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김광용,송봉환 대한신경외과학회 1975 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.4 No.2
The concept of using radiographic measurements in the diagnosis of intraspinal lesions is not new. There have been many studies for the measurements of the spinal canal and normal ranges of variation in normal human and patient with spondylosis or developmental stenosis. The author measured the cervical spinal canal in 89 normal Korean adults plain X-rays (male; 62 cases, female; 27 cases) in order to establish a range of normal value in X-ray diagnosis. The sagittal diameters of the cervical spinal canal were measured from the middle of the posterior surface of the vertebral body to the "nearest point" on the cortical line at the point of fusion of the corresponding laminae. The transverse diameters of the cervical spinal canal were measured the interpediculate distance which represents the greatest diameter of the cervical neural canal from C₃to C_(7). According to the normal ranges of the sagittal and transverse diameters of the cervical Spinal canal, It was concluded: 1. The sagittal diameter is progressively narrowed from C₁ to C₄(Mean±SD=C₁; 21.83±2.43, C₂;19.30±2.39, C₃; 17.14±2.65, C₄;16.41±2.47) thereafter it is progressively widened from C_(5) to C_(7)(C_(5); 16.792.72, C_(6); 17.39±2.74, C_(7); 17.68±2.81). 2. The transverse diameter is progressively widened from C₃ to C_(6)(Mean±SD=C₃; 27.10±2.23, C₄; 28.5±2.30, C_(5); 28.95±2.36, C_(6) 29.12±2.25) thereafter it is narrowed in C_(7) (C_(7); 27.81±2.28). 3. Generally, the length of the male are more longer than that of female both in sagittal and transeverse diameter in cervical spinal canal (average; 1.2㎜). 4. Ranges of normal values both in sagittal and transverse diameters in whole length of the cervical spinal canal were established(Fig. 5. Table 4, and 5).
2009개정교육과정에 따른 중학교 정보과목의 서술형 수행평가 적용방안
김광용,서영민,이영준 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2013 敎員敎育 Vol.29 No.4
The purpose of this study is to analyze the assessment status in Informatics depending onthe application of the 2009 revised curriculum and to develop questions of the writtenperformance assessment. The result of analysis that the process of the written performanceassessment in Seoul, 113 schools out of all middle schools, was accounted for most of simpleperformance assessment such as typing exercise. So, Written performance assessment out of achapter in a middle school textbook was developed for improving students’ creativity andlogical thinking. Presented assessment items in this study is expected to be helpful to improveevaluation methods of informatics. 본 연구는 2009개정교육과정의 적용에 따라 정보 과목의 수행평가가 잘 운영되고 있는지에 대한 현황을 분석하고, 개정 교육과정의 평가 방침에 적합한 서술형 수행평가 문항의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 서울특별시 중학교 중 정보를 선택한 113개 학교를 대상으로 수행평가 실시 현황을 분석한 결과, 여전히 수행평가 항목 중 타자연습과 같은 단순한 기능 위주의 실기 평가가 많은 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 이에 학생들의 창의성과 논리적 사고력을 평가할 수 있는 방법으로 중학교 정보 과목의 한 개 단원을 대상으로 서술형 수행평가 문항을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 문항이 학교 현장에서 평가 자료로 활용되어 정보 과목의 평가 방법 향상에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.