日本の産学連携と大学発ベンチャー創出―現状と制度

渡部俊也 충북대학교 법학전문대학원 법학연구소 2013 과학기술과 법 Vol.4 No.2

In this paper, current status and legal framework of"University Industry Cooperation", especially startups development from university in Japan is described. University-industry technology transfer, business that deals with the transfer of university-held technology to industry, has been started by US universities after the Bayh Dole Act (1980) which is often considered as a landmark in university patenting. In Japan, it was in 1998 that the"Law to Promote the Transferring of Technology from Universities and Others" (Technology Transfer Promotion Law) was first enacted, and thereupon, many technology transfer institutions were established to market the university technologies based on their demand and supply. Also in 2004, Japanese national universities have been incorporated and obtained independent legal status. Therefore, current system of Japanese university industry cooperation is based on deals by their organizational managements. As for startups from university, Hiranuma Plan (2000) has been launched to aim to encourage university reform and the creation of"1,000 venture firms, originating in Universities" through a strategy of transferring technology from academia to industry. In fact, the numbers of startups since this plan are impressive and generated more than 1800 venture startups. In this paper, such status of current collaboration activities and the relevant legal framework will be shown in order to understand the comprehensive legal system to encourage university industry cooperation from the viewpoint of innovation strategy.

19세기 전반기 러시아 대학의 '교육감독관'(Попечитель)

오두영 숭실사학회 2017 숭실사학 Vol.0 No.39

University have an important meaning in the sense of emanating the intellectual elite ruling class of society and serving as the academic and cultural center. The academic level of these universities and the nature of their bachelor's administration are closely related to the political and cultural tendencies of society and have long - term effects. In addition, the autonomous administration of universities is a very important factor in the freedom and development of science. In this regard, the relationship between the university and the government is very important. The establishment of the university as a modern tertiary education institution in Russia began with the establishment of a 'Akademichiskii university' under the Akademi Hauk institution of the first half of the 18th century. However, this 'university' was an 'attached institution' with no administrative organization capable of autonomous operation. Since the establishment of the 'Moscow University' as the first university in the modern era, a full-fledged higher education system has begun to be established in Russia. The University of Moscow had followed Europe's long-standing "university" tradition by modeling Europe, especially Germany. However, the University of Moscow was founded with full support from the government, and the 'operation' was also carried out by the government in accordance with the purpose of the university establishment of the government. At that time, the executive power of the Moscow University administration was in the custodian. He controlled the university life as a whole, reported the bachelor to the emperor, and also acted as mediator of conflict within the university. Here, there is a tradition of 'guardianship' and 'obligation to report'. In the early 19th century, the 'higher education system' reform, which was implemented as one of the government's liberal national reforms, resulted in the establishment of a more modern education system, which the 'Education Supervisor' appointed by the government managed. He pursued university education and academic development by applying the government or emperor's will to universities. In particular, the first Educational Commissioner of the University of Moscow, Muraviev, established a "self-governing tradition" through liberal reform of the university. But the tradition of 'autonomy' formed by the activities of Muraviev did not last long. Since the 1820s, there has been an increase in the control and monitoring of universities as a result of the overall tendency of government policies, and the reactionary policies and ideologies have been applied to universities. 'Education Supervisors' had to be faithful implementers of government policies that changed according to their political and social environment. The legal basis for the government 's transition to university policy was the University Law in 1835. On the other hand, according to the will and tendency of some 'education supervisors', universities have made efforts to maintain the autonomous tradition in some degree of operation while developing education and academic level, but with the strong control of the government . By the end of 1840, at the end of Nicholas I, the autonomous nature of the university had virtually disappeared. 대학은 사회의 지적 엘리트 지배계층을 배출하고, 학문과 문화의 중심지 역할을 한다는 의미에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 이러한 대학의 학문적 수준과 학사운영의 성격은 사회의 정치ㆍ문화적 성향과 밀접한 관계를 가지며 장기적 영향을 미친다. 또한 대학의 자치적 운영은 학문의 자유와 발전에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 점에서 대학과 정부의 관계는 매우 중요하다. 러시아에서 ‘대학’ 형태의 근대적 고등교육기관이 설립된 것은 18세기 전반기 학술원(Академия Наука)의 산하기관으로서 대학(Акадеический университет)이 설립되면서 부터였다. 그러나 이 ‘대학’은 자치적 운영이 가능한 행정조직이 없는 ‘부설기관’이었다. 이후 근대적 최초의 대학으로서 ‘모스크바 대학’이 설립되면서 러시아에 본격적인 고등교육체계가 갖추어지기 시작했다. 모스크바 대학은 유럽, 특히 독일을 모델로 함으로서 유럽의 오랜 ‘자치적’ 대학 전통을 갖게 되었다. 그러나 모스크바 대학은 정부의 전적인 지원 하에 설립되었고, ‘운영’ 역시 정부의 설립목적에 상응하여 정부에 의해 실행되었다. 당시 모스크바 대학 운영의 실권은 관리인(Куратор)에게 있었다. 그는 대학 생활 전반을 통제하고, 학사를 황제에게 보고했으며, 대학 내 갈등의 중재자 역할도 했다. 여기서 ‘후견’(Покровительство)과 ‘보고의무’(Подочётность)의 전통이 생겼다. 19세기 초 정부의 자유주의적 국가 개혁의 하나로 시행된 ‘고등교육체계’개혁에 따라 대학은 보다 근대적인 교육체계를 갖추게 되었는데, 이를 주도한 인물이 정부가 임명한 ‘교육감독관’이었다. 그는 정부 혹은 황제의 의지를 대학에 적용하여 대학의 교육과 학문발전을 추구하였다. 특히 최초의 모스크바 대학의 ‘교육감독관’인 무라비요프(Н. А. Муравьев)는 대학의 자유주의적 개혁을 통해 ‘자치적 전통’을 세웠다. 이러한 무라비요프의 활동에 의해 형성된 ‘자치’의 전통은 오래 지속되지 못했다. 1820년 대 이후 정부 정책의 전반적인 보수화 경향에 따라 대학에 대한 통제와 감시가 강화되었고, 반동적인 정책과 이념을 대학에 적용하였다. ‘교육감독관들’은 내외 정치ㆍ사회적 환경에 따라 변하는 정부 정책의 충실한 이행자가 되어야 했다. 정부의 대학 정책 전환의 법적 근거가 1835년 ’대학령‘이었다. 그러나 한편으로 일부 ’교육감독관‘의 의지와 성향에 따라 대학은 교육과 학문수준을 발전시키면서도 어느 정도 운영에 있어서 자치적 전통을 유지하려는 노력도 이어졌으나, 정부의 강력한 통제에 따라 그러한 노력은 유지하기 어렵게 되었다. 니꼴라이 I세 말기인 1840년 말에는 대학의 자치적 성격은 사실상 사라지게 되었다.

영국 대학의 개혁 동향: 대학 이념을 중심으로

정철민(Jung, Chul-Min),유재봉(Yoo, Jae-Bong) 한국교육철학회 2012 교육철학 Vol.48 No.-

The purpose of this study is to explore higher education reform in the UK in terms of an idea of a university. To accomplish this end, we review a short history of the UK university’s reform and suggest some implications for Korean university. Today a university is often regarded as an institution that determines a national competitiveness. In this situation, the UK universities has continually reformed to maintain a world class of university at a research and teaching level. The UK university’s reform has two features. One is to expand the domain of an idea of a university. It includes a traditional perspective that emphasizes a academic value as well as a more reform perspective that reflect needs of a social context. If an idea of a university reflect the social context, a university have the indispensable challenges that need in a labour market, a community problem solving, a democratic citizenship learning etc. The other is to accept the Neo-liberalism. It entails that an application of the logic of the market. According to this view, a university pursuits a economic value like companies. The UK reform shows some implications for Korea university reform in terms of theoretical and practical point of view. From the theoretical perspective, we need a balanced view which acknowledge the coexistence possibility of various idea of a university. From the practical perspective, we should strive to ensure expertise on university reform and to secure economic resources for ongoing university reform. But a reform that accepts what is revealed on the surface can cause another problems. A reform which is not appropriate social context is not only a problem itself but also making a side effect. In this sense, uncritically acceptance in a case of developed countries is wary. In conclusion, it is necessary to bear in mind that consideration for reform of the UK universities give some lessons only when we are carefully examined on the social situations Korea universities has faced.

대학의 제도적 요인이 산학 공동연구에 미치는 영향

황경연,성을현 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2023 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.9 No.5

Universities are introducing and utilizing several systems to respond to an environment in which the importance of industry-university cooperation is increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the combined effect of institutional factors on industry-university collaborative research. Through a review of the existing literature, we presented a conceptual model in which university institutional factors combinatorially affect industry-university collaborative research. Major institutional factors of universities to promote industry-university cooperation include new professors with industry experience, industry-university cooperation concentration professors, and human resources for industry-university linkages. Six-year data from 2016 to 2021 on institutional factors and industry-university collaborative research were obtained through Higher Education in Korea. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used for data analysis. Seven solutions describing industry-university collaborative research were derived through fsQCA. In the seven solutions, the number of new professors with industry experience, number of non-tenure industry-university cooperation concentration professors, and number of personnel in charge of technology transfer and commercialization served as key conditions. As a result, it is evaluated that the key factors influencing industry-university collaborative research are the number of new professors with industry experience, the number of non-tenure industry-university cooperation concentration professors, and the number of personnel in charge of technology transfer and commercialization. 대학은 산학협력의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 환경에 대응하기 위해 여러 제도를 도입하여 활용하고 있다. 본 연구는 대학의 주요 제도적 요인이 산학 공동연구에 결합적으로 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 기존 문헌을 통해 대학의 산학협력 관련 제도적 요인을 검토하였고, 제도적 요인이 산학 공동연구에 결합적으로 영향을 미치는 개념적 모델을 제시하였다. 주요 산학협력 촉진 제도로 산업체 경력 신규임용 교원, 산학협력중점교수, 산업체 연계인력 등이 있다. 제도적 요인과 산학 공동연구 간의 관계 분석을 위한 자료는 대학알리미 사이트를 통해 확보하였으며, 2016년부터 2021년까지 6년간의 자료이다. 자료 분석에는 퍼지집합 질적 비교분석(fsQCA)이 활용되었다. fsQCA 결과에서 제도적 요인이 산학 공동연구를 설명하는 7개의 솔루션이 제시되었다. 7개의 솔루션에서 산업체 경력 신규임용 교원 수, 비전임 산학협력중점교수 수 및 기술이전·사업화 담당자 수가 핵심 조건인 솔루션이 각각 5개, 5개, 4개이었다. 결과적으로 산업체 경력 신규임용 교원 수, 비전임 산학협력중점교수 수 및 기술이전·사업화 담당자 수가 산학 공동연구에 영향을 미치는 핵심적인 제도적 요인인 것으로 나타났다.

建构中国公立大学法治理念统领下的大学精神和大学制度

Liu Bingjun 가천대학교 법학연구소 2011 가천법학 Vol.4 No.2

Essentially, the university spirit is a kind of steady value, which is condensed from the organizational culture and the humanistic spirit of the university. It originates from the university system, the tangible cultural carrier and the intangible public awareness. Also it is the embody of the compound elements like the abstract and concrete, or the tangible and the intangible of the university. Only by establishing on the rule and order of law, and being followed and defended by the whole society, can the university spirit be built and developed. The University System is a management system which can carry out the unification of rights and responsibilities of the university as a legal entity and running subject. It reflects the governance model, the system standard and the standard of behavior of the relationships between university with government and society. There is no system model of university that can be run forever or shared all around the world. It should not only adapt to its national situation, cultural tradition and historical stage, but also match with certain social conditions and civilization. However,whether as a domestic or foreign university, it may and ought to have some converging university spirit and system. 大学精神,本质上是由大学的组织文化和人文精神积淀凝炼而成的稳定的价值取向。她源之于大学制度和大学有形的文化载体和无形的公共意识,是大学化之于内而形之于外的抽象与具体、物质和非物质复合要素的集中体现。只有建立在法治基础和法治秩序之上,并为全社会一体遵循和捍卫时,大学精神才会在大学中得以真正的生成和发展。大学制度,则是全面落实大学作为法人实体和办学主体所应具有的权利和责任相统一的管理制度,反映着大学与政府和社会关系的治理模式、制度规范和行为准则。大学制度似没有一个在世界范围内完全可以颠扑不破、通行共用的制度模式,它应当也必须与自己所处的本国国情、文化传统和历史阶段相适应,也应当与一定的社会条件和文明程度相匹配。然而,作为域内域外的大学者可以也理应有着某些趋同的大学精神和大学制度。

대학 산학협력 역량의 공간적 패턴 및 군집분석

허선영,장후은,이종호 한국지리정보학회 2022 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study considered regional differences in the university-industry collaboration of Korean universities and performed cluster analysis to identify the spatial range with high university-industry collaboration connectivity. By university establishment type, it was found that the university-industry collaboration capacity of the major national university was superior overall, especially in the technology transfer & commercialization sector and the infrastructure sector, compared to private universities and general national universities. The spatial pattern of university-industry collaboration capacity showed relatively clear differences by city and province. In terms of university-industry collaboration capacity by sector, it was confirmed that the regional gap was not large in the talent training sector and the infrastructure sector, but the regional gap was relatively large in the technology transfer & commercialization sector and the start-up sector. As a result of the cluster analysis to identify a spatial range with high connectivity in terms of similarity and spatial proximity of university-industry collaboration patterns, it is divided into 15 clusters. It is found that most of major national universities are included in one of 15 clusters where all sectors of university-industry collaboration are strong. Therefore, as a policy measure to achieve regional innovative growth through enhancing the effectiveness of university-industry collaboration, we propose the establishment of a hub & spoke network-type collaboration system in which a major national university acts as a hub and nearby local universities play a spoke role. 본 연구는 한국 대학들의 산학협력 역량의 공간적 패턴을 분석하고, 산학협력 연계성이 높은 공간 범위를 파악하기 위한 군집분석을 수행하였다. 대학 설립유형별로는 거점국립대학의 산학협력역량이 전반적으로 우세하며, 특히 기술이전·사업화 부문과 인프라 부문에서 사립대학이나 일반국립대학보다 우위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산학협력 역량의 공간적 패턴은 시·도별 차이가 비교적 명확히 나타났다. 부문별 산학협력 역량에서, 인재양성 부문과 인프라 부문에 있어서는 지역간 격차가 크지 않으나, 기술이전·사업화 부문과 창업 부문에 있어서는 지역 간 격차가 비교적큰 것으로 확인되었다. 산학협력 패턴의 유사성과 공간적 근접성 측면에서 연계성이 높은 공간 범위를 파악하기 위해서 군집분석을 한 결과 15개 군집으로 나누어졌으며, 산학협력 전 부문이 강하게 나타나는 군집에서 거점국립대학이 속해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산학협력의 효과성 제고를 통해 지역혁신성장을 달성하기 위한 정책 방안으로 거점국립대학이 허브(hub) 역할을 하고인근의 지역대학들이 스포크(spoke) 역할을 하는 허브 & 스포크(hub & spoke) 네트워크형 협업 체계의 구축을 제안한다.

日本の産学連携と大学発ベンチャー創出―現状と制度

渡部俊也(Toshiya Watanabe) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2013 과학기술과 법 Vol.4 No.2

In this paper, current status and legal framework of"University Industry Cooperation", especially startups development from university in Japan is described. University-industry technology transfer, business that deals with the transfer of university-held technology to industry, has been started by US universities after the Bayh Dole Act (1980) which is often considered as a landmark in university patenting. In Japan, it was in 1998 that the"Law to Promote the Transferring of Technology from Universities and Others" (Technology Transfer Promotion Law) was first enacted, and thereupon, many technology transfer institutions were established to market the university technologies based on their demand and supply. Also in 2004, Japanese national universities have been incorporated and obtained independent legal status. Therefore, current system of Japanese university industry cooperation is based on deals by their organizational managements. As for startups from university, Hiranuma Plan (2000) has been launched to aim to encourage university reform and the creation of"1,000 venture firms, originating in Universities" through a strategy of transferring technology from academia to industry. In fact, the numbers of startups since this plan are impressive and generated more than 1800 venture startups. In this paper, such status of current collaboration activities and the relevant legal framework will be shown in order to understand the comprehensive legal system to encourage university industry cooperation from the viewpoint of innovation strategy.

대학 총학생회 자치활동의 설명책임성을 위한 기록관리 방안 연구 - 명지대학교 총학생회를 중심으로 -

이유빈,이승휘 한국기록학회 2011 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.29

대학은 공공성을 띤 기관으로서 그 운영 과정상 사회에 대한 설명책임성(accountability)을 가진다. 이러한 대학을 이루는 구성원 중 다수를 차지하는 것이 바로 학생이다. 대학에서는 매년 수많은 연구 창작물이 쏟아져 나오고 있는데, 대학생은 이와 같은 기록물의 주요 생산자이다. 그러나 대학의 주체로서 매년 방대한 기록물을 생산해내고 있으면서도 대학생의 역할과 기능, 생산 기록물에 대한 집중적인 조명은 아직 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이처럼 기록학적 관점에서 대학생이 주체가 되어 생산된 기록물에 대한 중요성이 상대적으로 낮게 평가되어 왔던 것이 현실이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 대학생이 주체가 되어 생산한 기록에 대한 기록학적 관점에서의 접근을 시도하였다. 대학생이 생산하는 기록에는 연구 및 수업 과정에서 생산되는 기록뿐만 아니라 동아리, 학생회 등 각종 자치활동 과정에서 생산되는 기록 등 다양한 유형의 기록이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 특히 대학생 자치활동 과정에 초점을 맞추고, 대학생의 자치활동 과정에 대한 설명책임성 확보 방안에 중점을 두었다. 활동의 설명책임성 확보를 위해서는 기록관리가 기초되어야 한다. 따라서 대학생 자치활동의 설명책임성 확보를 위한 방안으로서 기록관리 체계화 및 기록 활용 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생 자치 조직인 대학 총학생회를 대상으로 분석하였으며, 구체적인 대상으로는 명지대학교 인문캠퍼스 총학생회를 선정하였다. 우선 총학생회의 활동과 조직 및 기능, 기록관리 현황 실태를 파악하기 위하여 총학생회장과의 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 대학 총학생회의 활동을 분석하고 그에 따른 설명책임성의 필요성에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 명지대학교 총학생회의 조직과 기능을 분석하여 각 단계에서 생산되어야 하는 기록의 종류와 특성을 도출하였다. 이처럼 총학생회의 활동과 설명책임성의 필요성, 조직 및 기능에 따른 생산 기록물의 유형을 도출한 후, 현재 총학생회의 기록관리 현황을 분석하였다. 먼저 총학생회 활동의 일반 프로세스 현황을 파악하기 위해 명지대학교 총학생회의 단계별 활동 프로세스를 분석하였다. 그리고 총학생회 기록관리 방법과 책임 주체를 분석하고 실태 분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 대학 총학생회의 설명책임성 확보를 위한 방안을 기록관리 과정 체계화, 기록관리 인프라 확립, 기록 활용을 통한 설명책임성 확보 방안의 세 가지 범주에서 제안하였다. 본 연구는 대학생 자치 조직인 총학생회를 대상으로, 총학생회의 활동과 기능을 분석하여 사회에 대한 설명책임성을 논하였다. 그리고 총학생회의 설명책임성 확보를 위한 방안으로서 기록관리 환경 정착에 대한 모형을 제안하였다. 그러나 총학생회는 1년 단위로 운영되는 조직이라는 점에서 기록관리 환경이 정착되기 힘든 한계점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계점을 지적하고, 총학생회 기록관리 모형 제시를 통해 차후 학생기록관리 분야에서 보다 활발한 연구가 이루어질 때 단초를 제공하고자 하였다. 또한 학교사(史) 정리와 보전 차원에서 본 연구에서 도출된 분석 결과가 의의를 가질 것으로 기대된다. A university is an organization charged with publicity and has accountability to the community for the operating process. Students account for a majority of members in a university. In universities, numerous creatures are pouring out every year and university students are major producers of these records. However, roles and functions of university students producing enormous amount of records as main agents of universities and focused concentration on produced records have not been made yet. It is reality that from the archival point of view, the importance of produced records of which main agents are university students has been relatively underestimated. In this background, this study attempted approach in archival point of view on records produced by university students, main agents. There are various types of records that university students produce such as records produced in the process of research and teaching as well as records produced in the process of various autonomy activities like clubs, students’ associations. This study especially focused on university student autonomy activity process and placed emphasis on accountability securing measures on autonomy activity process of university students. To secure accountability of activities, records management should be based. Therefore, as a way to ensure accountability of unversity students autonomy activity, we tried to present records management systematization and records utilization measures. For this, a student body, a university student autonomy organization was analyzed and a student body of Myongji University Humanities Campus was selected as a specific target. First, to identify records management status, activities and organization and functions of the student body, we conducted an interview with the president of the student body. Through this, we analyzed the activities of the university student body and examined the necessity of accountability accordingly. Also, we derived the types and characteristics of records to be produced at each stage by analyzing the organization and functions of the student body of Myongji University. Like this, after deriving the types of production records according to the necessity, organization and functions of accountability and activities of the student body, we analyzed records management status of the present student body. First, to identify the general process status of activities of the student body, we analyzed activity process by stage of the student body of Myongji University. And we analyzed records management method of the student body and responsibility principal and conducted real condition analysis. Through this analysis, we presented the measures to ensure accountability of a university student body in three categories such as systematization of records management process, establishment of records management infrastructure, accountability guarantee measures. This study discussed accountability on society by analyzing activities and functions of a student body, targeting a student body, an autonomy organization of university students. And as a measure to secure accountability of a student body, we proposed a model for records management environment settlement. But in terms that a student body is an organization operated in one year basis, there is a limit that records management environment is hard to settle. This study pointed out this limit and was to provide clues when more active researches were carried out in the field of student records management in the future through presentation of student body records management model. Also, it is expected that the analysis results derived from this research will have significance in terms of school history arrangement and conservation.

한국대학박물관의 역할변화와 바람직한 발전방향-대구한의대학교 박물관 사례를 중심으로-

김세기 한국대학박물관협회 2020 고문화 Vol.95 No.-

The University Museum in Korea was started in 1924 as a national educational institution at Yonsei College, the predecessor of Yonsei University. The aim of museum was to promote national education and research to students and citizens without losing cultural identity. A little later, museums were opened at Korea University and Ewha Women University. After the independence, as the university museums increased, The Korean Association of University Museums was founded in 1961. The association emphasized the role of the university museum in its founding statement. The local university museum has a critical mission to be responsible for the protection, research and dissemination of the cultural assets of the region. The Cultural Heritage Protection Act was enacted in 1961, allowing the university to investigate burial cultural property. In 1967, universities were compulsory to install museums, which led to the rapid development of university museums. Thus, the university museum has made excavation, collection of relics and conservation research an important function. By the 1990s, over 50% of the nation’s excavations were undertaken by university museums. Since the mid-1990s, many excavation firms have been established nationwide. As these corporations took up most of the excavation, the role of excavation in the university museum was neglected. As a result, university museums are threatened by the failure to find new tracks. In order to escape this crisis, university museums sought new development directions. It is working with the community and local governments and responding to the age of lifelong education by developing interesting programs. This study examines the case of Daegu Haany University Museum that has successfully changed the university museum. The Daegu Haany University Museum utilizes the characteristics of the university and has developed and operated a unique program that is not found in other universities. As a result, it has received great acclaim by suggesting new development directions for university museums not only in local communities but also nationwide. 한국의 대학박물관은 일제시기인 1924년 연세대학교의 전신인 연희전문학교에서 민족교육기관으로 서 문화적 정체성을 잃지 않고, 학생과 시민들에게 민족교육과 연구를 진작시키려는 의미로 시작되었다. 이보다 조금 늦게 고려대학교와 이화여자대학교에서 박물관을 개관하여 역사, 미술, 민속, 고고학, 자연과학 등에 관한 자료를 수집, 보존 및 연구하는 역할을 수행하였다. 광복 후에 대학박물관이 늘어나면서 1961년 한국대학박물관협회가 창립되었다. 협회는 창립취지문에서 대학박물관의 역할을 강조하고 각 지방의 대학박물관은 그 지역의 문화재에 대한 보호, 연구 및 보급에 대한 책임을 져야 할 중차대한 사명을 가지고 있다고 천명하여 대학박물관의 중요성을 강조하였다. 이후 1961년 문화재보호법이 제정되어 대학이 매장문화재 발굴조사를 할 수 있게 되고, 1967년에 대학설치 기준령이 개정되어 종합대학에 박물관 설치를 의무화하면서 대학박물관의 비약적 발전을 이루게 된다. 그리하여 대학박물관의 발굴조사 역할은 대학박물관의 사명인 유물의 수집, 보존연구와 함께 중요한 기능으로 자리하게 된다. 1990년대 발굴유물의 국가기관 보관이 법률화되기까지 전국 발굴조사의 50% 이상을 대학박물관이 담당하게 되었다. 그러나 1990년대 중반 이후 전국에 많은 발굴전문법인들이 설립되고 이 기관들이 발굴조사의 대부분 을 담당하게 되면서 대학박물관의 발굴조사 역할은 미미하게 되고 대학박물관들은 새로운 활로를 찾지 않으면 그 존립을 위협받게 되었다. 이러한 위기를 벗어나기 위해서 대학박물관들은 새로운 발전방향을 모색하게 되는데, 그것은 지역사회와 지방자치단체 등과 협력하고, 흥미 있는 프로그램의 개발로 평생교육 시대에 호응하는 일이다. 여기서는 대학박물관의 성공적인 변화를 이룩한 대구한의대학교 박물관 특성화 사례를 살펴보았다. 대구한의대학교 박물관은 대학의 특성을 살리고, 다른 대학에 없는 독특한 프로그램을 자체개발 운영함으로써 지역사회는 물론 전국적으로 대학박물관의 새로운 발전방향을 제시하여 큰 호응을 얻고 있다.

Building an Eco-city:university Dragon Boat Racing"s Effect and Self-development----Case Study of Jimei district in Xiamen, China

( Yihui Cheng ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: the effect of university sport has always been ignored by people, while in fact it really has a deep and wide effect to the area around the university. There are several famous universities in Jimei district, Xiamen, China, dragon boat racing has already become an important part of university sport in these universities, people not only students but also local people, tourists all attracted by the exciting chinese traditional sports game. This study has the objective to explore the effects that the university sport----university dragon boat racing provides to build the eco-city, analyze its social, economical, educational and cultural functions and find a good way for its own development in the process of building the eco-city. Method: The methods used in the study are field research, literature review and expert interview. The methods used here is to review the former research for finding the experience and to find the real function of university dragon boat racing for building the eco-city. Result: university dragon boat racing is not only a school game affecting the schools where it played, which is also a game affecting the area around the university. The effect includes social area, cultural environment, education and economical development. All these parts are the element of eco-environment, so the racing has great effect to eco-environment. Just because of these effects, the society made a good environment for the development of university dragon boat racing. For developing university dragon boat racing well, it should find a suitable way to match the city``s image and explore the culture value. university dragon boat racing is also a way for education, teaching the tradional culture. Conclusion: Firstly, the university dragon boat racing has great effect for building the eco-city, which has social function, educational function, cultural function and economical function. Secondly, to fulfill these function, university dragon boat racing should find its own way both for its self-development and affecting the environment.