도시 내 양극화 현상과 도시정책 대응

이상대,이혜령 경기연구원 2017 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.- No.-

In Korea, spatial disparity and polarization in city are getting worsened through rapid urbanization and suburbanization. The increasing of social conflict due to polarization is regarded as an important social problem that it can hinder social integration. The polarization in city may come from the uneven distribution of urban resources and public facilities. The purpose of this study is to examine the polarization phenomenon in cities and make the urban policy responses against the polarization, in terms of accessibility for the urban infrastructure and the public service facilities. The concept of polarization in city is that the groups of certain spatial units are clustered into several groups and concurrently the homoginuity in group is strengthening. Based on these concept definitions, this study does the analysis of accessibility for urban public service facilities such as public libraries, national daycare centers, welfare centers for the elderly, public medical institutions, subway stations and parks. The study areas are five major cities of Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Yongin and Bucheon. The results of the analysis show that the public library has a low accessibility to the eastern part of Yongin city. National daycare centers showed good approach in Bundang, Pangyo area and Bucheon city of Seongnam city. There were many differences in accessibility between the elderly welfare center and the public medical institutions. Goyang city was highly accessible, but Yongin and Suwon were not good in some areas. In the case of subway stations, the area around the main artery connecting to Seoul showed comparatively equal accessibility, but the accessibility in the outskirts of each metropolitan area was significantly lower. In order to measure the degree of polarization of urban public service access time, the distance and time required to access each urban public service facility in each naighborhoods were derived and analyzed by the Gini coefficient as the polarization index. As a result of the analysis, Yongin and Koyang, which started as urban and rural complex cities, showed a relatively larger polarization of accessibility. In addition, the polarization of accessibility of Goyang and Seongnam, which are divided into new city and old town, is relatively larger. However, in generally speaking that coefficient 0.4 over is severe, the polarization level of the major cities of the Gyeonggi Province is not serious. Based on the results of this study, we propose the following policy. First, as a institution improvement central government need to revise urban public facility standards and add provisions for securing citizens" accessibility (distance and time). Second, regional and city governments need to pursue "citizen accessibility - oriented public facility policy". As a detailed improvements, it is necessary to determine the city planning facilities equitably in terms of city public service, to construct a transportation infrastructure accessible to the city center from anywhere in the city, to promote mixed use evelopment projects around the stations or metropolitan transit bus stops, and establishment of resident participation and governance system in determining facility location.

신자유주의적 공간재편으로서 마리나항만 개발사업의 비판적 검토

장승현(Jang, Seung-Hyun),하제현(Ha, Jae-Hyun) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.64

The purpose of this study was to recognize the seriousness of the problems caused by marina port development project, find the nature of the problems, and suggest alternative direction and solution of them. In order to accomplish the purpose, this study first presumed tha tmarina port development project had been progressed and tried to be demonstrated based on neo-liberalistic policy. Then, this study might find potential solutions regarding the various problems of marina port development project based on neo-liberalistic development policy. As a result, it was known that neo-liberalism in Korea started at first as voluntary movement of the then government but later was set in full course due to internal problems and external pressure, turning into a new form of developmental neo-liberalism. Later, whilet ihad passed through each of the regimes, it has grown to more expanded neo-liberalism through labour flexiiblity, polarization, deregulation, and privatization. Marina port development project was obviously a neo-liberalistic project and promoted as part of entrepreneurial urban strategies. Therefore, marina port development project has brought about damaging public interest, excluding citizens from policy making, and even threatening democracy. It was worth considering deliberative democracy involving participation as an alternative measure. Debate-oriented deliberative democracy could be a key to solving the problems by marina port development project.

도시정책에서 나타나는 근대 유산관리의 특성 - 목포시의 사례 연구

신성희 순천대학교 남도문화연구소 2016 南道文化硏究 Vol.0 No.31

한반도는 19세기 후반부터 인천, 원산, 부산, 목포, 군산 등의 포구들을 중심으로 외국 열강들이 주도한 항구의 근대적 개발과 해외 개항이 시작되었다. 그러나 목포는 조선이 유일하게 스스로 대외 개항을 선택한 도시였다. 이 글에서는 목포의 자주적이고 자발적인 개항의 맥락이 오늘날 여타 개항도시들과는 상이한 근대 역사공간을 다루는 도시 정책의 특성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 해외 열강들에 의해 강요된 개항이 이루어진 여타 개항도시들의 근대 유산에 대한 정책적 관심은 비록 식민 경영이 작동한 양식이라 하더라도, 과거 국제도시로서의 다문화적인 이채로움을 보다 강조한다. 차이나타운, 일본조계지 등을 보존(복원)하고 활용함으로써 쇠락한 도시 경관을 새롭게 창출하고 외부 집객력을 증대하려는 방향에서 정책이 투입되고 있다. 반면 목표에서는 토착세력을 중심으로 민족적, 자주적인 활동이 일어났던 장소와 건조물에 보다 높은 보존의 가치를 부여하고 정책 투입을 진행하였다. 한편, 목포의 개항이 민족적이고 자발적인 개항이라고 하여 오늘날 목포지역에 남아있는 근대성에 관해 자신감과 독자성만을 강조하지 않는다. 식민통치시기에 존립하였던 식민도시에서 지배에 대한 저항만은 불가능하고, 순응과 타협 또한 피할 수 없었던 당시의 이중적 정서를 ‘신파의 거리’ 조성을 통해 공간화한점은 근대 식민도시로서 목포 지역특유의 맥락 반영하고 있다. This research is focused on how to preserve and incubate the placeness and heritages which exist in old city-center, especially formed from 19C and the early of 20C when was the Japanese colonial period. In this time, several fishing ports adjacent to East sea and Yellow sea such as Incheon, Busan, Wonsan, Kunsan and Mokpo had opened their ports overseas by each treaties. However, as well-known, those treaties were mostly forced to get accepted to those ports by western powers or Japan at that time, whereas Mokpo was the only port which had been opened voluntarily in order to make it as national capital and as industrial infra-structures. This paper examines the differences and characteristics of Mokpo area which owns the different context to open the port abroad, and how this affects the way of urban heritage management in the city policy. Incheon city, to the contrary, the city policy pays attention to conserve and tries to re-use remains of architectures and landscapes which look more exotic and visible. Because those visible remains are easily able to make as another touristic attractions to gather population and investments. Thus they could be very helpful for urban gentrificaton-projects of those shabby landscapes of the old city-center. But Instead, Mokpo emphasizes some different remains formed by natives or by patriotic motivation under colonization. At the same time, the city policy tries to include some sort collective sentiments under the colonial nation, to modern heritage management, so called “Sin-Pa(sort of the new wave of colonial culture)”, and also the city reflects the colonial sentiment to make as a new type of modern heritages in the city spaces. This kind of heritage management especially for modern times’ remains seems very unique on the level of the city government’s implementation.

공간자기상관을 고려한 도시성장모형의 개발과 대도시권 도시성장관리의 정책적 시사점

여창환(Yeo, Chang Hwan) 한국지적학회 2016 한국지적학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 도시기본계획 등 도시성장관리정책의 개선점을 제시하기 위해 장래 시가화지역을 예측하 였다. 과학적이고 합리적인 방법을 적용하여 장래 시가화지역을 예측하기 위해 공간자기상관의 문제가 개선된 도시성장모형을 구축하여 활용하였다. 공간자기상관으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 통계적 에러를 개선하기 위해, 본 연구는 독립변수에 공간변수를 포함시켰고, 모형의 신뢰도에 영향을 주지 않는 범위 에서 분석자료의 수를 샘플링하여 추정했다. 그 결과, 공간자기상관의 정도를 나타내는 moran’s I 계수도 양호해졌고, 전반적으로 모형의 설명력도 개선되었다. 장래 시가화지역 예측결과를 바탕으로 도시성장관리정책의 시사점을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대도시와 주변지역을 동시에 고려하여 장래 토지수요를 추정해야 한다. 둘째, 장래 시가화지역의 규모, 위치, 개발시기를 결정할 때 합리적인 기준 또는 근거에 의해 이루어져야 한다. The main purposes of this study are to present a policy implications on current urban growth management through urban growth model reducing spatial autocorrelation error. This study adopted binary logistic regression model to generate maps on urban growth probability. To reduce spatial autocorrelation error in urban growth model. we estimated logistic regression model involved spatial coefficients in independent variables and reduced data size through random sampling. As estimation results, moran’s I which measured spatial autocorrelation was decreased considerably from 0.306 at full data set to 0.190 at sample data. In order to prove the rationality of the consolidated urban growth management, the future urban growth which illustrates location, time, and size of development is predicted by the urban growth prediction model. Based on these findings, this study emphasize on the importance of the consolidated urban growth management which consider metropolitan city and its hinterlands simultaneously in planning and policy makings. Furthermore, this study suggest two kinds of policy implications - land use regulation and urban planning. The land use regulation should be more flexible to the stage of urban development and development characteristics in order to attract more development in indigenous urban area. National planning act and other planning-related laws must be revised in order to control land development more smart. The higher level of land use planning institute such as METRO must be established in order to manage land development more effectively in the integrated manner.

사회적경제 관점에서 도시공간 변화의 특성과 관광정책적 추진방향 고찰 : 감천문화마을 지역사례를 중심으로

유예경,김인신 한국사진지리학회 2020 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study seeks to clarify the changes and characteristics of urban Spatial from a social and economic perspective. We would like to examine the changes and characteristics of urban Spatial and the direction of tourism policy through the example of Gamcheon Village in Busan. The process of urban Spatial change in Gamcheon Culture Village, the policy of the New Deal for the surrounding urban Spatial according to urban regeneration, and the policy of urban Spatial re-structured and revitalized tourism were analyzed. In particular, the Gamcheon Cultural Village Residents’ Council project could contribute to the revitalization of tourism and the development of the local economy. In conclusion, this study is meaningful in that it analyzed the best practices of Gamcheon Culture Village and presented the policy direction based on them. As a result, it will be possible to provide important guidelines for the revitalization of tourism policies related to social economy in Busan.

「도시미화법」을 통해 본 김정은 체제 도시공간정책 의 변화 양상에 관한 연구

강연주,권영상 한국도시설계학회 2019 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Kim Jong-un’s regime emphasizes the construction of a city to forge the Socialism-Fairyland, but the landscape of Pyongyang under the reign of Kim Jong-un is very similar to what we see in the capitalist cities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of urban spatial policy based on the Socialism-Fairyland envisioned by the Kim Jong-un regime. This study analyzes the composition of the Urban Beautification Act, which was enacted when the reign of Kim Jong-un commenced, and confirmed that Kim Il-sung’s instruction emphasizes on the importance of urban management led to the enactment of the Urban Beautification Act. The Act stresses the importance of the city’s visual image, the green spaces, and entertainment facilities, and related urban spatial policies actively carried out. Kim Jong-un’s regime also seems to be using the Socialism-Fairyland as political propaganda while maintaining the characteristics of a socialist city. This study has limitations when it comes to discussing the changes of urban spatial policy in Kim Jong-un regime, as they are based solely on laws. However, it is meaningful that Kim Jong-un’s regime has identified some features of urban spatial policy through the Urban Beautification Act, which was enacted for the purpose of realizing this Socialism-Fairyland. 김정은 체제는 사회주의선경을 만들기 위한 도시 건설을 강조하고 있으나, 김정은 집권 이후의 평양은 자본주의 도시의 경관과 크게 다르지 않다. 본 연구는 김정은 체제가 강조하는 ‘사회주의선경이란 무엇인가’에 대한 질문을 토대로 김정은 체제 도시공간정책의 변화 양상을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 김정은 집권 직후에 채택된 「도시미화법」을 중심으로 관련 법령의 흐름과 구성, 내용을 분석하고, 도시관리의 중요성을 강조한 김일성의 교시가 「도시미화법」을 포함한 관련 법령의 채택으로 이어졌음을 확인하였다. 각 법령은 특히 도시미관, 원림화, 공원과유원지를 중복적으로 강조하고 있으며, 이와 관련된 도시공간정책이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한, 김정은 체제는 김일성과 김정일 시대를 계승하면서 체제의 유지ㆍ강화를 위해 ‘사회주의선경’을 정치적으로 선전ㆍ선동하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 법이라는 문헌자료만을 바탕으로 연구를 진행한 한계가 있으나, 사회주의선경의 조성을 목적으로 제정된 「도시미화법」을 통해 김정은 체제 도시공간정책의 변화 양상을 파악하였다는데 의의가 있다.

도시재생 기반 관광 공간의 확산요인 분석: 정책확산이론을 중심으로

오정민,이상호 한국관광학회 2023 관광학연구 Vol.47 No.8

이 연구는 도시재생사업으로 재탄생한 공간이 새롭게 관광의 대상으로 자리 잡고, 점차 찍어낸 듯 유사한 공간들이전국적으로 확산하는 현상에 주목한다. 이 연구에서는 관광의 관점에서 도시재생이라는 혁신적인 정책의 확산과정을 고찰하되, 정책확산 이론에 근거하여 지방자치단체 간에 공간적 상호작용이 발생할 수 있음을 전제하고 분석을 진행하였다. 탐색적 분석 결과, 인접한 지방자치단체 간에는 공간자기상관이 발생하는 반면에 지리적 입지가 다른 지자체 간에는 공간적 이질성이 존재한다는 것을 확인했다. 다음으로 정책확산 기제를 수평적⋅수직적 확산으로 구분한 뒤 수평적 확산 기제로 모방⋅학습⋅경쟁 기제, 수직적 확산 기제로 강제기제를 각각 설정하여 공간회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 정책도입 초기의 조례채택 과정에서는 경쟁⋅학습⋅강제기제가 유의하게 나타났으며, 추후 조례개정 과정에서는 경쟁⋅학습기제만 유의한 영향력을 보였다. 즉, 동일 광역자치단체 내의 인접 기초자치단체가 적극적으로 조례를 채택하거나 개정할수록, 그리고 인접 기초자치단체의 조례채택 및 개정의 결과가 성공적일수록 해당 기초자치단체가 조례를 도입하고 개정하는데 더욱 적극성을 보인다고 해석할 수 있다. 그리고, 상위정부로부터 재정적 지원을 받기 어려운 기초자치단체일수록초기 조례채택에 더욱 적극적이며, 조례를 개정하는 과정에서는 상위정부의 재정지원에 의한 영향이 그다지 유의미하게작용하지 않는다고 이해할 수 있다. 이상의 분석 결과에 근거하여 도시재생으로 재탄생한 관광 공간의 경쟁적인 확산을지양하고 지속가능성을 견인하기 위한 정책적 함의를 제시하였다. 이 연구는 정책확산이론을 기반으로 공간계량분석을수행함으로써 관련 연구의 이론적⋅방법론적 범위를 확대했다는 의의가 있다. In this study, the diffusion process of the innovative policy of urban regeneration was examined from the perspective of tourism, and the analysis was conducted on the premise that spatial interaction between local governments can occur based on policy diffusion theory. As a result of the exploratory analysis, it was confirmed that spatial autocorrelation occurs between neighboring local governments, while spatial heterogeneity exists between local governments with different geographical locations. According to the results of spatial regression analysis, competition, learning, and forcing mechanisms appeared significantly in the ordinance adoption process in the early stage of policy introduction, and only competition and learning mechanisms showed significant influence in the later ordinance revision process. In other words, the more actively local governments within the same metropolitan government adopt or revise ordinances, and the more successful the adoption and revision of ordinances by neighboring local governments is, the more active the local governments are in introducing and revising ordinances. It can be interpreted. In addition, it can be understood that local governments that have difficulty receiving financial support from higher-level governments are more active in initially adopting ordinances and less so in the process of revising ordinances. Accordingly, we have presented policy implications aimed at fostering the sustainability of urban regeneration areas, which are increasingly recognized as new tourism spaces, with a focus on factors influencing policy diffusion.

폐광지역 산업도시의 도시축소양상과 도시공간정책방안에 관한 연구 -석탄산업합리화조치에 따른 폐광지역 축소도시에 대한 사례 연구

지은희,한동규,정찬구,강준모 대한토목학회 2022 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.42 No.1

This paper aimed to analyze the type of urban shrinkage over the past 20 years for four case cities designated as abandoned mining area promotion zones and present the direction of future urban spatial policies through the analysis of shrinking status. According to the analysis of urban shrinkage in the past 20 years, all of the case cities were analyzed as fixed-type shrinking cities, showing a populationdecrease of more than 30% over the past 40 years compared to the peak population. Despite the decrease in population, the designated area of urbanization and non-urban areas is increasing every year, and the development permit and construction permit in non-urban areas are also increasing, requiring efficient management and operation of urban space. It is necessary to study military-level cities in the high-risk phase of extinction in the future, and to develop various indicators for segmentation of urban shrinkage types and analysisof status by type. 이 논문은 폐광지역진흥지구가 지정된 4개의 사례도시를 대상으로 최근 20년간 도시축소 유형을 분석하고 도시축소 실태분석을 통해 향후 도시공간정책의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 최근 20년간의 1년 단위 도시축소유형 분석결과, 사례도시 모두 고착형 축소도시로 분석되었으며 최근 40년간 정점인구 대비 30 % 이상의 인구감소를 나타냈다. 공간구조적으로는 인구감소에도 불구하고 시가화면적과 비도시지역의 지구단위계획구역 지정면적은 매년 증가하고 있으며, 비도시지역의 개발행위허가 및 건축허가도 증가추세에 있어 도시공간의 효율적 관리와 운영이 필요하다. 향후 소멸 고위험단계에 있는 군급 도시에 대한 연구와 도시축소 유형의 세분화 및 유형별 실태분석을 위한 다양한 지표의 개발이 요구된다.

Using the SLEUTH urban growth model to simulate the impacts of future policy scenarios on land use in the Giza Governorate, Greater Cairo Metropolitan region

Taher Osman,Prasanna Divigalpitiya,Takafumi Arima 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2016 도시과학국제저널 Vol.20 No.4

The goal of this paper was to find an appropriate urban policy to preserve arable land that is being consumed by highly accelerated urban growth in the Giza Governorate of the Greater Cairo Metropolitan region for the last 50 years. We simulated three different urban policies and relevant growth scenarios for Giza from 2015 to 2035 by using the SLEUTH model to investigate their effects on arable lands. The first scenario used historical growth trends to simulate the persistent growth trends under existing conditions. The second was a compact growth scenario with robust restrictions on development in areas outside of designated growth centres. The third scenario considered officially planned growth that integrated stricter growth plans and stronger protections on lands with natural resources at a level that could be realistically accomplished with strong political commitments. The input data required by the model, including slope, land use, exclusion, and urban growth, transportation, and hill shade were derived from three Landsat satellite images from 1984, 2000, and 2013, according to supervised classifications. The simulation results found that the compact growth policy scenario had the least negative impact on arable lands, while the historical growth scenario had the worst impact.

논문 : 트윗을 이용한 서울시 주거환경 만족의 공간적 특성 분석 -도시정책지표 보완을 위한 활용방안 모색-

박재희 ( Jae Hee Park ),강영옥 ( Young Ok Kang ) 한국도시지리학회 2014 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.17 No.1

많은 사람들이 자신의 현재를 기록하고 관심사를 공유하는 트위터와 같은 SNS는 하루에도 몇 억 건씩 발생할 정도로 데이터 양이 방대하고, 이용자들이 자발적으로 참여하여 의견을 올린다는 특징 때문에 사람들의 관심사나 이슈사항에 대한 반응을 살피는 데 활용이 되고 있다. 본 논문은 이용자의 현재를 담고 있는 트위터 데이터로부터 ‘주거환경’에 대한 평가를 나타내는 트윗을 추출하고, 그 공간적 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 주거환경 평가를 나타내는 주제어를 ‘불안,’ ‘불만족’ 속성으로 나누어 선정하고 해당 주제어들을 포함하는 트윗을 지도에 나타내어 그 상대적 분포를 서울서베이 결과와 비교하였다. 트위터 데이터의 경우 편향성 등 여러 한계가 있지만, 도시정책지표를 통해 얻을 수 없는 자발적인 의견을 얻을 수 있고 공간정보를 포함할 수 있는 등 마이크로한 지역에 대한 의견을 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 트윗 데이터의 도시정책지표 보완을 위한 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. SNS including twitter, which many people are recording their present day, is being used for inspecting their concern or response to the issue in regard to huge amount of data that are generated as many as several hundred millions a day and users’ voluntary posting of opinions. In this study we conducted a spatial analysis by extracting twitter data containing evaluation on the residential environment among all twitter data recording users’ present condition. In addition, we also divided the key terms which represent evaluation on the residential environment into ‘anxiety’ and ‘dissatisfaction,’ marked the twitter data which include the key terms on the map and then compared the relative distribution with the result of Seoul survey. Even though there are some limitations such as gender or age bias in the case of twitter data, we can confirm that twitter data can be utilized to complement the urban policy indicators in that we can obtain two kinds of information such as the voluntary opinions which can not be attained in the urban policy indicators and the regional micro information which include spatial information.