CrO_x/γ-alumina 촉매상에서 Vinyl Chloride의 산화반응 속도해석

이해완,김영채,문세기,Lee, Hae-Wan,Kim, Young Chai,Moon, Sei-Ki 한국공업화학회 1999 공업화학 Vol.10 No.1

고정층 촉매 반응기를 이용하여 ${\gamma}$-알루미나에 담지한 크롬산화물 촉매상에서 vinyl chloride의 완전산화잔응을 $240{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 온도와 600~3,500 ppm의 농도범위에서 조사하였다. 반응은 vinyl chloride의 농도에 대하여 비선형적으로 변하였으며, 산소의 농도에 대하여는 0차 거동을 보였다. 또한 반응 생성물인 $H_2O$와 HCl를 반응물에 첨가하였을 때 vinyl chloride의 전환율에 영향이 거의 없었다. Vinyl chloride의 산화반응에 대한 몇 가지 반응모델을 가정하고 실험결과와 상관시켜 가장 잘 일치하는 모델을 도출하였다. 속도식의 해석결과 vinyl chloride의 산화반응은 산소로 피복된 촉매표면에 vinyl chloride가 흡착한 후 산화분해되며, vinyl chloride가 촉매표면에 흡착하여 반응을 방해한다는 가정하에서 도출된 반응속도 모델이 실험결과를 가장 잘 표현하였다. 실험치와 예측치간의 표준편차 백분율은 약 5.2% 정도였으며 활성화에너지는 18.9 kcal/mol으로 계산되었다. The complete catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride was investigated over chromium oxide supported ${\gamma}$-alumina using a fixed bed micro-reactor at temperature between 240 and $300^{\circ}C$ and concentration between 600 and 3500 ppm. The oxidation of vinyl chloride was nonlinear in the concentration of vinyl chloride and zeroth order in the concentration of oxygen. The addition of HCl and $H_2O$ as products to the feed stream didn't influence the conversion of vinyl chloride. Several kinetic rate model were tested to describe the data over the range of condition investigated, and developed a model which provide the best correlation of experimental data. The resulting model of kinetic rate was derived by assuming that the reacting occurred via adsorption and subsequent decomposition of the vinyl chloride onto the oxygen covered chromium oxide surface, with the reaction being inhibited by the adsorption of vinyl chloride. The percent standard deviation between the predicted and experimental was about 5.2%, and the activation energy was 18.9 kcal/mol.

Protective role of selenium on structural change of human hemoglobin in the presence of vinyl chloride

Oushani Negar Hajimohammadi,Valipour Masoumeh,Maghami Parvaneh 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.4

Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas with a pleasant odor capable of entering the body through oral or inhalation routes. Extensive studies on this compound indicated that it is a carcinogen, and Vinyl chloride exposure can result in a specific type of cancer in vinyl chloride workers. Whereas hemoglobin plays a vital role in oxygen transfer throughout the body, in a molecular aspect, the effect of vinyl chloride on human hemoglobin has not been studied. Furthermore, selenium as an antioxidant is a vital factor for the health of humans and animals. Then this research investigated the effect of the antioxidant capability of selenium at the same concentrations in blood on the interaction between vinyl chloride and hemoglobin. UV–visible, Fourier-transform infrared, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed. The results indicated the destruction of hemoglobin structure in different concentrations of vinyl chloride. At the same time, the antioxidant effect of selenium inhibited the destructive impact of vinyl chloride on hemoglobin structure.

열가소성 혼합형 추진제 적용을 위한 PEBAX 바인더의 열특성 연구

조준현(Joonhyun Cho),이호진(Hojin Lee),박일(Il Park),김정은(Jeongeun Kim),김인철(Inchul Kim) 한국추진공학회 2012 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

본 연구에서는 열가소성 혼합형 고체추진제의 바인더(Binder)로 사용되는 Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC), Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer(VC-VA) 및 Poly Ether Block Amide(PEBAX)를 열분석을 통해 열적 특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 추진제 제조공정에 필요한 열특성을 확보하여 열가소성 추진제 제조공정을 확립할 수 있었다. In this paper, the study was conducted on the thermal properties of thermoplastic binder, Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC), Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer(VC-VA), Poly Ether Block Amide (PEBAX), that were used to thermoplastic composite propellant. As a result, we can make up the manufacturing process of the thermoplastic composite propellants from thermal properties of binder.

가교결합을 기반으로 한 1,4-dimethylpiperazinum chloride을 가교제로서 가진 비수계 바나듐 레독스 흐름 전지용 음이온 교환 membrane의 개발

신성수,최성호 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

최근 몇 년 동안 바나늄 레독스 흐름 전지(Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, VRFB)는 전해용액의 재사용 기능과 설계의 유연성 때문에 에너지 저장 시스템로서 많은 관심을 가져왔다. 현재 사용되는 VRFB는 수계 용매를 사용하여 제한된 전위창을 갖고, 또한, 황산을 사용하기 때문에 전극 및 membrane에 손상을 주어전지의 수명을 짧게 하는 요인이 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 비수계 VRFB가 제시되었고 VRFFB의 주요 구성요소 중 하나로써, membrane은 양극, 음극 사이의 separtor로써 기능한다. 몇몇의 상업 음이온 교환 membrane은 유기용매에서 용해되는 성질을 가지고 있기 때문에, 유기용매 상에서 낮은 화학적, 물리적 안정성을 가지고 있다. 그러므로, 이번 연구에서, 비수계 VRFB용 membrane으로 사용하기 위해 poly(vinyl chloride)을 기반으로 한 1,4-dimethylpiperazinum chloride을 가교제로서 비수계 VRFB용 membrane을 제조하였다. 제조된 음이온 교환 membrane은 FT-IR, SEM, XPS, contact angle, and thermal analysis (TGA)을 통해 화학적 구조 및 열적 안정성을 확인하였다. 또한, 제조된 음이온 교환 막은 VRFB에 적용하기 위하여 물리적, 화학적 그리고 전기화학적 특성을 평가하였다.

원자이동 라디칼 그래프트 중합법을 이용한 양이온 교환 멤브레인의 제조 및 바나듐 레독스 흐름 전지 격막으로의 응용

서미영(Mi-Young Seo),최성호(Seong-Ho Choi) 융복합지식학회 2022 융복합지식학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2

바나듐 레독스 흐름전지 격막으로 사용하기 위하여, 양이온 교환멤브레인을 원자이동 라디칼 그래프트 중합법으로 합성하였다. 구체적으로 양이온 교환 멤브레인의 주쇄사슬로써 범용플라스틱인 poly(vinyl chloride)를 사용하였다. 여기에 술폰산기(-SO₃Na)를 갖은 4-styrene sulfonate를 원자이동 라디칼 그래프트 중합시킴으로서 poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonate), 약칭 PVC-g-PSS, 합성한 후, 핸디 캐스팅하여 양이온 교환 멤브레인을 제작하였다. 제조된 양이온 교환 멤브레인에 대하여 물 흡착률과 팽창률, 이온 전도도, 이온 교환 용량, 바나듐 투과도, 인장강도를 측정 평가되었다. 또한, 제조된 양이온 교환 멤브레인의 직접 바나듐 레독스 흐름 전지에 적용하여 1,000회 충전 및 방전시킴으로써 이온-교환 막으로써의 안정성이 평가하였다. 이 결과 제조된 PVC-g-PSS 양이온 교환 멤브레인의 경우 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지에 사용할 수 있다. In order to use vanadium redox flow battery separator, we synthesized a cation exchange membrane by atom transfer radical graft polymerization. Poly(vinyl chloride) which is known as a general plastic materials, was used as the main chain polymer of the cation exchange membrane. The poly(vinyl chloride) is grafted by atom transfer radical graft polymerization of 4-styrene sulfonate with sulfonate group (-SO₃Na) to give poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonate), PVC-g-PSS. The cation exchange membrane was fabricated by hand casting of the solution after dissolving N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of PVC-g-PSS. The obtained cation exchange membranes were characterized by water adsorption ratio, expansion ratio, ion conductivity, ion exchange capacity, vanadium permeability, and tensile strength for using separator of vanadium redox flow battery. The vanadium redox flow battery system with PVC-g-PSS separator during charging and discharging with 1,000 cycles had very higher stability. From these results, the synthesized cation exchange membrane could be used as separator in vanadium redox flow battery system.

PVC 제품에서의 염화비닐 단량체 정량분석 방법에 관한 연구

권덕준,엄희정,이재인,최철호,최기인 한국분석과학회 2012 분석과학 Vol.25 No.6

This study presents a method for the quantitative analysis of residual vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)in PVC products. In elution solvent, the extraction efficiency was similar by ethanol, THF, and acetone, but using n-hexane, it indicated relatively low extraction efficiency. Measuring VCM in the pulverized PVC samples, it showed reasonable results in both the direct injection method and headspace method with GC/MS. Regarding analysis of VCM in the intermediate sponge samples, five laboratories showed good results, and from the results, it was considered that VCM quantitative method in this study was reliable.

흰쥐에서 염화비닐 폭로수준에 따른 소변내 thiodiglycolic acid 농도의 변화

왕승준,차봉석,노재훈,신동천,김명수,전근재 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : It is the objective of this research to identify the variation of thiodiglycolic acid(TdGA) in urine with vinyl chloride monamer(VCM) exposure levels through methylation. Methods : After rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer of 4 levels, 0㎎/㎥, 50㎎/㎥, 150㎎/㎥, 500㎎/㎥, respectively, of which urine was sampled in each sampling time of 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours. After urine had been methylated with diazomethane in the preliminary experiment and the peak of 146 m/z had been verified, the main experiment was done. Results : In the variation of TdGA with sampling times, concentration of TdGA increased rapidly in 4 hours and then decreased after 8 hours. When the variation of urinary TdGA concentration in urine according to exposure level of VGM was verified through Kruskal-Wallis statistical method at each sampling time, the significant increment with the exposure levels at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after exposure was clarified. Conclusion : TdGA concentration in urine with increment of VCM exposure level increased, especially significantly at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours of sampling time.

염화비닐 노출 근로자의 요중 Malondialdehyde 농도 수준

김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),원종욱 ( Jong Uk Won ),박준호 ( Jun Ho Park ),김광숙 ( Gwang Suk Kim ),안미현 ( Mi Hyun Ahn ),노재훈 ( Jae Hoon Roh ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exposure to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) induces lipid peroxidation in workers by evaluating the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the urine in order to assess worker`s oxidative stress due to exposure of vinyl chloride monomer. The subjects investigated in the study were divided into the experimental group; 18 workers exposed to VCM, and the control group; 19 workers unexposed to VCM. A gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector(GC/PFPD) was utilized to analyze thiodiglycolic acid(TDGA), which was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2.0M in diethyl ether) in urine and the urinary MDA, the product of lipid peroxidation, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible detector after derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH). The concentrations of urinary TDGA in controls and VCM exposure workers were 0.13(2.01)mg/g Cr. GM(GSD) and 0.35(1.96)mg/gCr. GM(GSD), respectively. The concentrations of urinary MDA were 0.12(2.21)μmol/gCr. GM(GSD) in controls and 1.35(1.79)μmol/gCr. GM(GSD) in VCM exposure workers. As a result of simple regressions analysis between urinary concentration of TDGA and MDA in VCM exposure workers, it was found that the R2 value was 0.261 (p=0.03) and the drinking and smoking did not affect their level. In conclusion, the workers exposed to VCM have a potentially to suffered by oxidative stress due to VCM exposure and the urinary MDA can be applicable to the marker of effect to assess the level of worker`s VCM exposure.

Adsorption separation of vinyl chloride and acetylene on activated carbon modified by metal ions

Song Jiang,Gongying Wang,Tong Chen,Lilei Zhang 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

This work mainly involved the adsorption separation of vinyl chloride and acetylene on modified activated carbons. Six metal ions with different hardness were loaded on activated carbon respectively. The effect of metal ions on the adsorption separation performance of vinyl chloride and acetylene was investigated. The experimental results shown that the separation factor of C2H3Cl to C2H2 over modified activated carbon followed the order: Al(III)/AC > Mg(II)/AC > Fe(III)/AC > AC > Zn(II)/AC Cu(II)/AC > Ag(I)/AC. The effect of the hardness of metal ions on the adsorption capacity of C2H2 was more remarkable than that of C2H3Cl, thus the separation factor of C2H3Cl to C2H2 increased with the rising of absolute hardness of the metal ions.

헤드스페이스 GC/MS를 이용한 폴리염화비닐/폴리염화비닐리덴 식품 포장 중 염화비닐/염화비닐리덴 잔류량 연구

성준현(Jun Hyun Sung),곽인신(In Shin Kwak),박성관(Sung Kwan Park),김형일(Hyung Il Kim),임호수(Ho Soo Lim),이주영(Ju Young Lee),변미연(Mi Yun Byun),김소희(So Hee Kim) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

PVC 및 PVDC 재질의 식품포장에 잔류할 수 있는 원료물질인 VC 및 VDC를 PLOT Q 컬럼이 장착된 headspace-GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. VC 및 VDC 각각에 대하여 m/z=61, 62, 64 및 m/z=61, 96, 98 이온을 선택 이온으로 하여 분석하였으며, 내부표준 물질로는 1-CP를 사용하였다. 분석법 검증결과 본 연구에서 도입한 분석법은 유럽연합의 재질규격 시험에 적합하였으며, 국내유통 PVC 및 PVDC 재질의 식품 포장 103 품목에 대한 분석 결과, PVDC 식품포장 1건에서 재질 중 VDC가 검출되었으나, 이는 유럽연합에서 설정하고 있는 재질규격 이내에 드는 미미한 수준이었으며, 나머지 모든 시료에서는 VC 및 VDC가 검출되지 않았다. Vinyl chloride (VC) and vinylidene chloride (VDC), which may be present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) food packaging, were analyzed by using a headspace-gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer (MS) equipped with a PLOT Q column. 1-Chloropropane (1-CP) was used as an internal standard. The determinations of VC and VDC were carried out by monitoring the characteristic ions for each compound: m/z=61, 62, 64 and m/z=61, 96, 98, respectively. The method validated in this study can be suitable for the compliance test of EU regulation. Among 103 food packaging samples, VC and VDC were not detected, except in one PVDC food package. However, the detected level of VDC in the sample was below the EU regulatory specific limitation.