클라우드 기반 VTS 서비스 운용을 위한 중장기 로드맵에 관한 연구

김대원,박영수,이명기,김소라,교칸 참르율트,송재욱 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.춘계

폐니켈수소전지로부터 회수된 희토류 침전물의 희토류 산화물 분말 제조에 대한 연구

김대원,안낙균,심현우,박경수,최희락,Kim, Dae-Weon,Ahn, Nak-Kyoon,Shim, Hyun-Woo,Park, Kyung-Soo,Choi, Hee-Lack 한국분말야금학회 2018 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.25 No.3

We report a method for preparing rare earth oxides ($Re_xO_y$) from the recycling process for spent Ni-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries. This process first involves a leaching of spent Ni-MH powders with sulfuric acid at $90^{\circ}C$, resulting in rare earth precipitates (i.e., $NaRE(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$, RE = La, Ce, Nd), which are converted into rare earth oxides via two different approaches: i) simple heat treatment in air, and ii) metathesis reaction with NaOH at $70^{\circ}C$. Not only the morphological features but also the crystallographic structures of all products are systematically investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); their thermal behaviors are also analyzed. In particular, XRD results show that some of the rare earth precipitates are converted into oxide form (such as $La_2O_3$, $Ce_2O_3$, and $Nd_2O_3$) with heat treatment at $1200^{\circ}C$; however, secondary peaks are also observed. On the other hand, rare earth oxides, RExOy can be successfully obtained after metathesis of rare earth precipitates, followed by heat treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ in air, along with a change of crystallographic structures, i.e., $NaRE(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O{\rightarrow}RE(OH)_3{\rightarrow}RE_xO_y$.

기후변화보조금과 WTO 보조금협정의 조화적 해석― 보조금의 성립요건을 중심으로 ―

김대원 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울법학 Vol.22 No.2

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reductions as climate change mitigation measures are of global importance. While many countries are incorporating subsidies into their plans for limiting the GHG emissions, these subsidies may conflict with World Trade Organization (WTO) subsidies rules. In order for the WTO Members to have adequate scope for legitimate climate change subsidies, this article is intended to re-examine several requirements for establishing a subsidy under the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM). Firstly, it defines climate change subsidies according to 8 GHG emission reduction measures in the Kyoto Protocol Article 3.1. Secondly, it indicated a flexible application of the relevant market category, a necessary pre-condition in deciding whether a benefit has been conferred to specific recipients in terms of the ASCM. This review is all the more important, because such climate change subsides have been emerged to address the failure of the relevant conventional market. Thirdly, it tried to review several requirements for identifying a subsidy, for example, a financial contribution by a government or any public body within the territory of a Member’ that confers a ‘benefit’, mainly in the context of the GHG reduction measures. Last but not least, it dwells on the nullification or impairment of benefits concept, embedded in the Article 5(b) of the ASCM: The purpose of this provision is to ensure that the competitive opportunities from tariff bindings are not frustrated by here climate change subsidies. In conclusion, urging timely conclusion of the comprehensive climate change deal in terms of the ASCM rules, the article pointed out that the ASCM rules with the jurisprudence of recent Canada-Renewable Energy case, contain some space and instruments that may contribute to using climate change subsidies. 기후변화 대응조치로서 온실가스(GHG) 감축은 국제적으로 큰 중요성을 갖는다. 하지만 한편으로 여러 국가들이 GHG 감축을 위한 정책적 수단으로 보조금을 활용하고 있지만 WTO 보조금협정(ASCM)과의 충돌가능성 때문에 그 시행에 어려움이 있다. 본고는 ASCM의 보조금 성립요건 검토를 통해 이러한 기후변화 보조금과 ASCM간의 조화적 해석 가능성에 관한 것으로 다음과 같이 다섯 부분으로 기술되었다. 먼저 ‘기후변화보조금’을 교토 프로토콜 제3.1조의 GHG 배출감축조치에 따라 정의하였고 두 번째로 보조금 성립여부 판단의 전제조건으로서 관련된 ‘시장’(market)에 관한 논의를 전개하였다. 이것은 기후변화보조금이 결국 시장실패를 보정하는 수단이라는 점에서 중요성을 갖는다. 세 번째로 조치가능보조금 성립의 주요 요건인 ‘재정적 기여’와 ‘이익 제공’, ‘특정성’ 및 ‘부정적 효과’에 대해 일반적으로 기술하고 기후변화보조금 맥락에 관련된 구체적 쟁점들을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로, ASCM 제5조(b)의 ‘부정적 효과’에 내재되어 있는 ‘이익의 침해’에 대하여 비위반제소의 요건과 특히 ‘합리적 기대이익’ 요건에 따라 기후변화보조금은 정당화될 수 있다고 판단하였다. 결론적으로 기후변화 보조금과 WTO 규범간의 충돌을 막기 위한 입법적 개정이 필요하다는 점을 언급하였고 ASCM 해석과 관련하여서는 2013년 Canada-Renewable Energy 사건에서 항소기구가 제기한 ‘관련된 시장’에 관한 법리를 소개하였다.

A Comparison of Optimization Algorithms: An Assessment of Hydrodynamic Coefficients

김대원 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This study compares optimization algorithms for efficient estimations of ship's hydrodynamic coefficients. Two constrained algorithms, the interior point and the sequential quadratic programming, are compared for the estimation. Mathematical optimization is designed to get optimal hydrodynamic coefficients for modelling a ship, and benchmark data are collected from sea trials of a training ship. A calibration for environmental influence and a sensitivity analysis for efficiency are carried out prior to implementing the optimization. The optimization is composed of three steps considering correlation between coefficients and manoeuvre characteristics. Manoeuvre characteristics of simulation results for both sets of optimized coefficients are close to each other, and they are also fit to the benchmark data. However, this similarity interferes with the comparison, and it is supposed that optimization conditions, such as designed variables and constraints, are not sufficient to compare them strictly. An enhanced optimization with additional sea trial measurement data should be carried out in future studies.

Jurisprudential Development of Non-Violation Complaints of GATT Article XXIII:1(b): A Synopsis

김대원 법무부 2004 통상법률 Vol.- No.55

Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with fluorescent carbon nanodots and a hydrogel

김대원,김종호,장근석,이택승 한국고분자학회 2017 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.42 No.1

Li(NCM)O₂계(係) 이차전지(二次電池) 공정(工程)스크랩의 탄소환원처리(炭素還元處理)에 의한 리튬회수(回收) 및 NCM 분말(粉末)의 침출거동(浸出擧動)

김대원,장성태,Kim, Dae Weon,Jang, Seong Tae 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2013 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.22 No.4

$Li(NCM)O_2$계 폐리튬전지 공정 스크랩의 재활용 연구의 일환으로서 리튬화합물의 회수와 NCM전구체를 제조하기 위한 침출거동에 대하여 살펴보았다. 우선 탄소를 이용하여 층상 구조의 NCM계 산화물 분말을 분해시켰으며, $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 탄소반응으로 리튬은 탄산리튬으로 변화시켰다. 탄산리튬은 수세 후 농축과정을 거쳐 순도 99% 이상의 탄산리튬 분말로 회수하였다. 그리고 탄소에 의한 환원 반응율은 $800^{\circ}C$에서 약 88%을 나타내었으며, 탄소환원 처리 후 분말에 대한 황산 침출 결과, 2M 이상의 황산농도에서 코발트, 니켈, 망간의 침출율은 99% 이상이었다. A study on the recovery of lithium and leaching behavior of NCM powder by carbon reduction for NCM-system Li-ion battery scraps was conducted. First of all, the oxide powders of NCM-system with layer structure were decomposed by carbon, lithium was converted to lithium carbonate by carbon reaction at above $600^{\circ}C$. The lithium carbonate powders with 99% purity were manufactured by washing method with water and concentration process for NCM powder after carbon reduction. The reaction yield was approximately 88% at $800^{\circ}C$ by carbon reduction. At this time, leaching efficiency at 2M sulfuric acid concentration was over 99% for cobalt, nickel and manganese.

공유형 전동킥보드 이용데이터와 물리적 영향요인을 활용한 적정 회귀모형 도출

김대원,이동민 한국ITS학회 2022 한국ITS학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.06

The Structural Linkages between Leader-Member Exchange and Extra Role Behaviors with Self-leadership as a Mediator in the Healthcare Organizations

김대원 한국보건사회연구원 2015 保健社會硏究 Vol.35 No.1

This study examines empirically the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and extra role behaviors (ERBs) with self leadership (SL) as a mediator. Addressing LMX and SL (behavior focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought strategies) as antecedents to ERBs, the study employed structural equation model for the direct effect of the constructs and hierarchical regression model for mediation effects of SL on LMX and ERBs with 182 employees from some small-medium sized healthcare organizations of Pusan City, South Korea. The findings show that LMX has been positively related to ERBs while SL also produces some significant mediating and accentuation effects on the relationship between LMX and ERBs. In addition, it is worthy of note that SL (behavior focused strategies and natural reward strategies) has the mediating effect on LMX and ERBs. Thus, the results suggest that employees could be engaged in ERBs toward individuals and organizations when they perceive high quality of leader member exchange and have feelings of personal ownership by self-direction and self-motivation in the workplace.

라만 라이다를 이용한 대기 중 이산화탄소 혼합비 측정

김대원,이한림,박준성,최원이,양지원,강형우 대한원격탐사학회 2019 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.35 No.6

We, for the first time, developed a Raman lidar system which can remotely detect surface CO2 volume mixing ratio (VMR). The Raman lidar system consists of the Nd: YAG laser of wavelength 355 nm with 80 mJ, an optical receiver, and detectors. Indoor CO2 cell measurements show that the accuracy of the Raman lidar system is calculated to be 99.89%. We carried out the field measurement using our Raman lidar at Pukyong National University over a seven-day period in October 2019. The results show good agreement between CO2 VMRs measured by the Raman lidar (CO2 Raman Lidar) and those measured by in situ instruments (CO2 In situ) which located 300 m and 350 m away from the Raman lidar system. The correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) between CO2 In situ and CO2 Raman Lidar are 0.67, 2.78 ppm, and 3.26 ppm, respectively. 우리는 처음으로 이산화탄소 지중 저장소에서 지표로 누출되는 이산화탄소를 원격으로 탐지 및 농도를측정하는 라만 라이다 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 라만 라이다의 송신단은 355 nm 파장에서 80 mJ의 에너지를 가진 레이저, 빔 익스펜더(Beam expender)로 구성되어 있으며 수신단은 망원경, 광학 수신기 및검출기 등으로 구성된다. 실내 이산화탄소 셀 측정에서 라만 라이다의 이산화탄소 농도 측정 정확도는 99.89% 였다. 또한, 우리는 라만 라이다의 이산화탄소 원거리 측정 능력을 평가하기 위해서 부경대학교에서 2019년10월에 일주일간 야외 측정을 수행하였다. 이산화탄소 지점 측정 장비는 라만 라이다로 부터 300 m, 350 m 떨어진 곳에 위치하였다. 야외 측정 결과에서 라만 라이다로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도와 지점 측정 장비로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도와 좋은 상관관계를 보여준다. 라만 라이다와 지점 측정 장비로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도도사이의 상관 계수(R), 평균 절대 오차(Mean Absolute Error; MAE), 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Square Error; RMSE), 는 각각 0.67, 2.78 ppm, 3.26 ppm 이다.