catching shoes ; medical team``s bustling action, mechanical alarm or noise, emergency on ward, frequent nursing performance, uncomfortable bed·patient gown·pillow, devices attached, physical discomfort (pain), and anxiety. Total explanatory power of anxiety, physical discomfort (pain) and mechanical alarm or noise in the variance of sleep quality was 33.3%. Conclusion: These results suggest that personal and environmental factors should be considered together in developing the nursing interventions to improve sleep quality in rehabilitation hospital. As well as reducing mechanical alarm and noise, managing physical discomfort and anxiety is essential to improve quality of sleep.

정책범위의 확장과 국민의식 간의 합의

김시은(Syeun Kim),홍정유(Jeongyoo Hong) 한국기술혁신학회 2017 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

지난 2017년 1월 17일, 우리나라는 재난 및 안전관리기본법의 자연재난에 우주물체의 추락 · 충돌로 인한 재난을 포함시켰다. 이는 ’14 진주운석 추락 등 잇따른 우주재난에 대한 국제적 관심고조 및 이에 대한 대비의 필요성 제기 등이 바탕이 된 것으로, 우주재난에 대한 국가적 관리의 필요성이 현안에 반영된 결과이다. 한편, 기존정책의 범위가 축소되거나 확장되는 등 변화가 발생할 때 해당 정책이 효과적으로 집행되기 위해서는 정책의 실질적 집행 효과를 경험하는 대상이 되는 정책적 고객이 정책의 변경내용을 인지하고 해당 정책에 대하여 공감하는 것이 중요하다. 우주재난의 경우 재난 및 안전관리기본법에 기존에 포함되어있던 기타 자연재난과 비교할 때, 그 위험도나 피해정도 등이 대중에게 어떠한 평가를 받고 있으며, 특히 기타 자연재난과 비교할 때 같은 맥락으로 이해되고 있는지를 파악하여 향후 세부 정책에 반영할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 「우리나라 국민의 우주위험인식 수준과 국가 재난정책」의 후속연구로서 2016년 9월 발생한 경주지진 전 후 자연재난에 대한 국민의 인식에 변화가 있는지를 분석하여 이를 토대로 우주재난에 대한 국민의 인식을 설명하고 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

대중문화의 병리적 측면과 샤덴프로이데 -영화 〈헝거게임: 판엠의 불꽃〉을 중심으로

김시은(Kim, Si-eun),이효원(Lee, Huo-won) 글로컬창의산업연구센터 2019 글로컬창의문화연구 Vol.8 No.2

This study is to examine the pathological aspect of popular culture and the association between Shadenfreude, focusing on Gary Ross"s film 〈The Hunger Games, 2012〉 based on Suzanne Collins"s 『The Hunger Games, 2008』. First, this study examines Shadenfreude and the cases where Shadenfreude"s emotion were maximized in the actual society, examines the feelings and essence of Shadenfreude, and secondly, examined the pathological phenomenon of popular culture and popular culture, and thirdly, examines how the pathological phenomenon of popular culture and Shadenfreude are revealed in the film. This study is to say that there is a Shadenfreude in the pathological phenomenon of popular culture, and that it is also a pathological phenomenon of popular culture to freely enjoy Shadenfreude. In addition, Shadenfreude is a natural instinct that humans have learned from evolving, but it isn’t necessary to deliberate to induce it in popular culture and to become a cultural phenomenon, and we should develop an attitude to objectively look at popular culture as a cultural subject.

실내공간의 색채와 천장높이가 사용자의 회복감에 미치는 영향에 관한 뇌파(EEG) 분석 - 교육시설 실내 공용공간을 중심으로 -

김시은(Kim, Sieun),하미경(Ha, Mikyoung) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.2

Intentionally involving color and factoring ceiling heights in the design aspect of public spaces such as educational facilities, carries with it a potential to contribute to the emotional recovery of ordinary individuals. This study analyzes the restorative effect of color and ceiling height in 50 participants through EEG measurements. They were divided into two groups where a quasi-experiment was performed to measure relative alpha and beta waves and perceived restorativeness (PR) while viewing four 3D images of indoor lounge spaces on college campuses. Group A was assigned soft tones with low saturation and high brightness, most associated with having a positive effect on recovery. Group B was assigned vivid tones with high saturation and medium brightness, most associated with having a negative effect on recovery. The results indicated that group A experienced a restorative effect in both EEG and PR unlike group B. Higher relative alpha and lower relative beta were observed in cool colors over warm ones, and noticeable in spaces with high ceilings rather than with low ones, indicating a relaxed state with higher restorativeness. Based on this study, it was confirmed that ceiling height takes precedence over color; spaces with high ceilings and cool colors are helpful for recovery and relaxation purposes. In addition, higher relative beta was observed in warm colors with medium brightness and high saturation with a high ceiling, indicative of arousal. However, this response was restricted to EEG results, making it necessary to consider the physiological response of users during spatial evaluation.

생체신호 측정기반 사용자의 긍정적인 감정에 영향을 미치는 건축설계요소의 특성

김시은(Kim, Sieun),하미경(Ha, Mikyoung) 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.40 No.1

This paper aims to derive the attributes of architectural design elements and biometric indicators that affect the user’s positive emotion through the synthesis of previous studies and to confirm the feasibility of measuring bio-signals as an objective evaluation tool for architectural design and as a quantitative research method. As a result, the biometric data from EEG, ECG, EMG, GSR, and eye-tracking were used to measure the participants’ emotional responses. The attributes of Architectural design elements related to the positive emotion were the curved shape, high ceiling, openness of space, and soft tone colors. Standard lighting conditions and wooden spaces were related to stress reduction in terms of comfort and relaxation. Therefore we confirmed the feasibility of the emotional response measurement by using the biometric data.

숏(shot)을 활용한 웹툰의 연출 기법

김시은(See-Eun Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.7

웹툰의 발전은 스마트디바이스의 발전과 함께 가속화 되었다. 거리와 지하철 등에서 스마트폰으로 웹툰과 같은 디지털콘텐츠를 즐기는 것은 신세대들만의 전유물이 아닌 넓은 세대에 걸쳐 많은 사람들의 일상이 되었다. 스마트디바이스의 등장과 더불어 웹툰시장은 급격히 성장하였으며 다양한 주제와 장르의 웹툰들이 쏟아져 나오고 있다. 웹툰시장의 성장은 작가들에게는 좋은 기회가 되고 있으나 반면에 경쟁이 심해지고 낮은 완성도로는 독자들을 만족시키기 어려워졌다. 독자들을 만족시킬 수 있는 웹툰을 만들기 위해 재미있는 스토리와 함께 그것을 효과적으로 보여줄 수 있는 연출이 작가들에게 중요한 숙제로 여겨지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 애니메이션의 요소 중 숏(shot)을 활용한 연출방법이 웹툰의 효과적인 연출을 위해 활용이 가능하다는 것을 입증하고자 하였다. 이를 설명하기 위해 웹툰의 특징 및 애니메이션과의 연관성에 관해 정리하고 구체적인 설명을 위해서 성공적인 스토리텔링과 연출로 대중적인 인기를 끌고 있는 웹툰, 류기운/문정후의 ‘고수(2015)’를 주요 사례로 들었으며 인물구도 숏 연출과 시간 숏 연출로 구분하여 설명하였다. The development of webtoon accelerated with development of smart devices. It became a daily life to enjoy digital contents such as webtoon using smartphones on the streets and subways, not just for the novelty of the new generation. With the advent of smart devices, the webtoon market has grown rapidly and webtoons of various themes and genres are pouring out. The growth of webtoon market is a good opportunity for artists, but competition is getting worse and it is difficult to satisfy readers with low quality. In order to create webtoon that can satisfy the readers, the artists are considered as important homework that can show the interesting story and show it effectively. In this study, I tried to prove that the method of directing using shot among the elements of animation can be utilized for directing webtoon effectively. In order to explain this, I have tried to explain the characteristics of webtoon and its relation with animation, and I chose the most important example of webtoon, Ko Soo(Ryu Ki woon, Moon jeong hu, 2015), which has been popularized with successful storytelling and directing, and described character shot and time transition shot.