문화상품과 문화콘텐츠의 변별

이종훈(Lee Jong-hoon) 한국문화산업학회 2010 문화산업연구 Vol.10 No.3

Nowadays, the Cultural Contents is emphasized with the development of cultural industry. and the use of some words like 'cultural industry', 'cultural goods', 'cultural contents', 'mass culture', 'culture management' etc. have been increased rapidly. In this current trend, the mixed use of the words 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' without particular debate can cause more or less confusion. In this paper we examined some precedent studies of cultural contents and cultural goods, and the 'basic law of cultural industry promotion'. and researched the possibility and conditions of the discrimination between 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' through the approaching to the products. As a result 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' can be discriminated and the conditions of the discrimination are whether the 'contents' and 'exchange value' must be or not in the product. Nowadays, the Cultural Contents is emphasized with the development of cultural industry. and the use of some words like 'cultural industry', 'cultural goods', 'cultural contents', 'mass culture', 'culture management' etc. have been increased rapidly. In this current trend, the mixed use of the words 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' without particular debate can cause more or less confusion. In this paper we examined some precedent studies of cultural contents and cultural goods, and the 'basic law of cultural industry promotion'. and researched the possibility and conditions of the discrimination between 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' through the approaching to the products. As a result 'cultural contents' and 'cultural goods' can be discriminated and the conditions of the discrimination are whether the 'contents' and 'exchange value' must be or not in the product.

An Empirical Research on East Asia's Cultural Goods' Intra-Regional Trade

Shasha Yu,Eui Burm Park 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.1

With the development of the economic globalization and exchanges between different cultures, cultural trade have been developing at an accelerated speed, and also playing an important role in East Asia intra-regional trade. Based on the definitions and characters of cultural goods, this paper analyzed East Asia's cultural goods market by two ways: one was macro-economic situation estimated applying Gravity Trade Theory; the other one was consumer behavior estimated applying Cultural identity-Purchase intention Theory. Research indicated that economic mass decided the nation' trade value of cultural goods, distance has no significant influence on cultural goods trade in East Asia; HDI index, language, and internet coverage have positive promotion effect on cultural goods' trade pattern. In China domestic market, Chinese people's identification on foreign culture stimulated they to buy more foreign productions, and ethnocentrism has no inhibition influence on foreign cultural goods purchase behavior, under the influences of these two factors, good evaluations absolutely has promotion effect on foreign cultural goods trade. Up to now, cultural export trade has obtained a rapid expansion in Korea and Japan. China still in a lower level in creation cultural products. At last, the paper figured out the important and potential sectors of cultural goods trade in East Asia and gave some suggestions to government and cultural goods product enterprises.

국가 간 문화적 차이가 무역에 미치는 영향: 문화상품무역의 매개효과를 중심으로

김성식,문희철 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose Culture is composed of various elements such as language, religion, tradition, norms, values, and lifestyle of members of society. Many researchers have studied the impact of culture on trade in various ways. However, there are no studies on the effect that culture promotes cultural goods trade and increases trade as a mediator of cultural goods trade. Therefore, this paper intends to find out the impact of culture on cultural goods trade and the impact of culture on trade as a mediating role of cultural goods trade. Design/Methodology/Approach Using the mediating effect model, it analyzed the direct, indirect, and total effects of cultural differences between countries on trade. It empirically analyzed the size, direction, and effect of culture on trade volume mediating cultural goods trade. Findings As a result, it was not different from studies in advance. GDP per capita had a significant negative effect on trade, but it was found to have a significant positive effect on cultural goods trade. RTA has a significant effect on trade, but it was not statistically significant that the mediating effect of RTA on trade. All variables were analyzed to have a mediating effect except for RTA. Research Implications It is implied that the people of countries with high GDP per capita are more interested in world culture, which promotes trade in cultural goods. It suggests that interest or preference for cultural goods is not mainly local like RTA, but global. Therefore, Korea needs to research and develop cultural goods to spread exports around the world and create synergies that lead to the export of other products.

East Asian Trade Flows of Cultural Goods: A Gravity Model Approach

Yu, Shasha,Park, Eui Burm KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.2 No.1

With the market evaluation of economic globalization exchanges between different cultures, cultural trade has been developing at an accelerated speed, and also playing an important role in East Asian intra-regional trade. In this research the author used gravity trade model to explain the causal relationship between dependent variable trade flows and several independent variables applying with five categories cultural goods which classified in HS codes. Firstly for cultural heritage trade flow, the results indicated that economic masses of bilateral countries have no significant influences on it; GDP per capita of host country and adjacency factor with partner country have significant negative influences on it; Internet coverage ratio has improved cultural heritages exchanges in East Asian regions. Secondly for printed matter cultural goods trade flow, the distance factor has significant negative influence but common language has significant positive influence on it. Thirdly for recorded media cultural goods, only economic masses and GDP per capita of bilateral countries can improved their trade flows. Fourthly for visual arts cultural products trade flows, almost all variables we tested have significant influences on it. Fifthly for cinema photography cultural goods trade flow, the influenced factor are same with cultural heritage products except they have strong positive interaction relationship with economic masses and common language. At last, the paper figured out some important and potential sectors for cultural goods trade in East Asia and gave some suggestions to government and cultural goods product enterprises.

East Asian Trade Flows of Cultural Goods: A Gravity Model Approach

Shasha Yu,Eui Burm Park 강원대학교 경영연구소 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.2 No.1

With the market evaluation of economic globalization exchanges between different cultures, cultural trade has been developing at an accelerated speed, and also playing an important role in East Asian intra-regional trade. In this research the author used gravity trade model to explain the causal relationship between dependent variable trade flows and several independent variables applying with five categories cultural goods which classified in HS codes. Firstly for cultural heritage trade flow, the results indicated that economic masses of bilateral countries have no significant influences on it; GDP per capita of host country and adjacency factor with partner country have significant negative influences on it; Internet coverage ratio has improved cultural heritages exchanges in East Asian regions. Secondly for printed matter cultural goods trade flow, the distance factor has significant negative influence but common language has significant positive influence on it. Thirdly for recorded media cultural goods, only economic masses and GDP per capita of bilateral countries can improved their trade flows. Fourthly for visual arts cultural products trade flows, almost all variables we tested have significant influences on it. Fifthly for cinema photography cultural goods trade flow, the influenced factor are same with cultural heritage products except they have strong positive interaction relationship with economic masses and common language. At last, the paper figured out some important and potential sectors for cultural goods trade in East Asia and gave some suggestions to government and cultural goods product enterprises.

A Study on the Distribution Market of Local Cultural Contents Products

현혜진(Hye-Jin Hyun),백은진(Eun-Jin Beak),이동철(Dong-Cheol Lee) 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2020 産經論集 Vol.40 No.1

Purpose – The Jeju region has its unique culture, traditions, mythologies and so on. Its cultural identity, which is compared with the mainland, is a resource of making Jeju cultural goods and has a competitiveness in sale of souvenirs and goods. In spite of this feature, many companies in Jeju are consisted of small-medium sized industry and have a weakness in distribution network. The purpose of this study is to research on the actual condition of souvenirs and cultural goods in Jeju and to find out the perspectives for enhancing the competitiveness in distribution systems and market network of Jeju cultural goods. Research design, data and methodology - In order to analysis the distribution and market of Jeju cultural goods, this study had the literature research, the survey research, and expert interviews. This study assessed the situation of the cultural contents market and the ecosystem of Jeju contents market. In addition, the study conducted the survey for three target groups: the producing companies, the distribution companies, and 314 tourists of Jeju. Result - As a result of the empirical analysis, both company groups pointed out the importance and necessity of the distribution activation policy for Jeju cultural contents. The result of the tourist survey showed that the lowprice goods and easily the approachable goods were far more preferable in the souvenir market. Conclusion – Even though Jeju Island has a great natural and cultural heritage, Jeju contents companies has some difficulties for selling their goods because of the small sized cultural market and another challenge to find market. So, this study offered some policy proposals to improve the distribution structure; the construction of joint local store for small-sized enterprises, enacting a local act to promotion for the cultural contents market, making a support policy to produce various designed and shaped goods, enhancing the capacity of cultural contents enterprise, supporting the low commission by supplying to joint distribution channel, enlarge the contest exhibition for souvenir and find the outstanding enterprise

백화점 사은품·경품을 통해 본 1980,90년대 디자인문화에 관한 연구 - 롯데백화점 신문광고 및 기사를 중심으로 -

최숙경 ( Choi Sook-gyeong ),오창섭 ( Oh Chang-sup ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.42 No.-

80, 90년대의 급격한 경제성장을 바탕으로 한국인의 사고방식과 생활문화는 눈에 띄게 변화했다. 본 논문은 한국 경제·문화의 급변기였던 80~90년대 약 20 년간 롯데백화점 경품의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 경품이 갖는 사회·문화적 의미를 밝혀내고, 그 속에서 나타나는 디자인문화의 특징을 고찰하는데 그 목적이 있다. 백화점은 현대사회를 살고 있는 사람들의 소비 욕망이 드러나는 공간이다. 백화점은 당대 사람들이 선망하거나 관심을 갖는 아이템들을 경품으로 내걸어 이목을 끌고자 했다. 경품은 `시대적 욕망의 거울`로서, 해당 시기의 욕망과 문화의 내용을 읽어낼 수 있는 유용한 매개일 수 있다. 본 논문이 백화점 경품에 주목한 것은 바로 이러한 이유 때문이다. 본 연구는 소비자 경품류를 `사은품`으로 소비자 현상 경품류와 공개 현상 경품류를 `경품`으로 분류해 80, 90년대 롯데백화점과 관련한 신문기사, 광고를 비평적 담론 분석의 방법으로 고찰했다. 20년 동안 롯데백화점 경품의 종류는 비교할 수 없을 정도로 다양했으며 경품의 금액도 50원짜리 껌에서 2억을 넘는 아파트까지 변화를 거듭했다. 롯데백화점의 시대별 경품 흐름을 살펴보면 다음과 같은 경품의 디자인문화적 의미를 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 고가의 아이템을 경품으로 내걸면서 소비자들로 하여금 수입이 소비욕구를 따르지 못해 `이루지 못할 꿈`을 행운이나 요행으로 해결하려는 사행 심리를 자극했다. 둘째, 그 당시 사람들의 기호 소비문화를 반영했다. 90년대 후반에도 경품으로 등장한 외제 자동차와 브랜드 아파트는 이러한 기호 소비문화를 반영하고 있다. 셋째, 중산층 주부들을 생활용품으로서 의미를 갖는다. 백화점은 주부들이 이상적인 가정생활을 영위하기 위해 필요한 아이템인 식기류, 가전제품, 생활 소품류 등을 증정하고, 그들로 하여금 윤택한 생활이 어떤 것인지 상상할 수 있게 하였다. 넷째, 새로운 생활 문화를 소개하고 견인하는 역할을 했다. 다섯째, 스포츠 관람권 증정 경품 행사를 통해 스포츠 이벤트 열풍을 반영했다. 이와 같이 백화점 사은품·경품은 사람들의 욕망을 반영하고 있으며, 그 시대의 생활 문화 즉 디자인문화를 읽어낼 수 있는 중요한 단서가 된다. In the `80s and `90s, Korea was located at the center of a rapid change and made a radical economic growth, and accordingly the way of thinking and lifestyle of people conspicuously changed. The purpose of this paper is to determine the social and cultural meaning of promotion goods and contemplate on the transition feature of design culture, by examining changes of Lotte Department Store promotion goods of the last 20 years, the `80s and `90s, that was a rapid change period of Korean economy and culture. A department store is a place where consumption desire of people living in the modern society comes out. Department stores have tried to attract people by offering items that they prefer or have interests in as promotion goods. Promotion goods, as the `mirror of temporal needs` reflecting desire of people of the time, can be understood as a medium that shows desire and culture of that time, and in this context, this paper focused on department store promotion goods. This study classified the consumer promotion goods type to `free gifts`, and the consumer contest promotion goods type and the open contest promotion goods type to `promotion goods`, and then examined newspapers and advertisements related to Lotte Department Store promotion goods of the `80s and `90s, with a method of the critical discourse analysis. For the last 20 years, types of Lotte Department Store promotion goods have diversified more than ever before, and prices of the promotion goods also have varied from a 50-won gum to a 0.2-billion won apartment. Looking at the periodic flow of Lotte Department Store promotion goods, we can find the social and cultural meaning of the promotion goods as follows. First, the department stores gave expensive items as promotion goods and stimulated the speculation psychology of consumers by having them captivated by expectation to make the `impossible dream` come true by a luck or fluke because their income cannot meet consumption desire. Second, the promotion goods reflected the taste consumption culture of the time. In the late 90s, car and apartment were the important signs that tell the richness and social status of the owner. The cars and brand-apartment, which were given as promotion goods at the time, reflect such taste consumption culture. Third is the significance as living goods for middle-class housewives. Department stores gave tableware, household appliances and daily necessities which are required for ideal home living of housewives. Such promotion goods let housewives imagine what a well-to-do living is. Fourth, the promotion goods led new living culture by giving items related to coffee, travel and leisure. The coffee mug set and ceramic set for sugar and cream given as promotion goods mean the popularization of coffee culture. The appearance of coffee maker in 1998 and 1999 tells the popularization of bean coffee. Like this, department stores continuously led coffee-related culture. In addition, department stores periodically held overseas culture and goods exhibitions in the 80s and early 90s. Department stores led domestic and overseas travel culture by giving travel-related items such as beach bag and camping goods for domestic travel in the early and middle of 90s and overseas travel coupon and traveling carrier for overseas travel. Fifth, the promotion goods reflected sports hot wave. Department stores started sports marketing by giving Park Chan-ho game ticket and World Cup game ticket and those attracted people`s attention. Therefore Promotion goods, as the `mirror of temporal needs` reflecting desire of people of the time, can be understood as a medium that shows desire and culture of that time.

Why Korean Young Women Consumers Buy Luxury Goods? The Influence of Cultural Orientation and Media Use

Yuri Cha,Yeji Kwon 한국유통과학회 2018 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.8 No.2

Purpose - This study investigated the relationship among cultural disposition (Chemyeon, Noonchi, Woozzul), media use, and attitude toward luxury goods consumption. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed online survey data for 300 Korean Women between 20 and 39 years of age who lived in Seoul, capital of South Korea. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the relative influence of cultural orientation on cognition of luxury goods, Sobel test. to determine mediating effect, and a two-way analysis of variance in IBM SPSS 23.0. Results - The finding suggests that cultural disposition (Chemyeon, Noonchi, conspicuous Woozzul) correlated significantly with perceived self-identity, attitude toward luxury goods. The effects of Chemyeon, Noonchi, and selfish Woozzul on the attitude toward luxury goods was fully mediated by perceived self-identity. However, association between conspicuous Woozzul and attitude toward luxury goods was partially mediated by perceived self-identity. Regarding media effects, the results indicate that there were interaction effects between selfish Woozzul and amount of time spent on TV on attitude toward luxury goods, as well as between selfish Woozzul and amount of time spent on Internet. Conclusions - These findings suggest that luxury goods consumption of Korean young women is consumer behavior that reflects individual cultural disposition and media use.

The Impact of Korean Wave on the Distribution of Consumer Goods Exports

Hun KIM,Hyeob KIM,Byeng-Hee CHANG,Jiseob PARK 한국유통과학회 2021 유통과학연구 Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for establishing a policy to promote the export of Korean goods through the economic ripple effect of the Korean Wave. From 2001 to 2017, cultural goods exports and consumer goods exports data to 102 countries were used to estimate the effect of cultural goods exports on domestic consumer goods exports. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the Gravity Model, we analyzed the effects of domestic film, publishing, music, broadcasting, clothing, cosmetics, processed food, IT products, and automobiles on the export of consumer goods. Results: The empirical analysis estimated the trade creation effect of exports of cultural products driving exports of consumer goods and found that a 1% increase in exports of cultural products increased 0.136% in exports of consumer goods. Conclusions: The average rate of change in consumer goods exports due to changes in cultural product exports was 22.44, which could be interpreted as an increase of $2,244 in exports of consumer goods such as IT products, cosmetics, clothing, and processed foods. According to the analysis of export-driven effects of each consumer item by dividing cultural products by sector, the effects of export of processed foods, clothing, cosmetics, IT products, and film, music, publishing exports were statistically significant.

유네스코 세계 문화유산 산서성 윈강석굴 문화상품 디자인 연구

반철 한국일러스아트학회 2018 조형미디어학 Vol.21 No.2

지역 문화가 발전됨에 따라 사람들의 물질적인 문화생활 수준이 끊임없이 향상되고 있는 추세를 이루었고, 관광은 점차 사람들의 생활에서 빼놓을 수 없는 부분으로 되었다. 이러한 상황에서 관광 산업과 문화 산업의 상호 융합은 특색 관광 제품의 발전을 촉진하였다. 본 연구는 윈강석굴 관광지를 중심으로 연구를 전개하였다. 윈강석굴은 세계 무형 문화유산으로 선정되었고, 최근 몇 년 동안 국내외 관광객 수가 날로 늘어나고 있다. 문화 콘텐츠는 북위(北魏) 문화를 전파하고, 지역 특색을 전파하는 책임을 지니고 있다. 하지만 기존의 관광상품은 지역 문화 요소가 부족하고, 문화 콘텐츠 브랜드의 인식도가 낮은 등 문제가 두드러지게 표현되고 있다. 윈강석굴문화 콘텐츠의 현황에 대한 조사 및 연구와 문화상품디자인 및 문화 콘텐츠 개념에 대한 정리를 융합시킴으로써 문화 콘텐츠 개발에 많은 문제점을 발견하였다. 문화 콘텐츠의 문화상품디자인은 본질적으로 정보 전달 디자인의 범주에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 윈강석굴의 문화 예술 배경을 깊이 이해함으로써 전통 문화와 현대 디자인의 공통점을 발굴하고, 지역 문화 중의 독특한 시각 원소를 추출하고, 전통 문양의 형식으로 지역 문화의 독특성을 표현하였다. 본 논문은 윈강석굴의 현장 조사 분석을 근거하여 긴 시간 연구응 통해 15종의 문양 개발과 문화상품디자인 이론을 결합시켜 합리적으로 도형, 문자, 색채 등 시각 요소를 운용함으로써 유네스코 세계 문화유산인 윈강석굴 브랜드를 새롭게 창작하고, 지역의 대표적인 특색 문화 콘텐츠를 개발하였다. With the development of regional economy, people's material and cultural life shows a growing trend, and tourism has gradually become an indispensable part of people's lives. The integration of tourism industry and cultural industry has promoted the development of featured tourism products,This article focuses on the Yungang Grottoes. Yungang Grottoes are classified as intangible cultural heritage. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of tourist from domestic and other countries. The cultural goods of Yungang Grottoes bear the important responsibility of spreading the Northern Wei culture and carrying forward the regional characteristics. Through the investigation and analysis of the status quo of cultural goods in Yungang Grottoes and the combination of the concepts of cultural goods, we found many problems in the design of cultural goods . Cultural goods design of cultural goods is actually a kind of information design, In this study, through in-depth understanding of Yungang Grottoes cultural and artistic background, Excavate the blend of traditional culture and modern design, the symbolic visual elements in the regional culture are extracted. The symbolic visual elements in the regional culture are extracted, and the uniqueness of the regional culture is expressed in the form of traditional patterns. Based on market research and comprehensive packaging design theory, this paper re-creates the brand of Yungang Grottoes by using the graphic, text, color and other visual elements reasonably, and develops the regional representative characteristic cultural goods.