도시와 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 결합 구조 연구

류신 ( Lyu Xin ),조택연 ( Cho Taigyoun ) 한국기초조형학회 2018 기초조형학연구 Vol.19 No.5

스마트 모빌리티 공간의 연구는 도시 자원 개발에 유리하다. 본 논문은 도시공간과 스마트 모빌리티의 결합방식을 탐구하고 더욱 유효한 스마트 도시 발전형식을 연구하여 스마트 공간의 새로운 형식을 개발하면서 도시 공간 구조론과 빅 데이터 사물인터넷 기술 및 무인운전 개념을 결합하여 미래 발전에 적응하는 도시 공간형식을 탐구하려 한다. 도시 정보화의 발전에 따라 스마트 도시는 점차 사람들 생활에 영향을 주기 시작했지만 스마트 도시의 건설은 여전히 구성단계에 있고 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 개념은 초기에 머물러 있으며 사람들의 이에 관한 이해도는 스마트 기술 측면에 국한 되어있다. 본 논문은 도시 실체 공간 분포의 각도로 스마트 도시 발전 및 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 응용을 연구하고 도시 공간 구조와 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 개념과 특징을 통해 스마트 모빌리티 공간 건설의 작용과 목표를 분석하여 스마트 모빌리티 공간과 도시 공간 분포의 관계를 탐구하고 더 나아가 스마트 모빌리티 공간 건설의 방법과 의미를 제기한다. 인류의 행위 및 도시공유 공간과 스마트 교통 시스템의 연결을 결합하여 공간과 사람의 연결을 촉진함으로 도시 공간 자원을 효율적으로 이용하고 공간 이용방식을 더욱 편리하게 공유하여 도시 공간 발전 모식의 심화와 광범위한 사고연구에 계시를 가져다주고, 또한 더 유효한 공간 이용 형식을 제공한다. 본 논문은 이론적 측면에서 도시 공간 구조 및 공간 관계에 대해 분석하고 기술적인 관점에서 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 응용 가능성을 연구하였다. 또한, 스마트 모빌리티 공간을 기반으로 이동 모델과 무인운전 기술을 결합해 최종적으로는 폐쇄형 공유공간의 개념을 제시한다. It is deemed that research on smart mobile space is conducive to better development of urban resources. This paper will explore the connection modes of urban space and smart mobility, explore more effective development models of smart city, develop new forms of smart space, and combine urban spatial structure theory with big data & Internet of Things technologies as well as the concept of unmanned, so as to explore urban space models adapted to future development. With the advancement of the city's informatization process, smart cities have begun to enter people's lives, but at present, the construction of smart cities is still under planning, and the smart mobility space is also at the beginning of exploring concept, and people's understanding of it is often limited to the smart technology level. To this end, this paper will study the application of smart city development and smart mobility space from the perspective of urban physical space layout. By understanding the concepts and characteristics of urban spatial structure and smart mobility space, the paper will analyze the function and goal of smart mobility space construction, discuss the relationship between smart mobile space and urban space layout, and then propose the methods and significance for smart mobility space construction. Combining human behavior preferences and the link between urban shared space and smart transportation systems, this study aims to promote the connection between space and people, make efficient use of urban space resources, and make more convenient use of shared space, so as to bring inspiration for more in-depth and broader thinking and researches on urban spatial development model, provide more effective space utilization models. This paper discusses the urban spatial structure from the theoretical level. Analysis of the feasibility of smart mobility space from a technical perspective. Based on smart mobility space move modes and combined with self-driving car technology. And finally propose the concept of closed-type shared space.

물순환을 고려한 도시녹지 기능 제고 방안

박은진(Eun-Jin Park),강규이,이현정,좌승희 경기연구원 2007 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2007 No.11

We reviewed the function of urban green space for sustainable water cycle system and examined the plan and design of urban space to improve its function for stormwater management. Urban green infrastructures and soil sealings of 31 administration districts and 15 watersheds in Gyeonggi Province were compared and the classification and boundary of urban green space as functional space for stormwater management were discussed. Urbanized blocks in an administration district are considered very important areas for stormwater management due to their high population densities and high levels of soil sealing. The areas of green space ranged widely from 4.4% to 31.5% in urbanized blocks of selected 10 cities. Bucheon, Anyang, and Gwangmyeong were characterized by the larger area of urbanized blocks and smaller green space area comparing to other cities and more effort for expanding green space and improving the function for stormwater management were emphasized for these cities. For a case study, green spaces were classified into 1) parks, 2) gardens in residential and commercial areas, 3) buffer strips and trees along streets, and 4) riparian areas, and the areas and structural characteristics of these green space types were examined for 22 urbanized drainage blocks in Bundang Stream Watershed. In addition, runoff coefficient and hydrograph were compared for 4 drainage blocks with different green infrastructure characteristics. The total area of parks and gardens in apartment complexes were greater than that of other green space types, and the combination of green space type differed with land use of drainage block. The area of vegetation buffer strip was high at the blocks including main streets. However, unpaved soil was very limited along streets and green space was not enough comparing to the area of road paved. Comparison of runoff coefficients and green space characteristics for 4 drainage blocks indicated that runoff was influenced by the area of green space. It also indicated that parks with greater green space area were more effective for stormwater management than smaller patches of gardens. Runoff was also influenced by the area and the distribution of roads and other paved surfaces. Considering the function of urban green space for stormwater management, the major concerns related to the planning and designing of urban green space are 1) green space planning were preceded by development planning without considering the preservation of wetlands and riparian area in watersheds, 2) the standard of green space planning puts more emphasis on the minimum area per capita and recreational use of green space rather than ecological function, 3) traditional stormwater management in urban area transports runoff promptly through drainage pipes to streams without coming into contact with green space. These resulted into the exclusion of green space from stormwater management system and the structural design of green space with which runoff can not be absorbed in urban green space. To improve the function of urban green space for stormwater management, urban green space should be perceived as a functional vital system with the cycles of water and soil for urban sustainability. The design of urban green space should also include natural water cycles so that urban green space can be incorporated into stormwater management system. Inappropriate guidelines for urban green space design regarding stormwater management were examined and the improvement of them was suggested in this study. In addition, the application of stormwater wetlands, rain gardens (bioretentions), grassed swales (bioswales), filter strips, buffer strips, and green roofs was discussed as urban landscapes for stormwater management. We suggest that the change of urban green space criteria, structural improvement of green space along streets, incorporating urban green space for stormwater management system, increasing investment for urban green space managemen

도시브랜딩을 위한 공간 업사이클링 특징에 관한 연구 - 칠성조선소 업사이클링을 중심으로 -

유승희 ( Ryu Seunghee ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 현대의 각 도시들은 경쟁력 확보를 위해 도시 브랜딩을 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 또한, 20세기 이후 산업 구조 변화에 따라 도시 공간에서 도시 재생은 중요한 키워드로 이미 자리 잡고 있다. 이에 기능이 다한 공간을 재해석하여 가치를 더하는 공간 업사이클링에 주목하였다. 본 연구는 도시 브랜딩 관점에서 공간의 범위를 공공 사업 공간에서 상업공간으로 확장하고, 도시의 가치를 담고 있는 상업공간에서 공간 업사이클링이 어떻게 효과적으로 발현되는지 특성을 연구한다. 도시 브랜딩에서 문화 중심형 도시 재생은 큰 역할을 해오고 있다. 이에 재생의 개념을 공공 디자인에서 상업공간으로 확장하여 공간 업사이클링이라는 사회적 트렌드를 반영하고 도시 브랜딩을 구현하는데 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. (연구방법) 먼저, 공간 업사이클링과 도시 브랜딩의 개념을 기존 연구를 통해 재정립하고, 공간 업사이클링 특성과 도시 브랜딩의 특징을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 도시 브랜딩에서의 공간 업사이클링의 특성을 제시하였다. 이후 도출한 키워드와 새롭게 제시한 특성을 중심으로 사례 연구를 진행한다. 대상 공간은 속초시를 대표하는 산업인 기존 조선소를 업사이클링한 공간으로 속초시에서 도시 브랜딩 사업의 긍정적 본보기로 평가되고 있는 칠성조선소로 선정하여 대상 공간에서 각 특성이 어떻게 발현되는지 비교, 분석하였다. (결과) 본 연구에서는 공간 업사이클링 특성의 조형적, 문화적 특성과 도시 브랜딩 요소에서 정체성과 상징성이, 공간 업사이클링 특성의 기능적 특징과 도시 브랜딩의 요소에서는 차별성과 신뢰성이 각각 연관성이 높은 요소로 분석되었다. 또한, 선행 연구를 통해 제시한 도시 브랜딩에서 공간 업사이클링 특성은 상징적 조형성, 문화적 정체성, 기능적 차별성이 대상 공간에서 동일하게 높은 적용도로 분석되었다. 위와 같은 연관성은 도시의 특색을 가진 특정 공간에 문화적, 사회적 특성을 스토리에 반영하고, 지역 가치의의 희소성을 가진 디자인 요소와 기능을 유지하는 공간 업사이클링은 도시 브랜딩 요소로서도 그 의미가 크다고 유추할 수 있다. (결론) 도시 브랜딩에서 공간 업사이클은 기존 공간이 가지고 있는 지역 사회적, 문화적 요소를 시각적, 심미적으로 표현될 때 소비자들에게 진정성 있는 공간으로 인지될 수 있다. 또한 기존 공간의 용도와 기능을 적극 활용하고 지역 특색의 체험을 유도하는 활동은 곧 도시 브랜딩의 활동으로 귀결되어 진다. 이는 지역 문화에 대한 이해가 바탕으로 과정을 수행할 때 진정성 있는 공간으로 의미가 있음을 알 수 있었다. (Background and Purpose) Modern cities are actively using urban branding to gain a competitive advantage. In addition, urban regeneration in urban spaces has already been established as an important keyword as the industrial structure has been changing since the 20th century. This was noted for space upcycling, which adds value by reinterpreting the space with a function. From an urban branding perspective, the study expands the scope of space from a public space to a commercial one and studies the characteristics of how space upcycling is effectively expressed in commercial spaces that contain urban values. Culturally-oriented urban regeneration has played a big role in urban branding. We want to expand the concept of regeneration from public design to commercial space to reflect the social trend of space upcycling and how it affects the implementation of urban branding. (Method) First, the concept of space upcycling and urban branding was established through existing research, and the characteristics of space upcycling and urban branding were derived. Based on this, it presented the characteristics of space upcycling in urban branding. We will, then, conduct a case study focusing on the derived keywords and newly proposed characteristics. The Chilsung shipyard was selected as the target space that is evaluated as a positive example of urban branding business in Socho City as a space that upcycled the existing shipyard; it is an industry representing Socho City, comparing and analyzing how each characteristic is expressed in the target space. (Results) In this study, the formative, cultural, and functional characteristics of space upcycling characteristics, identity and symbolism in urban branding elements, and elements of urban branding were analyzed as factors that were highly related to discrimination and reliability. In addition, space upcycling characteristics in urban branding presented through prior research were analyzed with the same high application of symbolic formativeness, cultural identity, and functional discrimination in the target space. These associations reflect cultural and social characteristics in a particular space with city characteristics, and it can be inferred that space upcycling, which retains design elements and functions with the scarcity of local values, is also significant as an urban branding element. (Conclusions) In urban branding, space upcycling can be perceived as an authentic space for consumers when the local social and cultural elements of the existing space are visually and aesthetically expressed. In addition, activities that actively utilize the uses and functions of existing spaces and encourage local experiences soon become urban branding activities. This was meant to be a truly authentic space when conducting courses based on an understanding of local culture.

Research on the Accessibility of Urban Green Space Based on Road Network- A Case Study of the Park Green Space in City Proper of Nanjing

Yong Fan,Ming-yuan Zhao,Lin Ma,Lan-yong Zhao 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.1

Accessibility of urban green space, as an important index of evaluating the service level of urban green space, not only shows the resident’s access to green space, but also reflects the environment quality of urban living. Since the quantity, area and space distribution of the patches in urban green space directly affect the function of urban green space and the quality of urban environment, the research on the accessibility of urban green space holds great significance to improve the service of urban green space and the living environment quality. Based on GIS software, this research uses the road network and the population distribution data of Nanjing’s city proper to conduct quantitative analysis of the accessibility of park green space and the convenience for residents to travel under different forms of transportation. After the case analysis, the author tests the application of road network in studying the accessibility of urban park green space and proposes a GIS-based method to study the accessibility and the rational layout of urban green space.

도시재개발 사업이 교육적 공간의 재편에 미치는 영향: 은평뉴타운 사업을 중심으로

이성민 한국교육정치학회 2012 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.19 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 도시재개발 사업이 교육적 공간 재편에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 도시재개발 과정에서 새롭게 출현하는 도시 공간의 성격은 어떤 특징을 가지는가, 그리고 이 과정에서 새롭게 출현하는 교육적 공간의 성격은 어떤 특징을 가지는가라는 두 개의 연구문제를 설정하였다. ‘공간’은 선험적인 물리적 공간이 아니라 사회적으로 생산되기 때문에 자본주의 질서가 내재되어 있다. 특히, 현대 도시 공간의 거주지 분화는 사회불평등이라는 자본주의 질서가 구현된 것이다. 그런데, 새로운 성격의 도시 공간이 생산되는 계기인 도시재개발은 이 공간의 지배를 두고 각 집단들의 분투가 드러나는 장(field)이기 때문에 사회적 질서가 공간적으로 재편되는 과정이 극명하게 드러난다. 이 과정을 고찰하기 위해 서울시의 뉴타운 시범지구였던 ‘은평뉴타운’ 사업을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 은평뉴타운 지구는 도시경쟁력을 높이기 위한 국가의 정책 실현 과정에서 신자유주의적 도시 공간이 되었으며 둘째, 도시 공간의 거주지 분화가 촉진되는 과정에서 포함과 배제의 질서를 구현하는 공간이 되었고 셋째, 지가의 상승과 개인의 욕망이 결합된 결과 상품화되었다. 그리고 이에 기반하여 은평뉴타운의 교육적 공간 역시 유사한 과정을 거쳐 특정 집단에게 유리한 방식으로 재편되었다. 이런 방식의 교육적 공간 재편은 교육 기회 차원에서 불평등을 초래한다. 즉, 도시재개발은 교육불평등이 공간적으로 구현되는 방식에 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of urban renewal program on inequality of educational space. This article has two research question: First, what is the characteristic of new urban space appearing in the process of urban renewal program? Second, what is the characteristic of new educational space appearing in this process? 'Space' is not a priori physical space. It is a social space produced socially. So, space is embedded in Capitalism order. Particularly, the divided residental areas of urban space involve inequality in Capitalism order. Urban renewal program which produces new urban space is the field of representing each groups’ struggles for dominating Space, so the process of social order is reconstructed spatially emerged clearly. To consider this process, Eunpyeong Newtown was investigated. First, Eunpyeong Newtown is a neo-liberal urban space. Second, Eunpyeong Newtown is urban space represented social order of involvement and exclusion. Third, Eunpyeong Newtown is commercialized urban space. Along with this, the educational space of Eunpyeong Newtown has also same characteristics with Eunpyeong Newtown urban space. These reconstructions of educational space cause inequality of educational opportunity. In conclusion, urban renewal program affect on spatial reconstruction of educational inequality.

앙리 르페브르의 도시적 공간담론을 통해 본 지아장커(賈樟柯) 영화에 재현된 도시 공간 (1998-2018)

왕겅이(Wang, Geng Yi),정태수(Chung, Tae Soo) 한국영화학회 2021 영화연구 Vol.- No.88

영화는 도시에서 탄생하며 자신의 표현방식(영화적 공간)을 통해 도시를 재현한다. 도시와 영화는 이러한 친연관계가 있어서 본 논문은 앙리 르페브르(Henri Lefebvre)의 공간담론을 토대로 영화에 접근하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로 접근할 영화는 개혁 개방 이후 중국사회의 변화를 냉철하게 기록하는 중국 제6세대 대표감독인 지아장커(賈樟柯)의 12편의 장편 영화작품들이다. 지아장커 영화를 선택하는 이유는 그의 영화에 재현된 도시 공간은 르페브르의 도시적 공간담론에서 논술하는 것과 놀랄 정도의 일치성이 있기 때문이다. 특히 도시적 공간의 소외와 도시공간에 내포된 변증법적 특성은 지아장커와 르페브르의 공통적인 관심사이다. 르페브르가 도시는 소외의 온상이라고 지적하며 산업화(사물의 생산)와 탈산업화(기호적 소비)라는 두 가지 측면에서 도시적 소외에 대해 집중적으로 논의했다. 또한 그에게 있어서 도시는 정지되어 있는 공간이 아니라 유동적이고 변증법적인 공간이다. 도시적 공간의 변증법적 특징에 대해 그가 ‘주변-중심’, ‘생산-소비’, ‘(재)영토화-탈 영토화’라는 세 가지 측면에 입각해 구체적으로 분석하고자 한다. 지아장커는 르페브르가 지적하는 도시적 공간이 갖고 있는 소외성과 변증법적 특성을 자신의 영화적 공간으로 재현한다. 도시적 공간의 소외성의 경우, 그가 영화에서 개혁 개방 이후 도시로 유입된 농민공(農民工)과 자본주의 논리에 순응할 줄 모르는 주변인(邊緣人)이라는 인물군상을 자신의 영화의 주인공을 설정함으로써 자본으로부터 나오는 도시적 소외를 그려냈다. 다른 한편, 르페브르가 지적하는 ‘주변-중심’, ‘생산-소비’, ‘(재)영토화- 탈 영토화’라는 세 가지 도시적 공간의 변증법의 경우, 그의 영화에서 농촌과 도시의 대비, 그리고 낡은 것의 해체와 새로운 것의 형성 과정을 보여주면서 도시적 공간의 ‘주변-중심’의 변증법적 관계를 그려냈다. 그리고 영화에서 도시에 있는 노동자들의 노동과정과 대중광고, 명품 브랜드를 함께 보여줌으로써 도시적 공간의 생산-소비의 변증관계를 재현했다. 또한 감독이 영화에서 중국본토적인 것과 자본주의 세계화로 인해 중국으로 유입된 외래 자본, 문화, 이데올로기 등 함께 대비적으로 보여줌으로써 도시적 공간 속에 끊임없는 (재)영토화- 탈 영토화의 변증법적 관계를 그려냈다. 이처럼 르페브르와 지아장커가 이러한 비슷한 관심사가 있어서 본 논문에서는 르페브르의 도시적 공간담론을 바탕으로 지아장커 영화에 접근함으로써 개혁 개방 이후 중국 도시 공간 표상변화에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. Film are born in cities and reproduce the city in their own way. Because cities and films are related to each other, this paper seeks to approach films based on Henri Lefebvre’s Urban space discourse. More specifically, the films will be 12 feature films by China’s sixth-generation representative director, Jia Zhang-ke’s films who records changes in Chinese society in a cool manner after the reform and opening. The reason for choosing Jia Zhang-ke’s film is that the urban space reproduced in his film is surprisingly consistent with Lefebvre’s urban spatial discourse. In particular, the alienation of urban space and dialectical characteristics implicit in urban space are common interests of Jia Zhang-ke and Lefebvre. Lefebvre pointed out that cities are hotbeds of alienation and intensively discussed urban alienation in terms of two values: industrialization (production of things) and deindustrialization (symbolic consumption). Also, for him, the city is not a stationary space, a fluid and dialectical space. He specifically analyzed the dialectical characteristics of urban space based on three aspects: “ambient-centered”, “production-consumption”, and “re-territorialization-de- territorialization.” Jia Zhang-ke recreated the alienation and dialectical characteristics of the urban space pointed out by Lefebvre into his cinematic space. In the case of urban space alienation, he recreated urban alienation from capital by setting the main characters of his film, “farmers-turned migrant workers” and “the marginal person” who were not compliant with capitalist logic after the opening of the reform. On the other hand, in the case of the dialectics of three urban spaces, which Lefebvre points out, “periphery-centre”, “production-consumption”, and “re-territorialization-de-territorialization” his film depicts the dialectical relationship of urban space by showing rural and urban contrasts, and the dismantling of old and forming new. And the film recreates the dialectical relationship between production and consumption of urban space by showing the labor process of workers in the city, mass advertising, and luxury brands together. In addition, the film depicts the dialectical relationship of mainland China and foreign capital, culture, and ideology that flowed into China due to capitalist globalization, depicting a constant re-territorialization-de-territorialization in urban space. As Lefebvre and Jia Zhang-ke have similar interests, in this paper, would like to attempt in-depth analysis by approaching Jia Zhang-ke’s film based on Lefebvre’s urban spatial discourse.

지속 가능한 도시경영을 위한 중국 후난성 주요 도시의 공간적 성장 특징분석

양리쥔,김현철,안철옥 한국산업경영시스템학회 2022 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.45 No.3

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

근대 상하이 도시 공간과 기억의 굴절

김승욱(Seung Wook Kim) 중국근현대사학회 2009 중국근현대사연구 Vol.41 No.-

Urban space has some attributes distinguished from rural areas. As such, it has the power of conditioning the ways of its inhabitants’ behaving and thinking, while shaping their sense of identity. From the view-point, it is very valuable to examine what roles urban space has played in shaping urban life. For this, I focus on modern Shanghai, discussing how the urban space of Shanghai has been formed and transformed and how it has influenced the changing formation of Shanghaian’s urban life. The urban space of Shanghai has a long history of its formation and transformation for about 700 years. The first stage of shaping urban space in this area is when Xian-cheng(縣城) built in Ming dynasty. It had the common appearance that traditional Chinese cities had, and the inhabitants did not any certain identities as the city-dweller. However, as shanghai had promoted its position as a trade-port, it had to increasingly developed its own urban spaces with diverse urban activities and with increasing population. It might be the evolutional process of the urban spaces, if the trend stand. In the historical change of Shanghai, it is noticeable that the International Settlement and the French Concession played a powerful role to re-form the urban spaces of Shanghai. It made the urban spaces distorted. Under the being of the Settlement and Concession, Shanghai could not have the identical figure as a unity and Chinese faced radical separations among them. And Chinese had difficulties in having the sence of identity as the Shanghaian. Chinese government has persistently responded to such distorted transformations in Shanghai. Nanjing Nationalist Government and People's Republic of China have strived for the integration of urban spaces in Shanghai. However the effort of both government for urban reshaping obtained partial results, on the contrary increases the distortion of urban spaces. The greatest problem revealed through the historical “development” of Shanghai is that the urban spaces are not tightly connected to the lives of Shanghaians. In spite of Shanghai’s modern brilliance and rapid development, Shanghaians often do not feel that they belong to Shanghai.

파리 레알 지구 상업공간의 도시공간적 변화와 특성

신예경 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.3

(Background and Purpose) The Les Halles district of Paris is located in District 1, which forms the center of Paris. Since the 12th century, it has been the main living area of Paris. The purpose of this study is to examine how the underground subterranean space for urban rail transfers grew into complex space with the commercial function of the Les Halles district from an urban spatial perspective, forcusing on the Les Halles district of the 1st district arrondissement of Paris. (Method) The research method was mainly literature research based on maps, photographs, reports, and drawings containing the planning process. The process of urban growth in the Les Halles area and the expansion of various urban railway lines and the process of spatial expansion as a transfer space were analyzed temporally. In particular, the formation of the market centered on the Les Halles district and the process of laying urban railways were investigated in historical records and literature, as well as the physical effects and influences shown in the later urban space, the time of promotion, the background of promotion, the main points of the plan, and the process of promotion. While analyzing the discussions and issues that occurred, the interpretation of the urban spatial reorganization was carried out. (Results) Due to the locational characteristics, the development and revitalization plan in the process of being a place for commerce for a long time has historically been subject to controversy in terms of urban planning and architecture. As a result of the study, the Les Halles district built an independent place as a lively commercial place in the city center until the 19th century, and between 1969 and 1985, the Les Halles district redevelopment project realized the establishment of an underground space in the form of linking the existing commercial functions transfer of Les Halles district and the urban railway subway. In the reorganization project since 2002, a three-dimensional complex transfer space that maximized mobility and connectivity was built. (Conclusions) The Les Halles District is a transportation hub that creates demand based on a significant floating population that causes high social and economic activities, and the historical buildings significantly distributed in the space of the urban railway station and its adjacent areas secure visual transparency in the dense urban environment. It was inevitably required to reorganize vertical and horizontal walking routes that organically connect ground and underground spaces. Appropriate solution to this was the direction of morphologically and physically undergrounding the plaza and securing a three-dimensional open space. As a result, it can be said that the nature of the public area changed from the previously privatized public space to a shared space as modern transportation functions were accepted.

토포필리아 관점의 도시 브랜딩 특성에 관한 연구

유승희 ( Ryu¸ Seunghee ),황용섭 ( Hwang¸ Yongseop ),김주연 ( Kim¸ Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(연구배경 및 목적) 세계의 각 도시들은 대외적으로는 국가경쟁력 강화와 대내적으로는 지역 발전을 위해 적극적으로 도시 브랜딩을 활용하고 있다. 도시 브랜딩은 심볼, 로고 등 그래픽적 아이덴티티 확립에서 도시의 특색을 반영한 공간으로 그 범위가 확장되고 있다. 도시 브랜딩의 목적은 그 도시가 의도한 가치를 소비자들이 긍정적으로 인식하고 도시를 기억하여 재방문하도록 유도하는 데 있다. 이를 위해서는 소비자 입장에서 공간을 기억하는 가치기반의 관점에서 접근할 필요가 있다. 토포필리아는 공간과 장소의 개념을 분리하여 물리적인 환경인 ‘공간’이 공간에 대한 개인의 경험과 정서적 교류를 통해 특정한 ‘장소’로 인지된다는 이론이다. 이에 본 연구는 소비자 인식 가치에 기반한 토포필리아 관점에서 도시 브랜딩의 공간의 특성이 성공적인 도시 브랜딩 공간에서 어떻게 효과적으로 발현되고 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. (연구방법) 먼저, 토포필리아와 도시 브랜딩의 개념을 기존 문헌과 연구를 통해 재정립하고, 토포필리아와 도시 브랜딩의 특징을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 토포필리아 관점에서 도시 브랜딩의 공간 특성을 도출하였다. 이후 도출한 특성을 중심으로 대상 공간을 선정하여 사례 연구를 진행한다. 대상 공간은 성공적인 도시 브랜딩의 공간 4곳을 선정하여 각 공간에서 도출된 특성이 어떻게 발현되는지 분석하였다. (결과) 본 연구에서는 토포필리아 관점으로서 도시 브랜딩의 공간 특성 중 정체성 지각과 상징적 태도의 역사성이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 상징적 태도의 상징성과 경험적 신뢰의 안전성에서 높게 나타났다. 이는 도시의 특색을 반영하고 잘 보존된 도시 브랜딩의 역사적 문화적 공간은 시각적 자극과 개인의 경험을 통해 특정 장소로 인식 전환에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 요소로 의미가 크다고 유추할 수 있다. (결론) 도시 브랜딩에서 공간은 시각적 자극과 동시에 경험을 통한 정서적 교류의 매개체이다. 기존 공간이 가지고 있는 역사적 환경적 요소를 정체성을 기반으로, 상징적으로 잘 보존하고 현대적으로 경험 가능한 공간으로 전략적으로 활용할 때 소비자들에게 가치 있는 특정 장소로 인식되고 오랫동안 기억될 수 있다. 이는 도시 브랜딩은 역사적 가치 공간을 잘 보존하고, 그 공간을 현대적으로 재해석해 적극적으로 활용하는 활동이 도시 브랜딩의 성공적인 결과로 귀결됨을 알 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 도시의 문화적 역사적 이해를 바탕으로 현대 소비자 가치기반의 니즈를 파악하여 과정을 수행할 때 도시 브랜딩의 공간으로 성공적인 결과를 가져올 수 있음을 유추할 수 있다. (Background and Purpose) Cities around the world are actively using urban branding to strengthen national competitiveness and internally develop the region. Urban branding is moving away from establishing graphic identities such as symbols and logos in spaces that reflect the city's characteristics. The purpose of urban branding is to encourage consumers to positively recognize the intended value and to remember the city and return. This requires a value-based approach that makes spaces memorable from a consumer’s perspective. Topophilia is the theory that "space", a physical environment that separates the concept of space and place, is perceived as a specific "place" through personal experiences and emotional exchanges. From a Topopilia perspective based on consumer awareness values, the study explores how the nature of urban branding effectively manifests and influences the characteristics of urban branding in a successful urban branding space. (Method) First, the concept of topopilia and urban branding was redefined through existing literature and research, and the characteristics of topopilia and urban branding were derived. Based on this, the spatial characteristics of urban branding were derived from a Topopilia perspective. The target space was selected based on the characteristics derived, and a case study was used to analyze how the characteristics derived from each space are expressed. (Results) In this study, the historicity of identity perception and symbolic attitudes was high among the spatial characteristics of urban branding from a Topopilia perspective. It also appeared high in the symbolism of symbolic attitudes and the safety of empirical trust. This reflects the city's characteristics and shows that the historical cultural space of well-preserved urban branding has a significant positive influence on changing perceptions through visual stimulation and personal experience. (Conclusions) In urban branding, space is a medium of visual stimulation and emotional exchange through experience. Based on the identity of the historical environmental elements of the existing space, it can be recognized and remembered as a specific place of value for consumers when strategically utilized as a symbolically well-preserved and modernly experienced space. It should be noted that urban branding preserves historical value spaces well, and actively using modern reinterpretations results in successful urban branding. This allows us to identify the needs of modern consumers’ values based on the cultural and historical understanding of a city; from this, we can infer that the process has a successful outcome.