서로 다른 특성의 시계열 데이터 통합 프레임워크 제안 및 활용

황지수(Jisoo Hwang),문재원(Jaewon Moon) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2022 방송공학회논문지 Vol.27 No.6

With the development of the IoT industry, different types of time series data are being generated in various industries, and it is evolving into research that reproduces and utilizes it through re-integration. In addition, due to data processing speed and issues of the utilization system in the actual industry, there is a growing tendency to compress the size of data when using time series data and integrate it. However, since the guidelines for integrating time series data are not clear and each characteristic such as data description time interval and time section is different, it is difficult to use it after batch integration. In this paper, two integration methods are proposed based on the integration criteria setting method and the problems that arise during integration of time series data. Based on this, integration framework of a heterogeneous time series data was constructed that is considered the characteristics of time series data, and it was confirmed that different heterogeneous time series data compressed can be used for integration and various machine learning.

GLONASS 측위를 위한 위성좌표 산출 정확도 향상 방안

이호석,박관동,김혜인 한국측량학회 2010 한국측량학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Precise determination of satellite positions is necessary to improve positioning accuracy in GNSS. In this study,GLONASS orbits were predicted from broadcast ephemeris using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method and their accuracy dependence on the integration step and the integration time was analyzed. The 3D RMS (Root Mean Square) differences between the results from 1-second integration step and 300-second integration step was about 3 cm, but the processing time was one hundred times less for the 1-second integration time case. For trials of different integration times, the 3D RMS errors were 8.3 m, 187.3 m, and 661.5 m for 30-, 150-, and 300-minutes of integration time, respectively. Though this integration-time analysis, we concluded that the accuracy gets higher with a shorter integration time. Thus we suggest forward and backward integration methods to improve GLONASS positioning accuracy, and with this method we can achieve a 5-meter level of 3-D orbit accuracy. 위성항법시스템에서 정확한 위성궤도결정 기술은 측위 정확도 향상의 필수적인 조건이다. 이 연구에서는GLONASS의 방송궤도력과 4차 Runge-Kutta 수치적분법을 이용하여 위성좌표를 결정하였으며, 적분간격과 적분시간에 따른 위성궤도의 정확도를 비교하였다. 적분간격에 따른 위성궤도 정확도 분석결과, 적분간격이 1초일때와 300초일 때의 3차원 RMS 오차의 차이가 3cm에 불과한 반면 처리시간은 100배 이상 향상되었다. 적분시간에 따른 위성좌표의 3차원RMS 오차는 적분시간이 30분, 150분, 300분일 때 각각 8.3m, 187.3m, 661.5m로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 적분시간을 짧게 할수록 정확도가 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 GLONASS 측위를 위한 위성좌표 결정의 정확도 향상을 위해 적분시간을 최소화 할 수 있는 Forward와 Backward 적분을 적용하는 방안을 제안하였으며, 이와 같은 방법을 사용할 경우 5m이하의 위성좌표 산출 정확도를 확보할 수 있다.

빌 비올라(Bill Viola)의 비디오 작품에 대한 현상학적 고찰 : 통합적 환경과 실존적 주제

안선미 ( Sun-mee Ahn ) 한국미학예술학회 2016 美學·藝術學硏究 Vol.49 No.-

본 연구는 빌 비올라(Bill Viola)의 작품에 나타난 현상학적 특징에 관한 고찰이다. 비올라의 작품은 근본적으로 시간성과 신체 체험성에 기반하고, 주제적인 측면에서도 시간성의 통합의 귀결인 실존성과 접목된다. 따라서 본 논문은 비올라의 작품을 시간성과 신체의 통합성, 그리고 실존성의 측면에서 고찰한 연구라고 할 수 있다. 연구자는 에드문트 후설(Edmund Husserl)에서 시작한 현상학적시간성은 마르틴 하이데거(Martin Heidegger)와 모리스 메를로 퐁티(Maurice Merleau Ponty)에 이르면 시간과 신체의 통합이 존재의 실존성으로 이어진다는 점을 조망하면서, 비올라 작품에서 나타나는 시간성에 기초한 신체 체험적 특징들을 현상학적 개념들과 연계시키고 더불어 주제적인 특징들도 현상학의 존재론적 측면에서의 실존성으로 고찰하고자 한다. 비올라의 시간 조작은 정지, 슬로모션, 클로즈업 등의 다양한 형태로 나타나는데, 비올라는 이러한 시간조작을 통해 내적인 시간의식을 표현하려 했다. 그것은 인간의 외부에 존재하는 수치화된 객관적 시간이 아닌, 인간 내면의 의식에서 흐르는 시간성이다. 이러한 비올라의 시간 의식은 후설의 `내적 의식으로서의 시간` 개념과 맞닿아 있다. 비올라의 작품에서 보이는 클로즈업은 작가의 심리적인 역동성을 보여주고, 또한 슬로모션의 사용은 인간의 감정을 관객에게 효과적으로 전달하면서 관객에게 내적 체험을 일으킨다고 할 수 있다. 연구자는 스크린을 병치시키거나 또는 시간을 역행시키는 비올라의 시간 조작을 하이데거의 `탈자(Ekstatikon)` 개념으로 설명했다. 과거, 현재, 미래의 스크린을 병치시키는 비올라의 작품은, 현재의 의식 속에서 미래와의 연계와 과거의 소환으로 통합되는 시간성을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 또한 시간을 역행시키는 비올라의 시간 조작은 `장래(Zukunft)`를 미리 선행시켜서 현전으로 복귀한다는 하이데거의 `시간의 통합`과 연계하여 설명했다. 비올라의 죽음에 대한 표상은 두 가지 측면에서 고찰하였는데, 하나는 부활이나 환생이라는 의미보다는 실존적으로 불안의 요소를 관객에게 제시한다는 부조리로서의 죽음으로, 다른 측면은 `선구적 결의(Vorlaufende Entschlossenheit)`의 수단으로서의 죽음으로 이해했다. 관객의 감각을 자극하여 총체적인 지각으로 이끌려는 비올라의 의도는, 설치 공간을 따로 마련하면서 관객의 지각에 더 효과적으로 작용하게 된다. 어두운 공간에 프로젝션이나 오브제를 설치하고 음향 효과를 주면서 관객의 지각을 이끌어내는 환경은 메를로 퐁티의 `감각의 통합`과 연계된다고 볼 수 있다. `감각의 통합`은 관객의 지각을 작동시키고 결국 관객의 신체가 설치공간과 일체감을 이루게 만드는 비올라의 작품은, 메를로 퐁티의 `신체의 통합`에 의한 `세계의 통합`의 개념으로 이해될 수 있다. This study attempts to examine the phenomenological characteristics in the works of Bill Viola. His artistic works are generally based on the conception of time and the bodily experience and their themes are also related to the existentiality attained through the unity of time. Therefore this could be accounted as a research to examine the video works of Bill Viola from the perspectives of the conception of time, the bodily experience and the existentiality. Bearing in mind that phenomenological conception of time, launched by Edmund Husserl and critically developed by Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, evolved into the existentiality of a being through the incorporation of time and body, this study aims to connect the characteristics of the bodily experience based on the conception of time in Viola`s works to the concepts of phenomenology and to explore their thematic characteristics through the existentiality from the ontological perspective of phenomenology. In his video work, Viola uses various kinds of camera techniques to manipulate the stream of time such as a stand-still, slow motion, close-up and others. Through the manipulation of time, he tries to represent internal consciousness of time. This is not the time to be numerically counted and objectively existing outside world but the one to flow in the human mind. This thesis proves that such Viola`s sense of time meets with Husserl`s concept of `time as internal consciousness`. The close-up in Viola`s video art shows his psychological dynamism and the use of slow motion conveys the human emotion effectively to audience and arouses internal experience in them. In this thesis, Viola`s time manipulation through the juxtaposition of screens or retrogression of time is explained by Heidegger`s concept of `Ekstatikon`. Putting the screens representing the past, present and future respectively side by side can be interpreted to show the conception of time which is unified through the anticipated future and the recalled past in the consciousness of the present. Also retrogression of time in Viola`s work is explained in connection with Heidegger`s `unity of time` which brings `the future(Zukunft)` to the present by projecting towards the future. Viola`s representation of the death is examined from two perspectives; first it is understood as the death of the absurdity which brings up the element of existential anxiety to audience rather than the meaning of resurrection or reincarnation, second as the death of a means for `resoluteness(Vorlaufende Entschlossenheit)`. Viola`s intention to induce the total perception by stimulating the senses of the audience works more effectively on the perception of the audience in the specifically prepared installation space. The environment where the bodily experiences are induced by installing projection or objects in the dark space and giving sound effects can be seen to have a connection to Merleau-Ponty`s `the integration of the senses`. Viola`s works in which `integrated senses` bring about the perception of the audience and their bodies are led to feel the unity with installation space can be understood with the Merleau-Ponty`s concept of `the integration of the world` through `the integration of the body`.

Time integration of unsteady nonhydrostatic equations with dual time stepping and multigrid methods

Elsevier 2018 Journal of computational physics Vol.374 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A time integration method based on dual time stepping coupled with a multigrid and implicit iterative solver is discussed for overcoming the temporal stiffness associated with modeling unsteady atmospheric flows. Adopting the dual time stepping allows solving an unsteady flow problem as a steady-state one by introducing a pseudo-time derivative into the governing equations. Consequently, the model uses a large time step and leads to a reduction in computational time. In the framework of the dual time stepping, a full approximation storage multigrid and lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel implicit solver are employed to accelerate convergence in a structured, quadrilateral grid. The discretization of a physical-time derivative is based on a second-order backward differentiation formula or a family of singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta methods. The spatial terms of nonhydrostatic equations are discretized with a second-order Roe scheme in the finite volume method. To assess the performance of the model in terms of accuracy and efficiency, which are indicated by the normalized error norms and wall-clock time, respectively, three idealized tests are performed with the unsteady flow problems of isentropic vortex, rising thermal bubble and inertia-gravity waves. The results of numerical experiments consistently demonstrate that the dual time stepping coupled with explicit-first, singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta and multigrid methods is more efficient than the three-stage, third-order explicit Runge–Kutta method with comparable accuracy. The numerical experiment also indicates that the dual time stepping is more efficient when a stretched grid is employed. The efficiency in the framework of the dual time stepping is dependent on various numerical factors, including a multigrid level and cycle, Butcher coefficients, an implicit solver and a physical-time step.</P>

Analysis of delay compensation in real-time dynamic hybrid testing with large integration time-step

Fei Zhu,Jin-Ting Wang,Feng Jin,Yao Gui,Meng-Xia Zhou 국제구조공학회 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.14 No.6

With the sub-stepping technique, the numerical analysis in real-time dynamic hybrid testing is split into the response analysis and signal generation tasks. Two target computers that operate in real-time may be assigned to implement these two tasks, respectively, for fully extending the simulation scale of the numerical substructure. In this case, the integration time-step of solving the dynamic response of the numerical substructure can be dozens of times bigger than the sampling time-step of the controller. The time delay between the real and desired feedback forces becomes more striking, which challenges the well-developed delay compensation methods in real-time dynamic hybrid testing. This paper focuses on displacement prediction and force correction for delay compensation in the real-time dynamic hybrid testing with a large integration time-step. A new displacement prediction scheme is proposed based on recently-developed explicit integration algorithms and compared with several commonly-used prediction procedures. The evaluation of its prediction accuracy is carried out theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Results indicate that the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed prediction method are of significance.

Analysis of delay compensation in real-time dynamic hybrid testing with large integration time-step

Zhu, Fei,Wang, Jin-Ting,Jin, Feng,Gui, Yao,Zhou, Meng-Xia Techno-Press 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.14 No.6

With the sub-stepping technique, the numerical analysis in real-time dynamic hybrid testing is split into the response analysis and signal generation tasks. Two target computers that operate in real-time may be assigned to implement these two tasks, respectively, for fully extending the simulation scale of the numerical substructure. In this case, the integration time-step of solving the dynamic response of the numerical substructure can be dozens of times bigger than the sampling time-step of the controller. The time delay between the real and desired feedback forces becomes more striking, which challenges the well-developed delay compensation methods in real-time dynamic hybrid testing. This paper focuses on displacement prediction and force correction for delay compensation in the real-time dynamic hybrid testing with a large integration time-step. A new displacement prediction scheme is proposed based on recently-developed explicit integration algorithms and compared with several commonly-used prediction procedures. The evaluation of its prediction accuracy is carried out theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Results indicate that the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed prediction method are of significance.

백석 시의 시간 연구

유병관 ( Yoo Byung-kwan ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2007 국제어문 Vol.39 No.-

이 연구는 백석의 시에 나타난 시간 의식을 중심으로 그의 시가 가지는 시사적 의미를 살피고 있다. 백석이 활동하던 1930년대의 우리 사회는 급격한 시공간의 변화를 겪는다. 전통적 삶과 리듬이 무차별적으로 소멸하고 새로운 근대적 생활 리듬으로 대체된다. 근대의 시간은 이전과는 아주 이질적이고 선분화된, 무의미하게 소멸하는 시간으로 인식되게 된다. 백석의 초기시 중 중요한 한 축을 이루는 유년기의 기억을 그린 시들은 현재의 시간-근대적 시간의 틈입을 거부한 채, 소멸하는 전통적인 시간-순환적이고 통합적인 시간을 복원하고 기록하고 있다는 점이 눈에 띈다. 다음으로 풍물이나 풍경의 한 장면을 그린 작품에서는 근대적 시간의 흐름과는 무관하게 존재하는, 그로부터 빗겨난 삶과 풍경들이 그려지고 있다. 그러면서도 이러한 삶들이 소멸과 퇴락의 위기 속에서도 의미로 `충만하게 채워지거나` `끈질기게 지속`되고 있음을 그리고 있다. 여기에서는 근대의 시간과 속도가 주는 압박으로부터 이탈하고 싶은 욕망이 드러난다. 한편 근대의 시간으로부터 비롯된 주체의 소외와 불안은 기행, 혹은 유랑의 길에서 그 치유의 방법을 모색하게 되는데, 여행―유랑 시편은 여기에 의미가 있다. 그 과정에서 백석은 영속하는 시간을 발견한다. 무지막지한 속도와 모든 것을 소멸시키는 근대적 시간의 자장 아래서 영속하는 시간의 발견이야말로 백석 자신의 상실감을 치유하고 정체성을 유지하는 길이었으며, 한편으로 자신의 시 쓰기의 정당성을 확보해 주는 근거였던 것이다. This study examined the narrative meaning of Baek, Seok`s poetry in terms of the time in his poetry. In the 1930s when Baek, Seok was active, the Korean society saw rapid changes in time and space. Traditional lives and rhythms were recklessly destroyed and replaced by modern rhythms. Modern time was recognized as something that is very different from traditional time and that is segmented to disappear with no meaning. Baek, Seok`s early poetry on his childhood memories, which takes an important portion of his early creations, is characterized by the facts that it rejects the gap between present and modern times and revives and records both disappearing traditional time and circulative integrated time. In addition, Baek, Seok`s pieces on folk activities or landscapes show lives and sceneries that exist afar from the flow of modern time. These pieces express his desire to break away from the pressure of modern time and speed. Baek, Seok sought to solve his isolation from modern time and anxiety from journey or wandering, and this is why his poetry on journey and wandering is meaningful. In this process, Baek, Seok discovered eternal time. Discovery of eternal time within modern time which destroyed everything in enormous speed was how Baek, Seok healed his loss, maintained identity, and gave reasonable meaning to his poetry.

석정 중기시의 시간과 현실 의식

강희안(Hee-Ahn Kang) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.57 No.-

  The initial Seokjeong"s world of poetry started from the past-oriented lyric poems incisive historical consciousness of mid of his times and shows the winding awareness of time in the late mythological world orientation. In here time is not a mere symbol or subject, but collected as a drive of actuality awareness aroused by meeting of the poet and the object in the poems. Furthermore, It is not only the principle of generating poem"s inner meaning, but also the frame of total and detail perception involved in subjects. In this paper awareness of time is a measure showing how Seokjeong integrate the ideal with reality and ontological orientation, and it also functions as a drive consisting of Seokjeong"s internal meaning system and the system of imagination.<BR>  When Seokjeong"s middle of the poems glacier(1956), take social historical reality significantly differently from those his initial poems, time is not a simple mechanism, but the implicit theory Seokjeong is oriented and the structure of consciousness to integrate the ideals and realities and the guide to the system of the imagination as well. This paper shows that the specification of the Seokjeong"s mid poems" characteristics consist of the horizontal awareness of time. This is revealed as the two-oriented structure, reverse (←) or forward (→).<BR>  First, as a form of reverse(←) Seokjeong"s mid poems borrow the past revealing the attitudes of accepting the stream of time. Memories are the ruminating of yesterday osmosed in the present, one of the recalls scattered in the debris of the past to regain one of the creative recalls. They are also liberated from self-integration confined in the past. Second, in the form of a forward(→), the form of future-oriented present, which is the current time of the act and expressed as the attitude of consciousness in Seokjeong"s poems. The confusion and disorder of the times trying to solve the conflict between ego and historical identities are routinely converted into the future by the time switch. This can be done on the premise that they try to get immersed in the time of universe chaos, is self-consecutive time, in here, the continuity of time becomes the parameter of equality which can be proved to be a positive force of the future and awaken the history as well.<BR>  And later verified, two structures of time in Seokjeong"s mid poems as emotion adhered closely to history are the results of his frustration and pain that he had suffered trying to improve things into a new world. But it is the factor of consciousness of history that revealed based on life basis of ego of subjective awareness of self-consciousness. Thus, Seokjeong"s mid poems are the transitional product of poet"s spirit escaping from his initial lyricism, based on the self-consciousness that negative historical reality of repression can not succumb to pressure based on strong historical awareness.

Exploring Time-Predictable and High-Performance Last-Level Caches for Hard Real-Time Integrated CPU-GPU Processors

Xin Wang,Wei Zhang 한국정보과학회 2020 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.14 No.3

Time predictability is crucial for hard real-time and safety-critical systems. In an integrated CPU-GPU (graphic processing units) architecture, the shared last-level cache (LLC) can cause a large number of interferences between CPU and GPU LLC accesses with diverse patterns and characteristics, which can significantly impact the performance and time predictability of both CPUs and GPUs. In this paper, we explore cache partitioning, locking, and a combination of them to make the LLC time-predictable for integrated CPU-GPUs while achieving high performance. By evaluating these LLC management approaches, we can provide real-time system developers recommendations on the most effective time-predictable LLC designs for heterogeneous CPU-GPU multicore processors.

국방정보체계 실시간 서비스 통합 방안 연구: 국방 REST API Server 참조모델 설계 분석

박용탁,김도영 광운대학교 방위사업연구소 2021 선진국방연구 Vol.4 No.3

This study designs a reference model of the Defense REST API server based on the representational state transfer (REST) architecture style to present the most efficient, stable, and sustainable technical criteria for real-time service integration of defense information systems in Korea. The purpose of this component is to provide evidence to be stipulated as part of the Korean Defense Ministry's instructions and regulations, such as the Defense Interoperability Management Directive and the Interoperability Guide, and to support the development of the National Defense Interworking Technology and Interoperability. As the defense information system was subdivided and developed by the army, navy, air force, or business functions, interworking between information systems has become one of the most important factors. However, despite the need for advanced service integration and interworking, various interconnection service modules based on enterprise application integration (EAI), EAI hubs, and spokes were developed at a level that met local requirements (simple data transmission) without specific criteria for each network or information system. As a result, most of the interconnection modules currently in operation suffer from the absence of a technical spectrum, such as not meeting the military's demands for real-time interconnection and service integration, which increases with time. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the above problems by integrating the defense information system into one service and presenting a reference model of the defense REST API server to meet various real-time interworking requirements, analyze the technical basis, and pursue a model that fits military reality. 본 연구는 representational state transfer(REST) Architecture Style을 기반으로 국방 REST API Server의 참조모델을 설계하여 국방정보체계의 실시간 서비스 통합을 위한 가장 효율적이고 안정적이며 지속가능한 기술적 기준을 제시한다. 또한, 그 구성요소가 국방상호운용성관리지시, 연동지침서 등의 국방부 지시 및 규정의 한 부분으로 명문화될 수 있도록 근거를 제시하여 추후 국방 연동기술 및 상호운용성의 발전에 보탬이 되는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 국방 정보체계의 육⋅해⋅공군별 그리고 업무기능별 세분된 발전은 물리적으로 떨어진 정보체계 간의 연동을 시스템의 완성도를 높이는 매우 중요한 요소가 되게 하였다. 하지만, 대한민국 국방의 연동체계는 이러한 환경적 요구에도 불구하고 enterprise application integration(EAI), EAI Hub & Spoke 등을 기반으로 한 연동 서비스 모듈이 망(Network, 전장망/자원망 등) 또는 정보체계별로 특별한 기준 없이 지엽적인 요구사항(단순 데이터 전송)을 충족시키는 수준에서 개발되었을 뿐 궁극적인 서비스 통합에는 이르지 못하였다. 그 결과, 현재 운용 중인 대부분의 연동 모듈은 시대 변화에 따라 높아지는 실시간 연동 및 서비스 통합에 대한 군의 요구사항을 만족시키지 못하는 등 기술적 스펙트럼의 부재를 겪고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국방 정보체계를 하나의 서비스로 통합하고 다양한 실시간 연동의 요구사항을 충족하기 위해 국방 REST API Server의 참조모델을 제시하고 기술적 근거를 분석하여 군의 현실에 맞는 모델을 통해 위의 문제점들을 해결하는 방향을 찾고자 한다.