인간과 기계번역의 공존을 위한 담론:행위자 네트워크 이론을 중심으로

곽은주,김동미 한국통번역교육학회 2022 통번역교육연구 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this research is to look at the relationship between human and machine translation based on the actor-network theory and how it can be applied in the futhure. As part of the verification, we examine newspaper articles related to transgender. The first stage can be seen of pre-NMT stage, which took place from 2009 to 2015. The second stage can be described as the stage after the emergence of the NMT, which took place from 2016 to 2019. The last stage, which took place from 2020 to 2021, emphasized the role of human and machine translation by investigating post-editing beyond the simple comparison of human and machine translation. Park(2020) suggested that machines can also be regarded as actors according to the actor-network theory. This is because it is possible to verify and analyze how both humans and machines translate. Therefore, not only human post-editing work is required, but if the machine does not recognize these socially sensitive words and translate them in large quantities, it may cause social problems and main actor may be overturned. In this regard, it is a stage to consider what prerequisites must be met in translation to lead the machine to the good direction desired by humans.

One-sided Readings of Numbers in Modal Sentences

곽은주 한국영어영문학회 2011 영어 영문학 Vol.57 No.3

Numbers have been regarded as one-sided, and their exactly readings have been understood as the results of scalar implicature. This Neo-Gricean view on numbers becomes less persuasive due to theoretical and experimental counterarguments. In spite of growing evidence for theirtwo-sided readings, numbers are still one-sided in modal sentences. Moreover, the occurrence of a negative operator may worsen the acceptability of modal sentences with numbers. In the framework of Vector Space Semantics, I have derived two-sided readings of numbers with the simple notions of monotonicity of modals and scopal relations between modals and numbers. I have also argued that the awkwardness incurred by negation is the result of a split set of vectors for a number. The incoherent set of vectors is understood as the lack of an ideal behavior, which is against the deontic modality of the sentence.

국악서적의 번역 현황과 문제 분석

곽은주,박정원,김세정 한국통역번역학회 2015 통역과 번역 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of Korean traditional music translation and propose possible ways to enhance the quantitative and qualitative level of translation. The status quo of translated texts in this field shows that there are several problems in translating Korean traditional music, i.e, the lack of specialized knowledge in traditional culture, professional translators, and standardization of expressions. To overcome these problems, three ways are proposed in this study. First, academic programs should be set up to produce professional translators with expert knowledge in Korean traditional music. Second, a special effort needs to be put into terminology standardization. Third, government funding needs to be increased to produce high-quality translated texts.

INTERPRETATIONS OF DEGREE EXPRESSIONS IN NEGATIVE MODAL QUESTIONS

곽은주 사단법인 한국언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.0 No.60

The interpretations of degree expressions need a separate category of entities because they cannot be represented by sets of individuals. Hence, some of the issues to be resolved here are what kind of entities are additionally needed for degree expressions and how these entities are structured. The present study addresses these issues, discussing the contrasted acceptability shown in negative modal questions with a degree expression. Two previous analyses are critically reviewed: Fox & Hackl (2006) and Abrusán & Spector (2010). Fox & Hackl postulate degrees while Abrusán & Spector suggest an analysis with intervals. I critically review each of the analyses and argue that vectors are more appropriate entities to provide necessary interpretations for negative modal questions with a degree expression.

Contrasted Meanings of Motun and On in Korean

곽은주 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.1

Kwak, Eun-Joo. 2011. Contrasted Meanings of Motun and On in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36-1, 25-47. Two universal quantifiers motun and on in Korean show similar distributivity in the quantification of non-collection terms, but they are distinct in the quantification of collection terms and proper terms. To capture the partial similarity, diverse patterns of distributivity are discussed for sentences with the quantifiers. Based on Kwak (2010), it is concluded that different distributivity between motun and on hinges on the additional restriction of integration on on and that apparent diverse distributivity with on is attributed to intricate mapping relations between groups and members in an interpretation domain. (Sejong University)

국악서적의 번역 현황과 문제 분석

곽은주,박정원,김세정 한국통역번역학회 2015 통역과 번역 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of Korean traditional music translation and propose possible ways to enhance the quantitative and qualitative level of translation. The status quo of translated texts in this field shows that there are several problems in translating Korean traditional music, i.e, the lack of specialized knowledge in traditional culture, professional translators, and standardization of expressions. To overcome these problems, three ways are proposed in this study. First, academic programs should be set up to produce professional translators with expert knowledge in Korean traditional music. Second, a special effort needs to be put into terminology standardization. Third, government funding needs to be increased to produce high-quality translated texts.

도시지역 일부 고등학생들의 우울과 불안에 관한 조사 연구

곽은주,송인순,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made; 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9% of students were normal, 32.9% of students had mild depression, 5.0% moderate depression, and 0.3% severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2% of students were normal, while 19.1% were classified as having anxiety and 40.7% borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

The Distributivity of Collections Terms in Korean

곽은주 언어번역연구소 2010 Journal of Language & Translation Vol.11 No.2

황점볼락 Sebastes oblongus 인공종묘의 생식소 발달과 성비

곽은주,한경호,이원교,이경우,양석우,최낙현,박충국 한국수산과학회 2006 한국수산과학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Interpretations of Negative Degree Sentences and Questions

곽은주 한국영어영문학회 2010 영어 영문학 Vol.56 No.6

The interpretations of degree expressions require the postulation of new entities to represent degrees. Diverse entities such as degrees, intervals,and vectors are adopted for degree expressions. Positive degree sentences and questions are properly construed with the introduction of these entities,but their negative counterparts need more consideration. Negative degree sentences show dual patterns of entailments depending on contexts, and negative degree questions are unacceptable, making weak islands. To explicate the distinct nature of negative degree sentences and questions,Fox & Hackl (2006) provide an analysis based on degrees while Abrusán & Spector (2010) suggest a proposal in interval readings of degree expressions. I have pointed out the theoretical problems of these analyses and proposed an alternative in the framework of the vector space semantics,following Winter (2005). Bi-directional scales in vector space fit well with the dual patterns of negative degree sentences, and the notion of a reference vector is useful to accommodate the contextual influence in negative degree sentences and to deal with the unacceptability of negative degree questions.