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조완근,강귀화,우형택,박종길 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.5
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.
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경북지역 공공하수처리시설 유입수 및 방류수의 유기물 특성
이기창,박영진,강귀화,정미옥,류동현,정상섭,이원태 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.5
Objectives : This study aimed to provide scientific information on the characteristics of organic matters in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Gyeongbuk province, Korea, for better performance of treatment processes in the plants. Methods : We selected six STPs with each capacity over 30,000 m3/day in Gyeongbuk province, and analyzed water quality data in influents and effluents of the plants from 2013 to 2020. Also, the removal efficiencies of pollutants were assessed with the operational data. In 2020, characteristics and origins of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in influents and effluents were investigated using the fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) analysis. Results and Discussion : The average BOD5/CODMn ratios of influents and effluents from the STPs were 1.60 and 0.27, respectively. High variability in BOD5/CODMn ratios was observed for both influents and effluents. The CODMn/TOC ratios of the influents and effluents were the same with an average of 1.6. Although the biological treatment process was different for each STP, the organic matter removal efficiency was similar, and the TOC removal efficiency was 86.5~91.7%. The representative spectra of DOM identified through FEEM analysis was peak C (humic-acid like substance) region, and under the same carbon concentration (2 mg-C/L) the fluorescence intensity of effluents was stronger than influents possibly due to the influence of soluble microbial products (SMP). It was found that DOM of both influent and effluent originated from microorganisms, and the difference in water quality of DOM was statistically significant. Conclusions : The characteristics and fate of organic matters in influents and effluents of the six STPs were similar regardless of plant location. The results of this study can be used as basic information to efficiently control organic matters in the STPs. 목적: 본 연구는 경북지역 내 대표적인 공공하수처리시설의 유입수 및 유출수 내 유기물 특성을 분석하고 이를 통해 처리시설의 효율적인 운영을 도모하고자 수행하였다. 방법: 경북지역의 공공하수처리시설 중 시설규모 30,000 m3/day 이상인 6곳을 선정하여 2013~2020년 동안의 운영자료를 활용하여 유입수 및 방류수의 수질특성과 공정효율을 분석하였다. 2020년 시료는 형광 excitation emission matrix (EEM) 분석기법을 활용하여 유입수 및 방류수의 용존유기물질(Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM) 특성과 생성기원 등을 조사하였다. 결과 및 토의: 분석대상 공공하수처리시설의 유입수와 방류수의 BOD5/CODMn 평균비는 각각 1.60과 0.27이었다. BOD5/CODMn 비는 유입수 뿐만 아니라 생물학적처리가 된 방류수에서도 변동성이 크게 나타났다. 유입수와 방류수의 CODMn/TOC 비는 평균 1.6으로 동일하였다. 처리시설별로 생물학적공법이 상이하였지만 유기물 제거효율은유사하게 나타났으며, TOC의 경우 제거효율은 86.5~91.7%이었다. 형광 EEM 분석을 통해 확인된 DOM의 대표적EEM spectra는 peak C (humic-acid like substance) 영역이었고, 동일한 탄소농도(2 mg-C/L) 조건에서 방류수가 미생물의 대사활동으로 생성된 soluble microbial products (SMP)의 영향으로 형광강도가 더 강했다. 유입수와 방류수의 DOM은 모두 미생물로부터 기인한 것으로 나타났고, DOM의 수질성상 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: 조사대상 공공하수처리시설간 유입수 및 방류수에 대한 유기물질의 거동이 유사하고 다양한 유기물 성상지표가 비교적 균일한 값을 가져 본 연구의 결과가 향후 수처리공정에서 유기물질을 효율적으로 제어하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이다.
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