『고려국신조대장교정별록(高麗國新雕大藏校正別錄)』의 교감(校勘) 유형과 성격

최연주 ( Choi Yeon-joo ) 동아대학교 석당학술원 2017 석당논총 Vol.0 No.68

This study had been discussed with two ways about `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock`. By collecting existing research, `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` is recognized the top of a revised scriptures. Various perception and method will build the foundation which strengthen understanding of `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock`. However, following of the research, irrational case of research must be complemented. And comparison of the revised scriptures between `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` and Tripitaka Koreana is necessary for study. Also, joint research with Historiography, Buddhology and bibliography must go ahead to encourage study of `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock`. This is a part of author and translator who had included in scriptures `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` as well as Dogam(都監) and period when it carved. The revised scriptures of `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` was not processed for the whole of scriptures but for scriptures which is brought up problem. It is supposed to made by using Tripitaka Koreana`s list in the process of comparison with some scriptures. Revising of `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` is mutually associated with its carving, so it efficiently went along with Daejangdogam(大 藏都監). `Agrapradipadharanividyaraja(最勝燈王如來經)` and `Suvarnasaptati (金七十論)` -Scriptures which is the revising object in `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock`- is out of the ordinary. `Agrapradipadharanividyaraja` was later than another revised scriptures and `Suvarnasaptati` was confirmed not Buddhism scriptures. `Agrapradipadharanividyaraja` was nonexistent in Song dynasty`s Tripitaka, however it was discovered in Liao Dynasty`s Tripitaka when Tripitaka Koreana was carved and added to Tripitaka Koreana. Tripita Koreana and part which added to `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` respectively were same edition. But `Agrapradipadharanividyaraja` of the Tripitaka Koreana was carved in King Gojong 33 year, but `Agrapradipadharanividyaraja` of the `Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock` was carved in King Gojong 34 year and different technicians conducted. In other words, it was added to Tripitaka Koreana additionally. To separate this, it was designed to if something had wrong letters, it could be marked `DanBon(丹本)` behind the first section and last section in the scripture`s name and small letter `丹(Dan)` behind Ham(函) to be revised. `Suvarnasaptati` was not authentical Buddhism scriptures by comparison of the East Asia (Song, Goryeo, Liao Dynasty)`s Tripitaka. But it was added to Tripitaka Koreana. We can presume Reviser like monk Sugi(守其) had conducted the revising prudently. Finally, Reviser of Tripitaka Koreana had a continuous interest to Tripitaka where located in East Asia and studied. They compared with various type of Tripitaka and added as well Certain nation`s system and list in the revising to Tripitaka Koreana. So this organization was not behind the times and not standardized but it showed operation with mutual and flexible process situationally.

海印寺 八萬大藏經

성안스님(임득균) 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 2011 한자연구 Vol.0 No.5

The Tripitaka Koreana ("Goryeo Daejanggyeong") wooden printing blocks have been recognized as a priceless Korean cultural heritage since the 13th century. They represent the advanced level of Buddhist studies at that time and its printing technology. The Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks also reflect the universal cultural values of 13th century East Asia. I will first examine the philological aspect of the Tripitaka Koreana. Then its historical and cultural background will be surveyed, including the time and places of its production, the supervisory organizations involved, and the purpose for its production. The meticulous production process of the Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks will be summarized beginning with the cutting of logs and the acquisition of Buddhist canon in preparation for the making of the printing woodblocks. Then, based on textual evidence, their enshrinement at Haein-sa Temple will also be explored from the aspects of the timing of its production and the possible transportation routes used for its relocation to Haein-sa. The Tripitaka Koreana has been printed several times in the pursuit of both national and private objectives. I will examine for whom and how often it has been printed. Lastly, the measures taken to preserve the Tripitaka Koreana will be explored. Many factors have contributed to their almost perfect preservation. Special techniques are evident in the preparation of the woodblocks, how the woodblocks are stacked on the repository shelves, and also in the location and construction of their repositories. Current research will be introduced which is being conducted to apply modern scientific techniques for their enhanced preservation and to better utilize the content of the Tripitaka Koreana in diverse cultural areas.

海印寺 八萬大藏經

性安 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 2011 한자연구 Vol.0 No.5

The Tripitaka Koreana ("Goryeo Daejanggyeong") wooden printing blocks have been recognized as a priceless Korean cultural heritage since the 13th century. They represent the advanced level of Buddhist studies at that time and its printing technology. The Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks also reflect the universal cultural values of 13th century East Asia. I will first examine the philological aspect of the Tripitaka Koreana. Then its historical and cultural background will be surveyed, including the time and places of its production, the supervisory organizations involved, and the purpose for its production. The meticulous production process of the Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks will be summarized beginning with the cutting of logs and the acquisition of Buddhist canon in preparation for the making of the printing woodblocks. Then, based on textual evidence, their enshrinement at Haein-sa Temple will also be explored from the aspects of the timing of its production and the possible transportation routes used for it relocation to Haein-sa. The Tripitaka Koreana has been printed several times in the pursuit of both national and private objectives. I will examine for whom and how often it has been printed. Lastly, the measures taken to preserve the Tripitaka Koreana will be explored. Many factors have contributed to their almost perfect preservation. Special techniques are evident in the preparation of the woodblocks, how the woodblocks are stacked on the repository shelves, and also in the location and construction of their repositories. Current research will be introduced which is being conducted to apply modern scientific techniques for their enhanced preservation and to better utilize the content of the Tripitaka Koreana in diverse cultural areas.

융복합 문화로서 재조대장경과 판각지 남해의 문화콘텐츠 개발

고상현(Ko, Sang-Hyun) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2017 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.81

재조대장경의 조성과 관련하여 아직까지도 연구자들 사이에 논의가 진행 중이다. 그럼에도 남해에서 판각되었다는 사실에는 의견이 모아지고 있다. 대장경은 문화적으로는 유형문화와 무형문화가 결합하고 있으며, 내용적으로는 의천의 『신편제종교장총록』, 송·거란·일본 등에서 한역대장경 장소 수집과 교감을 통한 완성도 높은 교정이 이루어졌다. 재조대장경은 당대 인쇄문화와 기술의 융합, 지역간의 연계, 국가와 민간, 출가와 재가 등 회통과 융복합 문화의 정점에 있었다. 13세기 동아시아 문화를 아우르는 글로컬라이제이션의 전범이었다. 또한 현대 일본의 『대정신수대장경』과 대만의 『불광대장경』 등의 저본으로 삼을 만큼 문화를 주도해 왔다. 21세기 문화로서 대장경은 문화재 가치의 보존과 활용을 통해 재탄생되어야 한다. 이런 측면에서는 본고에서는 대장경의 본래적 가치와 종합적 외현인 문화콘텐츠로서 불교문화테마파크와 대장경축전문화콘텐츠, 문화콘텐츠산업으로서 인쇄문화콘텐츠산업의 방향을 제시하였다. 불교테마파크로는 불교랜드, 불교문화 라키비움과 마음산업을 선도할 수행센터인 참선센터 등 건립을, 대장경축전문화콘텐츠로서는 격년으로 개최되는 대장경천년세계문화축전과 연계한 대규모의 축전과 소규모 지역공동체 축전을 제시하였다. 특히 창조적 파괴를 통한 활용인 인쇄문화콘텐츠산업으로는 4차 산업혁명에 중추적 역할을 담당할 인쇄전자산업(Printed Electronics Industry)의 도입과 활용을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 서부경남의 지역 클러스트 형성과 학교와의 연계, 대장경인쇄문화연구소(가) 설립 등을 제시하였다. This paper examines the Jaejo-tripitaka, which was manufactured during the Goryeo Dynasty as a cultural asset of convergence. It also examines the development of cultural content printing as it was pursued in Namhae, where the tripitaka was carved into woodblocks. The Jaejo-tripitaka was fine-tuned and became more sophisticated by collecting and collating research and commentaries from Uicheon’s Sinpyeon-jejong-gyojang-chongrok, as well as from Chinese tripitakas from Song, the Khitan, and Japan. Furthermore, the Jaejotripitaka showcased the culmination of intercommunication and culture of convergence, which was characterized by the integration of the printing culture and technology of the time, as well as interregional coordination, the link between the state and its people, and the relationship between the faithful and secular. The Jaejo-tripitaka led cultural promotion not only as a classic of the globalizing East Asian culture of the 13th century, but also as an original script for modern Japan’s Daejeongshinsudaejanggyung and Taiwan’s Bulkwang-tripitaka. To lead the culture of the 21st century, tripitakas should be embraced in efforts to preserve and utilize cultural values and to promote disruptive creation. Buddhist Theme Parks and tripitaka cultural festivals could serve as places to commemorate and display the intrinsic values of the tripitaka. Furthermore, a new direction for the cultural content printing industry is offered to enable tripitakas to be used to facilitate disruptive creation. Specifically, a Buddhist Theme Park could take the form of a Buddhist Land, Buddhist Larchiveum, or Seon Meditation Center for the mind industry. As for cultural festivals, large-scale festivals linked to the biennial Millennial Anniversary of the Tripitaka Koreana, as well as small-sized community-level festivals, could be considered. Finally, for the cultural content printing industry, the electronic printing industry could be introduced and adopted as it will play a key role in the fourth industrial revolution. In this regard, the establishment of regional clusters in west Gyeongnam, cooperation with schools, and a tripitaka cultural research and printing institute (provisional) are proposed.

고려 敎藏 및 「신편제종교장총록」 연구성과와 과제

박용진 한국서지학회 2022 서지학연구 Vol.89 No.-

The study of Goryeo-Gyojang and the Gyojang-chonglog began to be studied by Japanese scholars in the 1910s. Above study was conducted from the perspective of Sokjang-gyeong in relation to the transmission of the ‘Tripitaka Koreana’ and Buddhist Texts in the Korean Peninsula. Domestic research began in the late 1950s, and full-scale research began in the 1980s. Then, in 2004, a study was conducted based on the data of the new Gyojang found in the chests of four-guardian statutes at Songgwangsa Temple in Jeolla-do. Since 2012, research has progressed significantly through the gathering of Gyojang and DB project of The Research Institute of the Tripitaka Koreana. Future research task can be divided into sections such as the history and culture of the Gyojang, cataloging such as the classification system of the Gyojang-chonglog, manuscript study of the original version of the Gyojang, and textual criticism studies related to text contrast. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct an individual and comprehensive study. 고려 교장 및 「교장총록」 연구는 1910년대 일본인 학자에 의해 연구되기 시작하였고, 고려대장경과 한반도의 불전 전래와 관련하여, 속장경이라는 관점에서 연구되었다. 1950-70년대 한국 역사 및 문화사상 고려대장경이나 대각국사 의천이 강조되면서 교장 및 「교장총록」에 대한 연구가 이루어졌다. 1980-90년대에는 국내 연구자의 증가와 함께 서지학 및 불교학을 중심으로 본격화되었다. 2000-2009년대에는 고려 전적과 기록문화에 대한 성과가 정리되는 가운데 2004년에 송광사 사천왕상에서 12종의 복장 전적이 확인되어, 고려 교장 및 조선 간경도감 간행 불전 연구가 진행되었다. 2010년 이후 연구는 고려대장경연구소의 고려 교장 결집 및 DB구축사업(2012-2019년)을 통한 국내외 교장 자료 조사와 연구가 중심이 되었다. 향후 연구과제로는 교장의 역사․문화 부문, 서지학의 「교장총록」의 분류체계 등 목록학, 교장의 전존본에 대한 판본 연구의 판본학, 원문대조나 교감과 관련한 교감학 등의 부문에서 개별적, 종합적 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다.

류구불교(琉球佛敎)와 고려불교(高麗佛敎)와의 관계

성해준 ( Sung¸ Hae-jun ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2020 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Ryukyu's period is largely divided into the era of village, tribe, and gun, and the era of unification by the Gusuku, Sanzan, and Chuzan. In 1429, the unified old dynasty by Syouhashiou(尙巴志王) was then established as a means of royal rule by Buddhism, which led to a stable era. However, it was under Japan's surveillance system in 1609 when it sent envoys to Japan in the wake of Satsuma's invasion and was merged into Japan in 1879. Since the Goryeo Dynasty, Ryukyu has sent envoys to the Korean Peninsula several times to save Buddhist scriptures, Daejanggyeong, and Goryeo Buddhist bells. Historical traces suggest that Ryukyu was the place where Goryeo's Sambyeolcho fought to the end in Mongolia and was defeated in Jeju Island and settled down, and that they also influenced the founding of the Old Kingdom. The basis for such historical support related to the Korean Peninsula and Ryukiu is evidenced by the fact that the Korean Peninsula was first named before China and Japan in an article written on the bell of King Ryukiu's kingdom of Japan. In addition, landmark traces of Goryeo Buddhism were found in relics and roof tiles excavated from Urasso Castle in Okinawa in 1982. Therefore, this paper focused on the relationship between the Buddhist ideas of Ryukyu and Goryeo, focusing on the ancient Buddhism.

동아대학교 함진재 소장 강화경판(江華京板) 고려대장경(高麗大藏經) 인경본의 자료적 가치와 활용방안

신태갑,최영호 동아대학교 석당학술원 2013 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.57

This case study analyzed into the source-value and utilization-plan of the Ganghwa Woodblock-Koryo Tripitaka’s printing-material in the Hamjinjae of Dong-A University. this printing-date was printed from 1963 to 1968, was systematically investigated since the 1990s. hereby, this printing-date was utilized the source-material that researched on the historical and cultural reality of the Ganghwa Woodblock-Koryo Tripitaka. Nevertheless, this printing-date was some cases that the source- material was missing or unclear. therefore, the missing source- material can be compensated from these sources. the complementary-data is the digital material of Tripitaka-Koreana- institute(八萬大藏經硏究院) in the Haein(海印)-Temple, the printing- material of the Otani(大谷) University, the printing-material of the Woljeong(月精)-Temple. the supplemented source-material can be used as follows. it is the systematic study of the Ganghwa Woodblock-Koryo Tripitaka, the restoration of the Goryeo- Dynasty's Annals(高麗王朝實錄), the source material of the cultural content-development, the restoration of the damaged original woodblock. 이 글은 동아대학교 함진재 소장 강화경판 『고려대장경』 인경본에 대한 자료적 가치와 보완방법 및 보완자료의 활용방안을 진단하였다. 1960년대 확보된 함진재 소장의 강화경판 인경본은 1990년대부터 원천자료의 체계적인 조사․정리작업을 수행하면서 자료적 가치가 새롭게 인식되어 주목되었다. 1990년대부터 2000년대까지 해인사 소장 강화경판의 원천자료를 열람할 수 없었으므로, 함진재 소장의 인경본은 원천자료로 중요한 가치를 확보할 수 있었다. 더구나 1970년대 동국대학교에서 간행한 『고려대장경』 영인본 총48책에 비해, 보다 풍부한 자료를 확인할 수 있다. 좌․우 변란과 그 외곽에 새겨진 각수, 발원문 자료와 함께 ‘외장(外藏)’ 자료도 풍부하게 확인할 수 있었다. 1990년부터 2013년 현재까지 함진재 소장 인경본 자료가 연구자료로 활용되면서 상당한 연구성과를 축적하도 하였다. 우선, 강화경판의 역사․문화적 가치를 객관적으로 밝히는 원천자료로 활용되었다. 일제식민주의 학자들이 강화경판을 소위 초조대장경판의 복각판(復刻板)으로 파악한 문화적 정체성(停滯性) 등을 극복하는 원천자료로 활용하여 역사․문화적 객관성을 바로잡았다. 다음으로, 조성사업의 주체와 목적에 대한 역사 실체를 객관적으로 정립하는 자료로도 활용되었다. 일제식민주의 역사학자와 해방 이후 한국 연구자들이 강화경판의 조성주체․목적과 조성공간의 위치 및 참여자의 범위를 최씨무인정권과 연계시켜 축소․평가한 이해방식을 객관적으로 바로잡는 데 함진재 소장의 원천자료를 적극 활용하였다. 마지막으로, 다양한 내용을 새롭게 밝히는 원천자료로도 활용되었다. 그 결과, 대장․분사도감의 운영조직체계와 역할, 그 산하의 판각공간, 분사도감의 위치 등이 구체적으로 탐색되었고, 조성사업 참여자들의 다양한 출신성분과 그들의 현실인식 등도 새롭게 밝히게 되었다. 그러면서도 함진재 소장의 인경본은 1960년대 인출 당시 인경 전문가의 제한적 인식, 개별 경판의 마모나 훼손 등으로 원천자료가 누락되거나 불명확하게 인경된 경우도 있다. 특히 좌․우 변란의 밖이나 그 외곽 부분에 새겨진 각수, 발원문, 공방(工房) 자료의 상당수도 누락되어 있다. 따라서 누락된 원천자료는 해인사 팔만대장경연구원 소장의 디지털자료를 원천텍스트로 삼고, 우왕 7년(1381) 인출된 일본 오오타니(大谷)대학 소장본의 자료집, 조선 고종 2년(1865)에 인출된 월정사 소장 인경본의 사진자료 등을 교차적으로 활용하여 보완할 수 있다. 보완된 자료는 체계적인 연구와 함께 고려왕조실록의 복원, 문화․관광콘텐츠 개발의 원천소스, 마모․훼손된 원판의 복원, 원판과 후대 보각판의 진위여부 진단 등 다양한 영역에도 활용할 수 있다.

契丹과 高麗의 佛敎文獻 交流

남권희 한국서지학회 2013 서지학연구 Vol.56 No.-

This study dealt with various aspect of culture exchange in early period of Yao and Goryeo. Especially the study focused in the exchange of Buddhist scriptures and tried to understand how the unique culture of Yao spreaded into Goryeo. Between the Kitan and Goryeo they had not made a positive exchange in early time of foundation respectively because they didn’t have any political, military or economical interest and needs in those days. In the examination of records at that time, they began to exchange cultural and political interchange in 11th century including Buddhist scripture widely. Moreover the Kitan had high growth of Buddhist culture as well as economics and politics, the country published lots of books like ‘Yonggamsookyung’ and Buddhist scripture. Also there were many famous Buddhist monk as well in the country. Consequently these circumstances had direct influence on Goryeo Dynasty. As we all know, Daegak Guksa Uicheon in Goryeo also tried to publish many Buddhist scripture and commentary books passionately. Besides, books of Goryeo were broughted to the Kitan and they were explained and translated by the Kitan monk adversely. Therefore the study tried to examine the publishing culture and articles through the investigation of culture exchange between two coutury.

高麗大藏經 「佛說七處三觀經」과 「雜阿含經」(單卷)의 비교 분석 - 初雕本과 再雕本의 對校를 중심으로 -

석혜영 한국서지학회 2024 서지학연구 Vol.98 No.-

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the original texts of Bulseolchilcheosamgwan-gyeong and Jabaham-gyeong, which are part of the Chojo Tripitaka Koreana(初雕本) housed in the Japanese Nansen Temple, and their recompiled versions in the Jaejo Tripitaka Koreana(再雕本). The aim was to examine corresponding sections in each text and explore the relationship between the two scriptures in an attempt to achieve textual harmony. Regarding commonalities, in the case of the first edition, the case label used in the Japanese Nansenji Temple’s Issaikyō is “思” (corrected in ink), while the case label in the Goryeo Daejanggyeong is “若”. In terms of volume and end marks, the first edition uses the character “丈” while the second edition uses the character “張”. The first edition does not have a publication date, but the second edition includes the inscription “Carved by the command of the Goryeo Daejangdogam in the year of Gapjin (1244)” (“甲辰歲(1244)高麗國大藏都監奉勅雕造”). Comparing the first and second editions of the Bulseolchilcheosamgwan-gyeong, there are 30 variations in text, 3 connected texts, 4 omitted texts, 29 instances of character reformatting, and 7 instances of missing strokes and damages, totaling 73 differences. For the Jabaham-gyeong, the comparison shows 41 variations in text, 2 connected texts, 4 omitted texts, 13 instances of character reformatting, and 7 instances of missing strokes and damages, totaling 67 differences. In terms of the relationship between the two scriptures, the last 27 sutras of the second edition of Jabaham-gyeong (K745) are almost identical to the version appended at the end of the first edition of Bulseolchilcheosamgwan-gyeong. This similarity appears only in the first edition, where the identical version is located at the end of the Bulseolchilcheosamgwan-gyeong. Additionally, among the 1-30 small sutras of the first edition of Bulseolchilcheosamgwan-gyeong, the 30th sutra, Bulseolchikgokyeong, corresponds to the 11th sutra of the second edition of Jabaham-gyeong(K745).

고려시대 관련 불교서지학의 최근 연구 성과와 활용

박광연(Park, Kwang-youn) 한국사학회 2018 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.132

이 글은 고려 건국 1100년을 기념하여 고려시대에 관한 학계의 연구성과를 점검하고자 하는 기획 의도 하에 작성되었다. 필자는 불교서지학에서의 고려시대에 대한 연구 성과를 소개하고 고려시대에 작성된 불교텍스트 자료들을 정리하는 역할을 수행하였다. 2002년 이후의 서지학 관련 학회지에 실린 논문들을 대상으로 하였다. 大藏經 · 敎藏에 대해서는 최근의 연구 방향을 간단히 설명하였고, 고려시대에 필사되고 간행된 腹藏典籍들을 종합하였다. 또한 대장경 · 교장 및 복장전적에 포함되지 않는 기타의 불교 텍스트들(단행불서, 의례집등)도 소개하였다. 한국의 고대 및 중세의 텍스트 자료 가운데 불교 텍스트들이 차지하는 비중이 높은 데 비하여 그 활용은 많지 않은 편이다. 앞으로 다양한 분야에서 고려시대를 연구하는 사람들이 복장전적 등의 불교 텍스트에 많은 관심을 가지기를 기대한다. This article was written with the intention of checking the academic achievements of the Goryeo period in commemoration of the 1100th year of Goryeo Kingdom. I introduced the results of research on the Goryeo period in Buddhist bibliography and organized the Buddhist texts written in the Goryeo period. There are many Buddhist texts in Korea’s ancient and medieval texts. This article introduces the Buddhist texts and research trends in the papers published in the bibliographical journal since 2002. First of all, I briefly explained the recent direction of research on Tripitaka Koreana(高麗大藏經) and Gyojang(敎藏). Next, I collected the Manuscripts and Printed Books stored in the Buddha Statue (腹藏典籍). Finally, I treated other Buddhist texts (rituals, etc.) that were not included in the Tripitaka Koreana and the Manuscripts and Printed Books stored in the Buddha Statue. In the future, I hope that those who study Goryeo period in various fields will be interested in the Buddhist texts such as the Manuscripts and Printed Books stored in the Buddha Statue.