경쟁적 환경이 e-Biz통합의 결정요인 구성과 경영성과에 미치는 영향

한봉호,김철수,서창수 한국경영정보학회 2011 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.21 No.2

These days, firms are focusing on the improvement of relationships with business partners. The supply chain integrations are taking critical role in improving the relationships with business partners. In accordance with the development of the IT technology, it became possible for firms not only to integrate inner parts of the organization, but also to integrate the company with other organizations in the supply chain. Therefore, in e-Biz environments, it is imperative for firms to strengthen the core capacity through the supply chain, and to precisely determine the components of the determinants of e-Business integration which impact the firm performance. This study analyzed determinants that have impacts on e-business integration in e-business capacity perspectives in competitive environments. This study based on the premise that the resources and capacities that Grant[1991] and Hart[1995] emphasized do not directly influence the corporate performance. This study focused on the fact that corporate must create core competencies based on these capacities to establish competitive edge. Therefore, this study model analyzed to find out which e-Biz competencies are needed to integrate e-Biz according to competitive environment elements. This study designed to empirically analyze the impact of the e-Biz competencies to the e-Biz integration and to the corporate performance. Independent variables of this study-IT management, partner management, e-Biz knowledge, e-Biz establishment and proliferation, process innovation-are selected based on precedent studies on e-Biz competencies. We selected intermediate variables to verify that e-Biz competencies do not have direct impact on the corporate performance, but have impact on the e-Biz integration, which is intermediate effect. That is to verify that if the components of supply chain improve the integration level using e-Biz competencies, the overall supply chain performances will improve. Dependent variables are selected to verify that e-Biz integration has impacts on corporate performances. This study used factor analysis, path analysis, moderating effect analysis as statistical tests. First, we used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to analyze reliability and validity. Because e-Biz competencies are presented variously by preceding studies, we used SPSS16.0 to verify if survey questionnaire used by theoretical backgrounds is properly composed. Second, we tested the property of structure model by AMOS. We did path analysis using AMOS16.0 to test structure that is composed of e-Biz competencies and e-Biz integration. Last, we tested moderating effects of measure factors. We analyzed 163 domestic companies to find out many significant suggestive points. First, relationship improvement capacity, e-business knowledge sharing capacity with business partners, and process innovation capacity are adopted as determinants of differentiation and competitive edges against competing firms. Second, e-business knowledge sharing capacity, and process innovation capacity are analyzed as the determinants of e-business integration in the firm which demand fluctuation in the market is high. On the other hand, among the determinants that require capturing ideas on new products, and strengthening the technological power, process innovation capacity are adopted as the determinants. These results provide us the foundation that the determinants that we have analyzed can impact the supply chain integration strategies which take into account the competitive environments.

통일한국에서 사회통합 연구

오기성 한국평화종교학회 2020 평화와 종교 Vol.0 No.9

This paper considers the issue of social integration between North Korea and South Korea from the perspective of harmony of consciousness and values as well as the problems of structure and system. It proposes the need to have social integration prepared on a structural level wherein basic rights such as living opportunities are guaranteed in terms of systems and policies, and the importance of carefully considering a philosophical and value orientation as a fundamental foundation for such integration. In this context, this paper looks firstly at the meaning and types of social integration, secondly at the socio-cultural conflict patterns that could arise in a unified country, thirdly, at the philosophical and value orientation needed to ease such conflicts and build a better human-like and peaceful life, and finally, at our tasks in bringing about successful social integration in a unified Korea. To ensure a smooth social integration between the two Koreas, this paper proposes implementing the following tasks: promoting the recovery and normalization of the North Korean regional economy for the sake of balanced living opportunities; investing efforts toward igniting exchanges between the two Koreas for more diverse exchanges and cooperation; making practical efforts to enhance South Korea’s capacity to form a peace culture as a basis for social integration within South Korea itself prior to social integration between the two Koreas; and developing South Korea’s integration capabilities through prior practice of such integration, beginning with North Korean refugees in South Korea, who are so called “a future that has arrived first”. 본 연구는 통일을 체계와 제도의 문제 뿐 아니라 의식과 가치관의 화합이라는 관점에서 남북한 사회통합의 문제를 고찰하였다. 사회통합은 제도와 정책 측면에서 생활기회 등 기본권의 보장을 실현하는 구조적 통합 차원의 준비가 필요한 한편, 통합의 근본 토대인 철학적· 가치론적 지향을 철저하게 고민해야 함을 제시하였다. 이러한 맥락에서 이 연구는 첫째, 사회통합의 의미와 유형을 살펴보고, 둘째, 통일한국에서 발생할 수 있는 사회문화적 갈등 양상을 고찰하였으며, 셋째, 갈등을 완화하고 보다 나은 인간답고 평화로운 삶을 일구기 위한 철학적· 가치론적 측면을 성찰, 제시하고, 끝으로 통일한국에서 성공적인 사회통합을 위한 우리의 과제에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 원활한 남북한 사회통합의 과제로서 생활기회 형평성을 위한 북한 지역 경제의 회복과 정상화, 다양한 교류협력 차원에서 남북 지자체간 교류 물꼬트기를 위한 노력, 남북한 사회통합 이전에 남한 사회의 통합의 기반이 되는 평화문화 형성 역량을 신장하려는 실질적 노력, 탈북민과의 ‘먼저 온 미래’의 연습을 통한 통일이전 사회통합의 실천을 통한 통합 역량 증대를 제안하였다.

경기도 에너지비전 2030 실현을 위한 시군 평가 모델 개발

고재경,박훈,예민지 경기연구원 2018 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

For the realization of ‘Gyeonggi-Do Energy Vision 2030’, participation and cooperation of 31 local governments as "energy community" is essential. The purpose of this study is to develop an energy policy evaluation model at the municipal level as a means to enhance the integration of energy vision policy between Gyeonggi-Do and local governments, and to provide policy suggestions and implications of evaluation indicators by conducting pilot evaluation. The evaluation model consists of two parts : "energy policy performance and capacity" and "energy self-reliance effort". The former is comprised of energy efficiency(5 indicators), energy production(4 indicators) and institutional foundations(6 indicators), and the latter is divided into energy program performance(4 indicators) and capacity enhancement(2 indicators). When applying the same weight to the indicators, urban areas such as Ansan, Suwon, Anyang, Gwangmyeong, and Seongnam occupied the top of the overall ranking. These regions have relatively strong institutional foundations for energy policy promotion and high civil society capacity. Gwangmyeong, Gwacheon, and Anyang ranked high in the energy efficiency sector, and Hanam, Icheon and Pyeongtaek were rated the lowest. Gapyeong, Ansan, and Anyang ranked high in the energy production sector, and the rankings of Uiwang, Hanam and Gwacheon were low. Ansan, Gwangmyeong and Suwon have the best institutional capacity, while Paju, Guri, Icheon and Gwacheon are weak. Ansan, Suwon, Yangpyeong performed well in the energy self-reliance effort sector, and Icheon, Hanam, Kimpo ranked low. The preliminary evaluation shows the gap among local governments’ capacity and will to implement energy policy is large. In order to encourage local government efforts, a two-track approach which assesses improvement compared with the previous year in addition to the absolute evaluation is needed. Second, it is necessary to expand financial support to strengthen institutional capacity of local governments. Third, the energy efficiency sector is difficult to reflect efforts of local governments. energy efficiency improvement program should be expanded in areas where energy efficiency is low and energy consumption growth rate is high. Fourth, when we applied the simple average method and weighted by AHP analysis, most of the top and bottom local governments did not show a large change in the overall ranking, but the middle local governments showed a change in rankings. Consensus on weights is needed. It would also be possible to replace the weights by increasing the number of indicators with high policy priorities. Fifth, it is desirable to evaluate according to types of regions such as urban areas, rural areas, and industrial cities, and it is necessary to revise and complement the evaluation standards, methods, and indicators. The evaluation indicator functions as a dashboard that monitors the status of Gyeonggi-Do Energy Vision and the policy demand of local governments. It also identifies areas with poor performance by sector and adjusts policy priorities to reduce regional disparities and improve policy capacity. In addition, each local government can use the indicators as a tool to diagnose its energy policy capacity. The evaluation model can promote energy policy linkage and integration by providing incentives to high-performing local governments. Among the components of the evaluation model, the evaluation needs to focus on "energy self-reliance effort", while ‘energy policy performance and capacity" can be used as a dashboard showing the energy status of local governments. It is desirable to increase the acceptability by engaging local governments in the evaluation design. Second, the evaluation system needs to be established at the Gyeonggi-Do Energy Center to enhance its function as an energy platform. Third, in the early stage, the same incentives are provided to cities that meet certain criteria by an absolute evaluati

Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Information Technology and Task Performance of Firms

Chang, Jin Yong,Moon, Kyu Sun,Lee, Yoo Hwan,Seo, Young Wook 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2018 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.18 No.5

This study explores the structural relationship between information technology and task performance of firms via leadership performance and absorptive capacity by using a survey of 288 samples across the different industry sectors in South Korea. In the empirical model framework, we adopted the structural equation model for analyzing input-output relationships between information technology and task performance. First, the findings show that IT utilization and IT infrastructure have a positive impact on the absorptive capacity directly and task performance of firms indirectly. Second, self-sacrificial leadership in the division of labor also has a positive impact on the absorptive capacity. Third, absorptive capacity and task performance of firms have a positive relationship with a high degree of statistical significance. In the moderating effect, the integration of board of directors plays a significant role in the relationship between absorptive capacity and task performance of firms. Finally, in the total effect of path coefficients, IT infrastructure has highest impact on the task performance than the other two independent variables.

Marketing Standardization and Performance of Korean Exporters: Moderating Effect of Functional Integration and Absorptive Capacity

Insik Jeong(정인식),Hyo Eun Cho(조효은) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2021 경영경제연구 Vol.43 No.4

국제 경영 분야에서 마케팅 표준화의 중요성과 효과 대한 연구들이 오랫동안 진행되었다. 기존의 표준화-성과 간의 실증 연구를 살펴보면, 표준화가 기업 성과를 향상시킨다는 연구결과가 있지만, 표준화가 기업 성과를 저해시키거나 영향을 미치지 않는다는 연구 결과도 나타났다. 이에, 최근에는 단순히 마케팅 표준화와 기업 성과 간의 주 효과에만 집중하기보다는, 다양한 상황 변수들의 특성을 고려해서 언제 또는 어떻게 표준화의 긍정적인 측면이 강화되어 성과에 더욱 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지를 밝히는 것이 중요하다는 주장이 나타나기 시작했다. 본 연구는 마케팅 표준화와 성과 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 더 나아가 기업의 흡수역량과 조직통합이 글로벌 시장에서 표준화된 마케팅을 활용하는 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 한국 수출업체들을 대상으로 살펴본 결과 표준화 정도는 기업 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 기업의 흡수역량과 조직통합의 정도가 표준화-성과 간의 관계에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 본 연구는 마케팅 표준화-성과 간에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검증함으로써 학문적 및 실무적 관점에서 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The objective of this study is to explore the nature of the relationship between marketing standardization and organizational performance in international markets. Previous research has reported inconsistent findings concerning the performance implications of marketing standardization–the effect might be either positive, negative or not significant. Recent empirical studies have argued the focal relationship may be contingent on various firm-internal and -external factors. Given the lack of theoretical underpinnings within the international marketing strategy literature, we apply the information processing perspective to explain the effectiveness of standardized marketing can vary depending upon crucial organizational characteristics such as functional integration and absorptive capacity within the organization. We test the proposed hypotheses with survey data collected from 178 manufacturing exporters in Korea. Multiple regression results indicate that the positive relationship between standardization of marketing activities and performance can be stronger for firms with greater functional integration and absorptive capacity. This study sheds light on the role of functional integration and absorptive capacity that will facilitate information processing within an organization, which in turn will enhance the utility of marketing standardization in international markets.

Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Information Technology and Task Performance of Firms: Leadership Performance and Absorptive capacity

장진용,문규선,이유환,서영욱 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2018 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.18 No.5

This study explores the structural relationship between information technology and task performance of firms via leadership performance and absorptive capacity by using a survey of 288 samples across the different industry sectors in South Korea. In the empirical model framework, we adopted the structural equation model for analyzing input-output relationships between information technology and task performance. First, the findings show that IT utilization and IT infrastructure have a positive impact on the absorptive capacity directly and task performance of firms indirectly. Second, self-sacrificial leadership in the division of labor also has a positive impact on the absorptive capacity. Third, absorptive capacity and task performance of firms have a positive relationship with a high degree of statistical significance. In the moderating effect, the integration of board of directors plays a significant role in the relationship between absorptive capacity and task performance of firms. Finally, in the total effect of path coefficients, IT infrastructure has highest impact on the task performance than the other two independent variables.

사회과 교사의 테크놀로지 통합 역량의 이해

배영민 ( Yung Min Bae ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2010 중등교육연구 Vol.58 No.2

이 글은 사회과 교사가 의미 있는 사회과 학습을 위하여 수업에서 새로운 테크놀로지를 성공적으로 통합하는 데 있어서 지녀야 할 역량 요인들에 관한 논의이다. 이 같은 역량 요인들을 파악하기 위하여 연구 문헌을 검토하였다. 새로운 테크놀로지를 성공적으로 통합하기 위하여 사회과 교사는 실질적으로 사회과 테크놀로지 교수 내용 지식을 지니고 있어야 한다. 즉, 사회과 교사는 사회과 내용 지식, 구성주의 교수법 지식, 그리고 새로운 테크놀로지 지식을 보유하고 있어야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 사회과 교사는 특정한 교실 수업 상황에서 이들을 적절히 결합할 수 있어야 한다. 기존의 연구에 따르면, 새로운 테크놀로지의 성공적인 통합은 사회과 교사의 특정한 성향 요인들에 상당 부분 좌우된다. 이들 성향요인들에는 사회과 교사가 지닌 사회과 수업의 목적에 관한 관념, 교수법, 학습자, 그리고 테크놀로지에 관한 신념과 더불어 교사 개인의 기질과 인식론적 관점 등이 포함된다. 사회과 교사의 새로운 테크놀로지 통합 역량의 이해는 새로운 테크놀로지의 통합을 위한 사회과 교사 교육 및 전문성 신장 교육과정의 방향을 모색하는 데 도움을 준다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 또한 새로운 테크놀로지의 통합과 관련한 사회과 수업 연구와 사회과 교사의 수업 평가를 위한 이론적 토대가 될 수 있다. Based upon current research studies, this paper presents the capacities of social studies teachers to successfully integrate new technologies into classroom teaching for meaningful social studies learning. For the successful integration of new technologies, practically social studies teachers should acquire social studies related technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). That is, social studies teachers should be able to properly combine social studies content knowledge, constructivist pedagogical knowledge, and new technology knowledge in a particular classroom context. Meanwhile, according to the previous studies, the successful integration of new technologies into social studies classroom is seriously affected by the social studies teachers` various dispositional factors, such as teachers` conceptions of teaching purpose, teachers` beliefs about pedagogy, learners, and technology, and teachers` dispositions and epistemological perspectives. Understanding of the social studies teachers` capacities to integrate new technologies is directly related to social studies teacher education and professional development of technology integration. It could also serves as the theoretical framework for the research on social studies classroom teaching and the evaluation of social studies teachers` teaching abilities for technology integration.

공급망 통합 및 성과의 영향요인과 조절변수 탐색

엄명용(Myoung-Yong Um) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.4

최근 들어 많은 기업들이 개별 기업의 경쟁력보다는 어떻게 공급망의 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는가에 더 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 공급망상에서 기업 간 신뢰, 통합, 그리고 성과 사이의 관계를 고찰하고, 기업규모와 흡수역랑이 이러한 관계들을 어떻게 조절할 수 있는가를 실증하는 것이다. 두 요인들 사이의 인과관계와 조절효과로 제시된 가설들을 검정하기 위하여 111개의 설문 데이터가 본 연구에서 사용되었다. 연구결과 공급망 성과는 기업 간 신뢰뿐만 아니라, 공급망 통합에 의해서도 긍정적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신뢰는 공급망 통합에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기업규모에 대한 조절효과결과, 신뢰와 공급망 성과 사이의 관계는 소규모 집단이 대규모 집단보다 상대적으로 더 강한 인과관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공급망 통합과 공급망 성과 사이의 관계에서는 대규모 집단이 더 강한 인과관계를 보여주었다. 흡수역량에 대한 조절효과는 신뢰와 공급망 통합의 관계에서 그리고 공급망 통합과 공급망 성과와의 관계에서 고흡수 집단이 저흡수 집단에 비하여 더 강한 인과관계를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 서로 다른 기업규모와 흡수역량을 가진 공급망 참여 기업들에게 의미 있는 함의를 제공할 것이다. Recently, many firms have been more interested in how the competitiveness of the supply chain can be enhanced, rather than that of the respective company. The purpose of this study is not only to investigate the relationships among the trust between companies, the supply chain integration, and the supply chain performance, but also to demonstrate how the firm size and the absorptive capacity can moderate these relationships. To conduct the hypothesis test including the causal relations between two factors and the moderating effects, 111 data were collected through a survey. As a result, the supply chain performance was positively affected by the supply chain integration as well as the trust between the companies. In addition, the trust had a significant effect on the supply chain performance. The result of the moderating effect of firm size indicates that, compared with a larger group, a smaller group has a stronger relationship between the trust and the supply chain performance, while the relationship between the supply chain integration and the supply chain performance is much stronger in the large group than the small group. As for the moderating effect of absorptive capacity, a higher absorptive group has stronger relationships between the trust and supply chain integration, and supply chain integration and supply chain performance than a lower absorptive group. The findings would provide significant implications for supply chain partners with different sizes and absorptive capacity.

조직의 윤리적 분위기와 구성원의 윤리적 의사결정과의 관계에 대한 연구

고욱,신민정 한국경영컨설팅학회 2018 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 기업의 윤리적 분위기가 구성원들의 윤리적 의사결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 실증적으로 분석하고, 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 기술이 급격히 변화하는 현대사회에서 기업에게 요구되고 있는 것 중 가장 중요한 것은 윤리경영이다. 국내뿐 만 아니라 글로벌 경영을 위해서는 기업경영에 윤리를 가미하는 것은 필수 불가결한 요소이다. 이러한 움직임의 일환으로 윤리헌장 및 윤리강령의 도입, 윤리담당위원회나 사무국의 설치 등은 대부분의 민간기업 또는 공공기업에서 갖추고 있다. 다만, 이러한 윤리적 경영요소의 가미가 실 질적인 기업 구성원의 윤리적 의사결정에 영향을 미치는가에 대한 실증적인 연구는 부족하였다. 기업의 윤리적 분위기가 어떻게 형성되 었는가에 따라 사회적 학습이론, 사회정보처리이론 등에 의거하여, 구성원들의 의사결정과 행동은 변화될 수 있다. 그동안 몇몇 이론적 연구와 실증적 연구를 통해 검증된 윤리기준에 의거하여 이기주의형, 공리주의형, 의무론형 윤리적 분위기로 조직의 윤리적 분위기를 구분하고, 각각의 윤리적 분위기가 구성원들의 윤리적 의사결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 시나리오기법을 통해 분석하였다. 또한, 개인의 윤리적 의사결정에 있어 윤리적 분위기의 영향은 상사의 도덕적 역량과 구성원의 마키아벨리즘 성향에 따라 달라질 것으로 예상 하고 분석을 실시하였다. 국내 다양한 기업의 종사하고 있는 212명을 대상으로 실증 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 윤리적 분위기 중 의무 론형 윤리적 분위기는 윤리적 의사결정에 영향을 발휘한 반면, 이기주의형, 공리주의형 윤리적 분위기는 부정적 영향을 발휘하는 것으 로 나타났다. 윤리적 분위기와 윤리적 의사결정의 관계는 상사의 도덕적 역량과 구성원의 마키아벨리즘 성향에 따라 강도가 조절되었 다. 즉, 상사의 도덕적 역량이 높은 집단에서 의무론형 윤리적 분위기가와 윤리적 의사결정의 관계는 강화되었고, 이기주의형 윤리적 분 위기와 공리주의적 윤리적 분위기가 윤리적 의사결정에 발휘하는 부정적 효과는 경감되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무 적 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ethical climate and ethical decision making of employees and to find out theoretical and practical implications on the basis of empirical research results. Nowadays the main agenda and issue among the many challenges for many firms is ethical management. Ethical management is necessary not only for domestic management but also global management. In the same vein, many organizations have adopted ethical credo, code of conduct, ethics committee, ethics department across private and public sector. However there is less attention to identify the addition of ethical management on the existing management style affect employees ethical decision making. It is possible to change employees decision making style or behavior according to the ethical climate because of social learning theory and social information processing theory. This study has categorized ethical climate as egoism, utilitarianism and deontology ethical climate according to the prior theoretical and empirical research. And this study has tried to capture the effect of three types of ethical climate on ethical decision making which was measured by scenario methods. In addition, we expected the relationship between ethical climate and ethical decision making is possible to be changed depending on supervisors integrity capacity and employees machiavellianism. That is the second research question of this study. Using 212 sample from many organization of various industry sector, the results have reported as follow. Deontology ethical climate enhanced employees ethical decision making, but egoism ethical climate and utilitarianism ethical climate decreased ethical decision making. Moreover the positive relationship between deontology ethical climate and ethical decision making was moderated by supervisors’ integrity capacity, such that when supervisors integrity was high, the positive relationship between deontology ethical climate and ethical decision making was higher compared to low supervisors integrity capacity. Besides the negative effect of egoism ethical climate and utilitarianism ethical climate on ethical decision making was attenuated when supervisors’ integrity capacity was high. However the negative effect of egoism ethical climate and utilitarianism ethical climate on ethical decision making was strengthened when employees have high level of machiavellianism. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

사회과 교사의 테크놀로지 통합 역량의 강화: 연구문헌에 나타난 예비 교사 교육과정과 전문성개발 과정의 특징

배영민 한국사회교과교육학회 2011 사회과교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

In general, our social studies teachers are prone to use technology in their classrooms in order to reinforce traditional teacher-centered teaching practices. One of the reasons for this low level use of technology is that the programs of pre-service teacher education and professional development are not providing them with proper educational opportunities. This paper investigates the characteristics of pre-service teacher education and professional development programs to build up social studies teachers’ capacities for technology integration into classroom. For effective capacity-building those programs ought to be designed based on the empirical evidences. Based upon experiential researches, the author closely investigated the main characteristics of pre-service teacher education and professional development programs that contribute to building social studies teachers’ capacities for technology integration. The characteristics presented in this paper could serve as guidelines for the design of pre-service teacher education and professional development programs that are intended to prepare social studies teachers who are able to successfully integrate technology into their classroom teaching. 우리의 사회과 교사들은 대체로 교사 중심의 전통적인 교수법을 강화하기 위해 교실 수업에서 테크놀로지를 사용하는 경향이 있다. 여러 다양한 이유들이 있겠지만 이러한 낮은 수준의 테크놀로지 사용의 한 원인은 예비 교사 교육과정과 전문성개발 과정이 이들에게 적절한 교육 기회를 제공하지 못하고 있기 때문이다. 이 글은 사회과 교사들의 테크놀로지 통합 역량을 강화하는 예비 교사 교육과정과 전문성개발 과정의 특징에 관하여 고찰한다. 효과적인 테크놀로지 통합 역량의 강화를 위하여 이들 과정은 실증적 증거들에 기초하여 설계되어야 한다. 이 글에서 필자는 지금까지 미국에서 수행된 실증적 연구 문헌에 근거하여 이들 과정이 테크놀로지 통합 역량을 강화하는 데 기여하는 주요한 특징적 요소들을 면밀히 고찰하였다. 이 글에서 고찰한 특징적 요소들은 사회과 수업에서 성공적으로 테크놀로지를 통합할 수 있는 사회과 교사 양성을 위한 예비 교사 교육과 전문성개발 과정을 설계하는 데 참조할 수 있는 일련의 지침이 될 수 있다.