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김성배 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2016 평화연구 Vol.18 No.2
북한 건국 초기의 자주 개념은 구한말, 식민지 시대의 독립자주, 자주독립 개념과 질적으로 차별적인 것은 아니었으며 오히려 민주기지 건설과 한국전쟁 수행에 필요한 소련의 원조와 지지를 획득하기 위해 국가적 자율성의 희생을 감수하는 제한적 자주 개념이었다. 주체사상에 이르러 북한의 자주 개념은 극단적 자율성, 특히 대국으로부터의 자율성, 독자성, 자위⋅자립적 맥락에서의 자주를 강조하는 방향으로 변화했다. 주체사상 맥락에서의 자주 개념이 내포하는 중요한 특징은 혁명 및 통일과 불가분의 관계에 있다는 것이다. 소위 전조선혁명에 대한 김일성의 집착과 남조선혁명에 대한 기대가 자주노선 주창의 배경으로 작용하고 있다. 김일성 유일지배체제 확립 과정에서 북한의 자주 개념은 ‘자주성’이라는 메타이론적 개념으로 격상되면서 인간과 사물의 속성으로 정의되었다. 사회주의권 붕괴와 김일성의 사망 이후 에는 소위 고난의 행군을 거치면서 더욱 극단적인 자주노선을 채택하기에 이른다. 자주성에 대한 북한의 집착은 자신의 능력에 대한 과신과 자주노선 불패 신화로 이어졌다. 핵무기 개발이 본격화된 이후로는 핵무기가 북한의 자주성을 담보하는 실체로 부각되었으며 김정은 시대에 들어와서는 심지어 핵무기와 탄도미사일이 물신화되는 지경에까지 이르렀다. 북한에서 자주의 긴 여정이 핵자주로 끝날지의 여부는 김정은 정권의 선택에 달려있다. The concept of autonomy in its initial stage of North Korea was not far from that of late Chosun and Korean colonial era. Even, In a sense, it was a very limited concept that sacrificed national autonomy to acquire Soviet Union's military and economic assistance and support. With advocacy of ‘Juche,’ North Korean concept of autonomy started to emphasize extremely the independence from great powers. In the process of Kim Il-Sung overwhelming dictatorship, the concept of autonomy was promoted to meta-theoretical one and defined as essential properties of the people. During Kim Jong-Il era, a myth that autonomous policy always wins was brought to birth. Since North Korea developed nuclear program, nuclear weapons have appeared as entities guaranteeing national autonomy. Even in Kim Jong-Un era, reification of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles have occurred.
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김성배 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2010 평화연구 Vol.18 No.2
After the sinking of the ROK Navy corvette Chonan on March 26, 2010, the situation on the Korean Peninsula has rapidly deteriorated, prospects for the Six‐Party Talks are also very negative. Today, for inter‐Korean relations to resume, a whole new framework is needed given the nullification of all existing North‐South agreements. Such a renewed relationship can only be achieved through a third inter‐Korean summit. Moreover, progress on the North Korean nuclear issue is impossible until the current state of North‐South relations is improved. In the end, the only solution is an inter‐Korean summit, which could bring a breakthrough in both North‐South relations and the nuclear issue at the same time. An agreement to resume Six‐Party Talks without any precondition would be the minimum contribution of any inter‐Korean summit. If North Korea were to declare a moratorium on nuclear testing as a result of an inter‐Korean summit, that would also significantly contribute to DPRK denuclearization. Such actions do not have to be agreed upon within the Six‐Party Talks because they could be unilateral decisions made by Pyongyang. Another minimum achievement would be to secure North Korea’s commitment to denuclearization in Kim Jong‐Il's own words and then to insert those comments into a joint statement at the end of the summit. The Obama and Lee administrations must closely cooperate to achieve such objectives in an inter‐Korean summit. The two administrations have already declared a common “comprehensive” approach to the North Korean nuclear issue. Feasible achievements in an inter‐Korean summit can serve as elements of this “comprehensive package.”
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김성배,Hyun Joo Kim,Chang Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.2
The effects of surfactants on the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis stages of recycled newspaper processing were examined. Newspaper substrate was pretreated with surfactants at 40℃ and 400 rpm for 1 h, and the enzymatic digestibilities of the pretreated substrate were compared. NP-20 was 10~20% more effective as a surfactant than Tween-20 and Tween-80. To investigate the effects of the surfactants on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis stage, the newspaper was pretreated with NP-20 and then hydrolyzed in the presence of TW-20 or TW-80. TW-80 showed an approximate 7% higher digestibility than TW-20. The surfactant effect on the hydrolysis of the untreated newspaper was significant, whereas the surfactant effect on the hydrolysis of the surfactant-pretreated newspaper was marginal. When the digestibilities of the pure cellulose substrates (α-cellulose and filter paper) were examined, markedly different surfactant effects were observed. In contrast to the newspaper substrate, the surfactant-pretreated pure cellulose substrates had a significant effect on digestibility when they were hydrolyzed in the presence of a surfactant, indicating that the surfactant effect on digestibility is highly dependent on substrate type.
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