Evaluation of Temperature and Humidity of a Thermo-Hygrostat of PET/CT Equipment using a Temperature and Humidity Sensor(BME 280)

류찬주(Chan-Ju Ryu),김정아(Jeong-A Kim),김준수(Jun-Su Kim),윤근영(Geun-Yeong Yun),허승희(Seung-Hui Heo),홍성종(Seong-Jong Hong) 한국방사선학회 2020 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.1

PET(Positron Emission Tomography)장치는 해부학적 정보를 얻기 위한 CT와 MRI의 장치를 PET 장치와 융합시킨 PET/CT나 PET/MRI 장치로 사용된다. 그렇기 때문에 일반 의료장비들과 비교하여 Gantry(촬영부 본체)의 길이가 늘어나고 내부의 공간이 넓어지는 원형(ring)타입의 구조로 제작된다. PET 장치의 구성요소 중 하나인 신틸레이터는 Gantry 안쪽에 위치하는데 온ㆍ습도 변화에 민감한 크리스탈 성분으로 되어있기 때문에 커다란 온도 변화로 인해 신틸레이터의 손상을 가져올 수 있다. 신틸레이터는 항온항습기로 PET장치가 설치되어 있는 공간에 온ㆍ습도를 유지하지만 이러한 PET 장치의 구조적 원인과 CT 장비에서 발생하는 열로 인한 Gantry 내부의 온ㆍ습도의 변화가 예상된다. 항온항습기를 가동하여 온ㆍ습도를 유지중인 PET/CT 장치의 Gantry 내부를 6개의 구역으로 나눈 후 각 구역에 Arduino 온ㆍ습도 센서인 Adafruit BME 280을 부착하여 출력 값을 분석했다. 각 6개 구역에서 센서를 이용해 측정한 평균 온·습도 값과 항온항습기의 평균 측정값을 비교하면 평균적으로 온도는 2.71℃ 상승, 습도는 21.5% 감소의 차이가 발생하였고, PET Gantry의 온·습도 측정값은 국내에서 지정한 정도 관리 범위에서 벗어나는 결과 값이 나왔다. 연구결과를 통해 앞으로 지속적인 온·습도의 변화를 가진다면 PET Gantry 안에 장착된 신틸레이터의 노후화가 예상되므로 Gantry구조 내부의 온ㆍ습도를 적절히 유지하는 방안을 모색해야 한다. PET(Positron Emission Tomography) devices are used as PET/CT or PET/MRI devices fused with the devices of CT or MRI for obtaining anatomical information. Therefore, the devices are constructed in circular ring-type structure whose length of gantry(the main part of filming) becomes wider and the interior depth becomes longer in comparison to other common medical equipments. scintillator, one of the components in PET devices, is inside the gantry, and as it is consisted of crystal which is sensitive to the change of temperature and humidity, large temperature change can cause the scintillator to be damaged. Though scintillator located inside the gantry maintains temperature and humidity with a thermo-hygrostat, changes in temperature and humidity are expected due to structural reasons. The output value was measured by dividing the inside of the gantry of the PET/CT device into six zones, each of which an Adafruit BME 280 temperature and humidity sensor was placed at. A thermo-hygrostat keeps the temperature and humidity constant in the PET/CT room. As the measured value of temperature and humidity of the sensor was obtained, the measured value of temperature and humidity appeared in the thermohygrostat was taken at the same time. Comparing the average measured values of temperature and humidity measured at each six zones with the average values of the thermo-hygrostat results in a difference of 2.71°C in temperature and 21.5% in humidity. The measured temperature and humidity of PET Gantry is out of domestic quality control range. According to the results of the study, if there is continuous change in temperature and humidity in the future, the aging of the scintillator mounted in the PET Gantry is expected to be aging, so it is necessary to find a way to properly maintain the temperature and humidity inside the Gantry structure.

Research on the Temperature & Humidity Monitoring System in the Key Areas of the Hospital Based on the Internet of Things

Benzhen Guo,Xiaojing Wang,Xiao Zhang,Jingjing Yang,Zhihui Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.7

This paper designs an internet of things-based temperature & humidity monitoring system in the key areas of the hospital to address the problem that the temperature and humidity monitoring systems are independent from each other in the hospital. The establishment of a hospital-level temperature and humidity monitoring platform is able to realize the integrated monitoring and management on such areas as ICU, pharmacy and operation room etc, where both of the temperature and humidity must be monitored. In every temperature and humidity acquisition node, the collected environmental data about the indoor humidity and temperature will be sent over the 433M wireless sensor network to the internet of things (IoT) gateway, through which data will be uploaded via wifi or the wired access network within the hospital to the background server, where in addition to data collection and analysis, various reports will be generated and control commands will be transferred. Then all of the medical staffs can make a real-time inquiry and control on the environmental data by connecting their intelligent terminals (such as cell phone) to the server. Actually when the humidistat thermostat controller is designed according to the DDC principle and the integral-separation PID control algorithm, the control on the central air-conditioning units is able to realize the real-time control of constant temperature and humidity. Also a prototype system has been established to conduct the functional verification. The experiment shows that this system is able to run steadily with precise data collection and reliable control.

냉방부하 추정을 위한 온도와 습도 예측에 관한 연구

유성연,이제묘,한규현,한승호 대한설비공학회 2007 설비공학 논문집 Vol.19 No.5

To estimate the cooling load for the following day, outdoor temperature and humidity are needed in hourly base. But the meteorological administration forecasts only maximum and minimum temperature. New methodology is proposed for predicting hourly outdoor temperature and humidity by using the forecasted maximum and minimum temperature. The correlations for normalized outdoor temperature and specific humidity has been derived from the weather data for five years from 2001 to 2005 at Seoul, Daejeon and Pusan. The correlations for normalized temperature are independent of date, while the correlations for specific humidity are linearly dependent on date. The predicted results show fairly good agreement with the measured data. The prediction program is also developed for hourly outdoor dry bulb temperature, specific humidity, dew point, relative humidity, enthalpy and specific volume.

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크를 이용한 실시간 온 · 습도 기록 및 모니터링 시스템 개발

천성심(Seong-Sim Cheon),김정자(Jung-Ja Kim),원용관(Yonggwan Won),Hai Trieu Pham 大韓電子工學會 2011 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.48 No.2

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(USN: Ubiquitos Sensor Network)는 우리 생활 전반적으로 다양하게 적용되고 있는 기술이다. 본 논문은 온도와 습도를 일정하게 유지해야 할 필요가 있는 공간을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 USN 기술 기반의 시스템에 대한 설계 및 이의 구현 사례를 소개한다. 본 시스템은 온 · 습도 센서가 내장된 다수의 센서 모듈을 이용하여 대상 공간에 무선 센서 네트워크를 구성하고, 각 모듈의 센서로부터 감지된 온 · 습도 정보를 실시간으로 수집하여 Database에 기록함과 동시에 사용자가 그래픽 인터페이스를 통해 대상 공간의 온 · 습도 현황을 Monitoring 할 수 있는 시스템이다. 또한, 각 온 · 습도 센서 모듈의 관리 대상 공간에 대하여 특정 온 · 습도 값을 지정하고 이 값과 일정 수준 이상의 오차가 발생하면 경고를 발생토록 한다. 본 논문에서 소개하는 시스템은 수동적이었던 기존의 데이터 수집 및 관리 방식을 자동화함으로서 보다 편리하고 효율적으로 대상 공간의 온 · 습도를 관리할 수 있으며, 저장된 데이터를 이용하여 온 · 습도로 인해 발생된 문제점에 대한 사후 분석 및 환경의 개선에 필요한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. Ubiquitos sensor network(USN) is a technology which is widely used in our life. This paper introduces an example of design and implementation for a system which is based on the USN technology and can provide an efficient management tool for a space that should be precisely controlled for a certain range of uniformity in temperature and humidity. This introduced system builds a wireless sensor network using a number of sensor modules that are equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, and collects temperature and humidity information in real-time while simultaneously providing a method for monitoring the status of temperature and humidity by the graphical user interface. Also, the system will give a warning signal if the monitored values are differ from the pre-specified values of temperature and humidity for each sensor module more than a certain amount of tolerance. This temperature and humidity logging and monitoring system can perform better management for the space easily and efficiently by automating the existing manual method for data collection and management. Furthermore, using the stored data, it can make possible to perform post-analysis on the problems caused by temperature and humidity and to obtain information for environmental enhancement for the space.

Monitoring the Comfort of Poultry Body by Infrared Thermography

( C. H. Tsou ),( T. T. Lin ),( C. C. Liu ),( K. W. Hsieh ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

At present, the environmental regulation of Taiwanese traditional poultry farm is based on the information collected by the ambient temperature and humidity sensor. However, this method is unable to know the situation of the poultry directly. The purpose of this study is to collect poultry body surface temperature information directly by the infrared thermal imager. The relationship between poultry body surface temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) is studied for estimating the actual feeling of poultry at different conditions. The Raspberry Pi, infrared thermal imaging sensor, environmental sensors were integrated for collecting the poultry body temperature and environmental information. The collected poultry infrared thermal images were divided into head, foot and wing different areas for the analysis. The environment temperature, humidity, air velocity and poultry surface temperature were continuous recorded for four weeks. The measured chicken’s surface temperature from infrared image sensor changes with the THI. The temperature change of the chicken’s foot is larger than the temperature of chicken’s head, and wing. The correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI, and temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI) were calculated. According to the results, the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI is higher than the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THVI. It shows that THI impacts on the poultry surface temperature. The poultry surface temperature can be detected by the infrared camera for poultry house environment control.

온도와 습도에 따른 건조사암의 전기비저항 특성

이태종,이상규 한국자원공학회 2014 한국자원공학회지 Vol.51 No.1

A laboratory electrical resistivity measurement system in controlled temperature and humidity condition has been set up. Using the system, resistivity of a dry sandstone has been measured in various temperature and humidity conditions. Electrical resistivity showed very strong dependance on the temperature and humidity, maximum 232 times difference when relative humidity and temperature are in the ranges of 45∼85% and 20∼40℃, respectively. Electrical resistivity decreases when temperature and/or humidity increase. Ten percent change of relative humidity gives stronger effects to electrical resistivity than 5℃ of temperature change. It needs more than 7 days for the sample to reach equilibrium condition with the temperature and humidity inside the chamber,so that an asymptotic equation has been suggested to estimate the resistivity in equilibrium. The estimated resistivity showed clearer negative dependance on both temperature and humidity. Especially, it shows very clear negative linear dependancy between resistivity and relative humidity in log-linear scale. 항온 ・항습 환경에서 건조한 암석 시료의 전기비저항을 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하였다. 이를 이용하여 수포화 하지 않은 건조한 사암 시편을 이용해서 온도와 습도를 달리하며 전기비저항을 산출하고 온도 및 습도에 따른 건조사암의 전기비저항 특성을 고찰하였다. 상대습도가 45∼85% 범위, 온도가 20∼40℃ 범위에서 전기비저항을 10시간 측정할 때 측정되는 전기비저항은 온도와 습도에 크게 좌우되어 최대 232배의 차이를 보였다. 온도와 습도가 높아짐에 따라 전기비저항은 낮아지는 반비례관계를 보이며, 동일한 온도일 때에 습도가 10% 씩 변화하는 경우가 동일한 습도일 때에 온도가 5℃ 씩 변화하는 경우보다 더 강하게 영향을 받는다. 많은 경우에 시편 내부의 온 ・습도가 항온 ・항습기 내부의 설정 온 ・습도와 평형을 이루기 위해서는 7일 이상의 시간이 소요되어 적절한 점근식을 제안하였다. 이를 통해 추정한 평형상태의 전기비저항은 온도와 습도와 더욱 뚜렷한 반비례 관계를 보이며, 특히 습도와 전기비저항의 log값은 선형적 반비례 관계를 보인다.

온도 및 습도 노출에 따른 안경렌즈의 표면 및 특성 변화

황소담,강지애,허수연,박미정,김소라 한국안광학회 2022 한국안광학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of changes in temperature and humidity on the stability of ophthalmic lenses. Methods: Combining temperatures of 35oC and 80oC, and relative humidity of 30% and 85% under four conditions, ophthalmic lenses of −1.00, −5.00, and −8.00 D with high refractive index (n=1.60) were exposed for 24, 72, and 120 h and the changes in parameters and coating films were compared. Results: Lenses exposed to a low temperature (35oC) exhibited no change of surfaces and characteristics regardless of humidity; however, lenses exposed to a high temperature (80oC) exhibited changes in spherical and cylindrical refractive powers, a decrease in contact angle by up to approximately 5%, a decrease in adherence grade, and deeper and larger surface cracks appearing from the center to the periphery. These changes were larger with an increase in exposure time, and a greater change was observed under high humidity conditions compared to that under low humidity. Meanwhile, under the same conditions of temperature and humidity, the degree of changes in ophthalmic lenses according to the refractive power was larger at −5.00 D and −8.00 D compared to −1.00 D. Conclusions: High- or low humidity had a greater influence on the coating film and characteristics under a high-temperature environment. Thus, if an ophthalmic lens is exposed to a high temperature and humidity environment for prolonged periods, stability may not be guaranteed even if the replacement cycle recommended by the manufacturer is followed; therefore, considering these conditions and inspecting the ophthalmic lenses may be suggested. 목적: 본 연구에서는 온도와 습도 변화가 안경렌즈의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 온도 35oC 와 80oC와, 상대습도 30%와 85%를 조합한 4가지 조건 하에 –1.00, -5.00 및 –8.00 D의 고굴절률(n=1.60) 안경렌즈를 24시간, 72시간 및 120시간 동안 노출시킨 후 파라미터 및 코팅막의 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 낮은 온도인 35oC 와에 노출시킨 렌즈는 습도에 관계없이 표면 및 특성의 변화가 없었으나, 높은 온도인 80oC와의 조건에 노출시킨 렌즈들은 구면 및 난시 굴절력 변화, 최대 약 5%의 접촉각 감소 및 부착력 등급 감소가 나타났으며, 중심부에서 주 변부로 갈수록 더 깊고 큰 표면 균열이 나타남을 확인하였다. 이러한 변화는 노출시간의 증가에 따라 커졌으며, 높 은 습도 조건일 때 낮은 습도 대비 더 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 한편 동일한 온도 및 습도 조건 하에서 굴절력에 따 른 안경렌즈의 변화 정도를 비교한 결과, –5.00 D와 –8.00 D에서 −1.00 D 대비 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 결론: 본 연구결과, 고온 환경에서는 습도의 고저가 안경렌즈의 코팅막 및 특성에 더 크게 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 따라 서 안경렌즈가 장시간 고온 다습한 환경에 노출된다면 제조사에서 권장하는 교체주기로는 안정성이 보장되지 않을 수 있으므로 이를 고려한 안경렌즈 사용 및 점검의 필요성을 제안할 수 있다.

냉방부하에 영향을 미치는 외기 환경조건의 상관관계에 관한 연구

이제묘(Je-Myo Lee) 대한설비공학회 2012 설비공학 논문집 Vol.24 No.11

To estimate the cooling load for the following day, outdoor temperature and humidity are needed in hourly base. But the meteorological administration forecasts only maximum and minimum temperature. New methodology is proposed for predicting hourly outdoor temperature and humidity by using the forecasted maximum and minimum temperature. The correlations for normalized outdoor temperature and specific humidity has been derived from the weather data for five years at Seoul, Daejeon and Pusan. The correlations for normalized temperature are independent of date, while the correlations for specific humidity are linearly dependent on date. The predicted results show fairly good agreement with the measured data. The prediction program is also developed for hourly outdoor dry bulb temperature, specific humidity, dew point, relative humidity, enthalpy and specific volume.

일기 변화가 도시공원내의 기상환경에 미치는 영향

박선영 ( Sun Young Park ),윤용한 ( Yong Han Yoon ),류을열 ( Eul Ryul Ryu ),김원태 ( Won Tae Kim ),박봉주 ( Bong Ju Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2008 녹지환경학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study compared and examined the effect that meteorological environment is influenced by weather change about various urban parks on the land coverage status and planting stratification. As a result, high temperature areas were found around paced surface. On the other hand, around forest plantation, areas of the low temperature was found. However, even in forest plantation, the temperature was different one another depending on its planting stratification. Especially, the area covered with arbor and sub-arbor showed relatively low temperature. and in a relationship between air temperature and humidity, humidity was correspond to the distribution of air temperature, low wet areas in the high temperature zone and high wet areas in the low temperature zone. In a range of the temperature exchange of a day in the urban park, it has a tendency that the fewer cloud amount has the bigger diurnal temperature range. Also, we found that increasing trees is the effective way in terms of lowing temperature. And, as it was arbor which influenced on lowing temperature the most and sub-arbor was the next, it became obvious that tall trees are the main source of coldness. In the point of view of weather change, this empirical result has higher efficiency in temperature decrease in order to fine weather, partly cloudy weather, and cloudy weather.

기상조건 및 온습도지수가 젖소의 유질에 미치는 영향

양인정,한광우,윤호백,이준희,이원재,전상곤,김진욱 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.6

Increasing in ambient temperature by global warming is likely to reduce milk yields and negatively affect milk quality in dairy cows. The projected increase in temperature would impact on dairy industry since production costs would increase with reductions in milk production. In Korea, dairy farmers are paid according to the composition of the raw milk components (milk fat concentrations, somatic cell counts and bacteria cell counts). In this study, to assess changes of milk quality caused by ambient temperature and relative humidity in the southern part of Korea (Gyeongbuk province), the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated on the base of the equation suggested by Schoen's model. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to determine the effects of the temperature, relative humidity and THI on milk quality. Increased temperature and THI significantly reduced milk fat concentrations from 4.0-4.1% during the winter to 3.6-3.7% during the summer. Occurrence ratio of the 1st grade somatic cell counts (1st SCC) was lower during April to September compared to that of annual average. The THI was negatively correlated to milk fat concentrations (r=-0.8914) and 1st SCC (r=-0.6067) in the overall Gyeongbuk region. There were significant effects of the temperature and THI on milk fat concentrations and 1st SCC. Whereas occurrence ratio of 1A bacteria cell counts (1A BC) had no correlation with the temperature, relative humidity and THI. To make predictions for milk fat concentrations and 1st SCC, the regression model was developed to fit data. Overall, these results suggest that the THI is a useful and easy way to assess the risks of heat stress and is a candidate parameter to predict milk quality. 지구 온난화에 따른 외기온도의 지속적인 상승은 젖소의 유질저하를 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재 우리나라에서는 원유의 유지방함량, 체세포수 및 세균수를 기준으로 유대가격을 산정하고 있어 궁극적으로 여름철 온도의 상승은 젖소농가의 수익성에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 경북지역을 중심으로 외기온도와 상대습도을 조사하고 외기온도와 상대습도에 따른 온습도지수 (THI)를 도출하여 유질에 미치는 영향을 상관관계와 회귀분석 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 유지방 함량은 겨울철 4.0-4.1%에서 여름철로 접어들면서 3.6-3.7%로 저하하였고 동시에 온도와 THI가 상승하였다. 체세포수 1등급 출현율은 4-9월이 다른 달에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. THI는 유지방 함량과는 r=-0.8914, 체세포수 1등급 출현율과는 r=-0.6067의 상관관계를 보였으나, 세균수 1등급 출현율과는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계을 보이지 않았다. THI에 따른 유지방함량 및 체세포수 1등급 출현율을 예측할 수 있는 공식을 단순회귀분석법을 이용하여 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과을 종합하면, 온도 및 상대습도를 이용하여 도출한 THI는 젖소의 고온스트레스를 분석하는 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.