經濟規制의 脫規制化 制度에 관한 硏究 : 김병구

김병구 단국대학교 2001 국내박사

知覺的 形象을 통한 空間 이미지 연구

김병구 弘益大學校 美術大學院 2001 국내석사

예술의 표현은 인간의 체험과 내면 의식을 반영하고 정신의 표출 의미로서 감정의 행위이다. 예술가의 감정은 현실 세계를 토대로 내면화되고 그 내면적 세계는 자신이 지각한 형상을 통해 조형적 작품으로 나타난다. 예술가의 세계와 감정은 현실 세계 즉, 자신이 경험하고 체험한 일상의 생활에서 소재를 찾고 형상을 획득하게 된다는 것은 현실 세계의 반영을 의미하게 되는 것이다. 따라서 예술작품은 감정적 대상에 미적 형식을 부여한 것으로 인간의 지각적 행위의 산물인 것이다. 예술이 작가의 정신적인 산물이면, 자기가 살아가는 사회 환경 또한 정신적인 면에서 영향을 받고 있는 것이다. 그러므로 예술가는 자신이 처한 환경의 세계를 관찰자가 움직이는 곳과 관찰자가 장소나 조망점을 선택하는 곳의 무대가 되는 상상적 경치, 꿈, 사상 등 환경에 속한 실제적인 것의 연장선상에 있는 것이다. 본인에게 있어서 예술은 삶의 목적으로 중요성을 찾는 것이 아니며 수단으로 사용된다. 이러한 면에서 삶, 인간의 삶 전체에 관심을 두며, 일상적인 삶에 있어서 시각적 체험은 자신의 회화 작업을 지속시키는 구심점이기도 하다. 20세기에 들어와 현대 미술은 독립된 회화 작품에 모든 표현적 가능성을 열어 둠으로 고전적 의미의 소묘는 완성된 표현 방식의 하나인 드로잉의 확장된 개념을 낳게 되었다. 그 결과로 현대의 드로잉은 보다 적극적으로 예술가의 시각적 경험과 감정의 등가물(等價物)로 평가되며 회화와 동등(同等)한 입지(立地)를 구축하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 현대 미술에 있어서 평면 회화의 시간성과 공간성을 공간 개념의 변천사와 의식적이고 논리적인 조형 언어를 미술사를 통하여 이론적 배경과 본인의 작업을 통해 살펴보고, 본인의 작품과 연관하여 일상의 체험을 통한 형상성을 지각적인 공간 해석과 더불어 드로잉으로서의 회화의 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 작품의 제작 동기와 배경 및 방법적인 면을 살펴봄으로써 드로잉적 회화가 갖게되는 의미와 작업의 방향을 제시하는 이론을 실제화하여 무거운 조형의식과 빠른 시대의 흐름에서 조형적 행위의 정신적 일체감을 찾고 회화의 방향성을 모색하고자 한다. The expression of art is an emotional behavior aiming to reflect man's experiences and inner consciousness and describe his or her spirit. Thus, artist's emotion tends to be internalized on the basis of real world, and the internalized world will be revealed as formal work perceived by the artist. Artist's world and emotion reflects the real world where he or she experiences every day life to find the sources and perceive a farm. Accordingly, artwork is an emotional object to which an aesthetic form is attached. In short, artwork is a product of man's perception. If art is a product of an artist's spiritual work, it is affected by his or her social environment or individual spirit. Therefore, artist stands on a line extended from the real world; he or she associates his or her own environment with observer's movement or selection of view. Such an association creates an imaginative arena, namely dream or ideology. Artist himself or herself uses art as means rather than attaches some significance to it as goal of life. In this context, artist tends to be interested in the entire human life. His or her visual experience in the ordinary life act as centripetal point of his or her painting work. On the threshold of the 20th century, the modern art began to open every possibility of expression for all the genres of art. As a result, the sketch of a classical sense had the conception of expanded drawing as a complete way of expression. Thus, drawing is equated with artist's visual experiences and emotion thereof, and established on the same soil as painting. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study aimed to review the theoretical background of changed spatial concept and conscious and logical formal languages by reilluminating the temporal and spatial nature of the planar painting historically, and thereby, suggest the possibility of drawing as complete painting through my works showing my ordinary life experiences and self-conscious spatial interpretations. To be more specific, this is to describe the motives, background and methodology of my drawing works to suggest the implications and future of the drawing-like paintings in terms of theory and practice, and thereby, find a formal integrity of drawing and finally, explore the way to develop the painting.

AM50 마그네슘 합금 발포금속의 제조와 지르코늄 첨가 영향에 관한 연구

김병구 경상대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

ZnO thin film growth on transparent substrates and improvement of their properties

김병구 인제대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

Secondly, We fabricated ZnO thin films by using thermal oxidation on spin-coated ZnO buffer layers/corning glass or mica substrates (transparent substrates). Zn thin films were deposited onto the ZnO buffer layers by using a thermal evaporator, and then the deposited Zn thin films were thermally oxidized in a furnace at 200 – 600 °C for 2 h in air. Oxygen atoms can diffuse into Zn thin films through the annealing process. Therefore, the intensities of near-band-edge (NBE) emission of the ZnO thin films on buffer layer/transparent substrates increased significantly with increasing oxidation temperature up to 500 °C. However, the intensities of NBE emission of the film remarkably decreased at the higher oxidation temperature than 500°C. Zn thin films oxidized at temperatures of 200 and 300 °C had low transmittances because Zn thin films were partially oxidized, which were Zn and ZnO phases. While the Zn thin films oxidized at annealing temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C onto ZnO buffer layer/corning glass and mica substrates had average transmittances of more than 82 % and 75 %, respectively, because Zn thin films were fully oxidized. ZnO has a wide direct band gap (3.36 eV), high transparency in the visible region, high thermal stability, and a large exciton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature (RT). First of all, The ZnO buffer layers were deposited on mica substrates using a sol-gel spin coating method. Then, a thin film of metallic Zn was deposited onto ZnO buffer layer/mica substrate by using a thermal evaporator, and the deposited Zn thin films were then thermally oxidized in a furnace at 500 °C for 2 h in air. Finally, In-doped ZnO (IZO) thin films with different In concentrations were grown on oxidized ZnO film/ZnO buffer layer/mica substrates using the sol-gel spin-coating method. All the IZO films showed ZnO peaks with similar intensities. The full width at half maximum values of ZnO (002) peak for the IZO thin films decreased with an increase in the In concentration to 1 at.% because the crystallinity of the films enhanced. However, a further increase in the In concentration caused the crystal quality to degrade, which might be attributed to the fact that the higher In doping resulted in an increase in the number of ionized impurities. The Urbach energy (EU) values of the IZO thin film decreased with an increase in the In concentration to 1 at.% because of enhanced crystal quality of the films. The EU values for the IZO thin films increased with the In concentration from 1 at.% to 3 at.%, reflecting the broadening of localized band tail state near the conduction band edge of the films.

民有林營林團을 中心으로 한 林業勞動力 需要·供給 分析

김병구 慶北大學校 1997 국내박사

Effect of nitrogen to tensile properties of high nitrogen steel

김병구 포항공과대학교 철강대학원 2013 국내박사

High nitrogen contained steels are manufactured and the relationship between deformation behavior and microstructure changes are studied. High nitrogen pressurizer equipped vacuum induction melting are conducted for the manufacturing high nitrogen steel with higher nitrogen content than 3000 ppm because the solubility of nitrogen in liquid steel and ferritic iron is limited in atmospheric pressure. The nitrogen content increases 3200, 4500, 5500 and 6500 as the nitrogen pressure increasing 1.0, 1.5, 2.7, 4.0 bar. The high nitrogen steel named as HNS32, HNS45, HNS55 and HNS65 depending on nitrogen contents. The materials are rolled to get homogeneous microstructure and normalized and quenched to avoid nitride formation during cooling. The phases of the HNSs are examined by XRD examination. The HNS35 is austenite and ferrite dual phase steel and the others are full austenitic steel. The microstructure analysis with EBSD, TEM, 3D-AP method are conducted with the interrupted tensile tested materials. The effect of nitrogen on deformation mechanism and tensile properties of high nitrogen steel are investigated. The tensile curve changes TRIP alike at dual phase nitrogen content to TWIP at higher nitrogen contents. The strain hardening rates increase during uniform elongation and the maximum value are reversely proportional to nitrogen contents. Deformation mode changes from TRIP to TWIP and dislocation planar slip to dislocation wavy slip partly as the nitrogen contents increase. The inflection strains to steeper curvature of normalized work hardening rate are coincident with the epsilon martensite phase fraction saturation strain and low inflection strain of stacking fault probability. Microstructure and stress-strain behavior of high nitrogen steel is investigated by in-situ EBSD with interrupted tensile test. The stress-strain curve shows strong solid solution hardening behavior with increasing nitrogen contents. The austenite stabilized with interstitial nitrogen become stronger than the ferrite and results in strains partitioning at ferrite than austenite during deformation in duplex HNS. The texture is developed and intensifies at austenite during deformation and the maximum intensity decreasing with nitrogen contents. However initial texture is sustained at ferrite and the intensity become weaker during deformation. Deformation induced epsilon martensite, alpha prime martensite and TWIN are detected. Microstructures of deformed austenitic high nitrogen steel were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The deformation mode changed from TRIP to TWIP and planar dislocation slip with increasing nitrogen contents. Epsilon martensite, twin and stacking fault (SF) were distinguished by different selected area diffraction pattern. The nano-beam dark field (DF) images revealed the planar defects were bundles of thin band. SF was characterized by broken bands at DF image. The schematic suggestion of formation of perfect slip, stacking fault, ε-martensite and twin was discussed based on high resolution TEM (HRTEM) micrograph taken by high angle annular dark field (HAADF) images using Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

Poly(benzyl ether) Dendrons과 PAMAM Dendrons 간의 Fusion에 의한 Diblock Codendrimers 합성연구

김병구 동아대학교 2006 국내석사

덴드리머란 중심(core)에서부터 나뭇가지 모양의 일정한 단위구조가 반복적으로 뻗어 나오는 고분자로서, 나노 과학 분야에서 센서, 생화학, 코팅, 전자기학, 촉매, 발광 등에 많은 적용이 되고 있다. 본 논문은 자기조립 성질을 가지는 Hydrophilic과 Hydrophobic의 두 영역으로 구성된 Amphiphilic 덴드리머에 대해 설명하였다. Fréchet-type polyether 덴드론은 유기용매에 잘 녹으며, Tomalia-type PAMAM 덴드론은 유기용매 및 물에서 높은 용해도를 가진다. Fréchet-type polyether 덴드론과 Tomalia-type PAMAM 덴드론 사이의 Fusion을 통해 Diblock Codendrimers를 합성하였고, 이 합성법은 Copper-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition 반응으로서, Alkyne 과 Azide 사이에서 일어난다. Diblock Codendrimers는 1세대부터 4세대까지 각각 다른 세대의 덴드론들을 사용하여 다양한 사이즈의 덴드론을 합성하였다. 이런 방법은 Amphiphilic 덴드리머와 같은 다양한 블록 덴드리머의 디자인에 있어 새로운 방향을 제시할 것이다.

韓國의 地方財政力 擴充에 관한 硏究 : 그 可能性과 限界를 中心으로

김병구 朝鮮大學校 大學院 1989 국내박사

In order to meet the administrative demand of local inhabitants more positively, most of the countries whose government policies are democratic institutionalize local autonomy and they are expanding the breadth of administration of local autonomy. Local autonomy is a requisite for democracy, but we cannot deny that poor local finances make local autonomy really difficult. The system and institution of local government should revised and organized well so that local government may cope with the growing demand of local administration. Especially out of these problems, the suitable securing of local finances is most important, which enables the role and function of local government to be increased and expanded on the financial side. It is because local autonomy will not give satisfactory results without any sound method of securing local finances. This dissertation was written based on the recognition that all measures to make local finances steady have to be taken by increasing the whole self-support level of local government, relieving the regional dispropotion in finances, so as to match the growing demand of local finances and form a financial basis for local autonomy. As a theory of fiscal capacity, Chapter 2 examines the self-reliance on local finances and fiscal capacity, the distribution of function between governments and fiscal capacity, the local economy and fiscal capacity, the demand of local administration method of finances. Chapter 3 classifies the present situation of Korea fiscal capacity and also describes briefly the local finances of five advanced nations related closely with our nation. In Chapter 4, the problems of local finances presented by the analytical results of chapter 4 are described. To state them briefly, they are small scale, poor self-reliance ability, unbalance between regions in tax base, unreasonable distribution of tax base between state taxes and local taxes, unreasonable rent and fee rate system, and inexperienced management of the settlement system of local finances. Chapter 5 describes the expanding methods of local finances to solve the problems found at Chapter 5. The methods suggested are the re-distribution of tax base between state taxes and local taxes, the introduction of the local income tax system, the development of a new tax base, the reasonable settlement of the rent and fee rate system, the increase of property revenue, and the reformation of the local intergovernmental fiscal co-ordination system. Chapter 6 is the conclusion. The self-reliance on local fmances from autonomous resources can be said to be the way to strengthen the base of Korean local finances, but judging from the present situation in which the scale of national finances grows day by day, securing autonomous local finances is a very difficult matter. However, this problem can be solved with the present improvement of the local finance system and management structure. The difficult problems of Korean local finances are the small scale and the unbalance of finances between regions. First of all, the way of overcoming the small scale of local finances is to expand the scale of local fmances. Expansion means the increase of revenues, and to increase the revenues the resources of local taxes, of other local revenue, of local share taxes and of national subsidies should be expanded. The way of improving the unbalance between regions is to strengthen the system of local share taxes and national subsidies as a means of local intergovernment fiscal coordination and also to manage them effectively. The resources of local share taxes can be secured by the expansion of internal tax and the raise of share rates. And the secured resources can be most effectively distributed by the development and application of reasonable share methods.

Acari와 Collembola가 松林의 分布에 미치는 生態學的 硏究

김병구 全南大學校 敎育大學院 1984 국내석사

This paper intends to clarify the vegetation succession and its ecotone, which the soil Arthropods affects on the Pine-forest community, through the basic survey of biological materials around Mt. Moo-deung. It will be useful for the protection of natural environments. 1. This study was performed from March to October in 1984, and especially the emphasis was put on the Summer Period, from June to August. 2. The area of collecting materials was the Manto layer and Her-baceous layer, Which could be the ecotone, and they had distinctive characteristics in 8 sports of the Pine-forest community. The altitude of about 400-500 meters between Moo-deung Villa and Jeung-Sim Temple around Kwang-Ju City. 3. I used the materials of litter and soil after I put them into each auto-segregator and lighted them over the ingathering bottle. 4. I classified the gathered materials after making them prep rate. 5. Among the classified animals there were 13 orders of Arthropods. 6. Grouping in the order of their individual numbers was as follows: Collembola> Acari> Isoptera> Thysanoptera> Chilopoda> Aranea. Among them the rare species was protura. 7. The number of soil Arthropoda found in the various vegetation was orderly as follows: Herbaceous layer> pine-forest> soil> Manto layer soil> Manto layer litter> Pine-forest litter. The fact that Pine-forest litter had the largest number of Arthropods was not due to the fact that the Pine-forest litter was good for animal's food but that it was good for living in. 8. Animals with high inhabitation density were Collembola and Acari, If we supposed that Chilopoda had an effect on the density of Acari : we could get an assumption that Chilopoda might become the natural enemy to harmful insect of Acari. 9. I classified the soil Arthropods into 3 classes and 13 orders. The area with the lowest vegetation density was the Hrbaceous layer and the area with the highest vegetation density was the Pine-forest litter.

퍼지 로직을 이용한 고장구간 판단 기법

김병구 慶南大學校 2012 국내석사

The DAS(Distribution Atomization System) determines a faulted section by using a FI(Fault Indicator) when the fault is occurred on the distribution networks. Sometimes FI is malfunction when the ground fault is occurred on a the distribution networks. As a result difficulties to make decision of faulted section. The cause of the FI malfunction is that the determination using the limited information of the installed area. In this study, a method is proposed to determine faulted section using the amount of the fault current instead of using the FI. This method is determinated faulted section using the fuzzy inference for the collected information from the all switches. The usefulness of the proposed algorithm is verified through the simulation test using PSCAD/EMTDC. 배전자동화시스템은 배전선로에 고장이 발생하였을 때 고장표시기의 정보를 이용하여 고장구간을 판단한다. 배전계통에 1선 지락 고장이 발생하면 선로 불평형 전류에 의해 고장구간 이후의 배전선로용 자동화개폐기에서 고장표시기가 오동작 하는 경우가 발생한다. 고장표시기 오동작 원인은 설치장소의 제한된 정보만을 이용하여 판단하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 고장표시기 동작정보를 이용하지 않고 고장전류의 크기를 이용하여 고장구간을 판단하는 방법을 제시한다. 고장이 발생하였을 때 모든 개폐기에서 취합된 정보를 퍼지로직으로 추론하여 고장구간을 판단한다. 제안하고 있는 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 PSCAD/EMTDC라는 전력해석용 툴을 이용하여 모델링 된 배전계통에 1선 지락 고장을 시뮬레이션 하여 고장전류 데이터를 취합하였으며, Visual C 소프트웨어를 이용하여 퍼지로직 프로그램을 구현하여 고장구간을 평가결과를 확인하였다.