중년여성의 갱년기 자각증상 정도에 따른 피부관리실 이용 선호도 분석

한영옥,오윤경 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study aims to understand the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms of middle-aged women and also differences in the use preference of skincare shop in accordance with the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. This study collected data through a survey targeting the middle-aged women in their 40s-60s who had experiences in the use of skincare shop in Gyeongnam region, and then used total 300 questionnaires for the analysis. As the research results, The degree of menopausal subjective symptoms was total 2.73 of five-point scale while the symptoms like dry skin or hair and dry eyes showed high points. And in the results of verifying the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms and the use preference of skincare shop, Even though many middle-aged women preferred the facial care(49.3%), the women who preferred the pelvic care(M=3.01) showed the highest degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though the foot bath(30.3%) was the most preferred skincare service, the women who preferred the hip steam bath(M=2.99) showed the high degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though the quiet and calm personality(52.0%) was the most preferred personality of staffs, the women who preferred the intellectual tendency(M=3.00) showed the highest degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though many of them preferred the comfortable atmosphere(69.7%) of skincare shop, the women who preferred the luxurious atmosphere(M=3.04) showed the highest degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. This study aims to understand the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms of middle-aged women and also differences in the use preference of skincare shop in accordance with the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. This study collected data through a survey targeting the middle-aged women in their 40s-60s who had experiences in the use of skincare shop in Gyeongnam region, and then used total 300 questionnaires for the analysis. As the research results, The degree of menopausal subjective symptoms was total 2.73 of five-point scale while the symptoms like dry skin or hair and dry eyes showed high points. And in the results of verifying the degree of menopausal subjective symptoms and the use preference of skincare shop, Even though many middle-aged women preferred the facial care(49.3%), the women who preferred the pelvic care(M=3.01) showed the highest degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though the foot bath(30.3%) was the most preferred skincare service, the women who preferred the hip steam bath(M=2.99) showed the high degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though the quiet and calm personality(52.0%) was the most preferred personality of staffs, the women who preferred the intellectual tendency(M=3.00) showed the highest degree of menopausal subjective symptoms. Even though many of them preferred the comfortable atmosphere(69.7%) of skincare shop, the women who preferred

정신분열증 환자에서 주관적 음성증상경험의 임상적 의의

김지웅,김찬형,구민성,손석한,박진철,최문종,이은철,윤도준,이홍식 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 현재까지 정신분열증의 음성증상평가는 주로 객관적인 평가에만 의존해왔기 때문에, 환자들이 주관적으로 직접 경험하는 음성증상의 평가는 경시된 경향이 있었다. 그러나 실제 많은 정신분열증 환자들은 음성증상을 자가하고 있다. 특히, 개관적인 양성 및 음성증상이 관찰되지 않는 경우에도 환자 본인은 음성증상으로 괴로워한다는 이전의 연구보고들이 있었다. 따라서 저자들은 주관적인 음성증상경험과 개관적인 양성증상 및 음성 증상, 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상과의 상관성을 알아봄으로써 정신분열증의 정신병리에 있어 주관적 음성증상의 존재를 규명하고, 정신분열증 정신병리의 발생기전을 유추해보며 이차적 음성증상과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며. 이러한 연구가 정신분열증 정신병리를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 환자를 공감적으로 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준의 정신분열증 진단기준에 해당하는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 주관적인 음성증상의 평가를 위해서 Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS)을 이용하였고, 개관적인 정신분열증 정신병리의 평가는 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PNASS)를 이용하였다. 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상의 평가를 위해서 각각 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS)을 이용하였다. 각 정신병리척도 점수간의 상관성은 Spearman 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 양성척도점수 사이에는 유의한 상관점이 있었으며 (r=-0.40, p〈0.05), 양성증상 중에서도 특히 과대성(r=-0.46, p〈0.05), 의심/피해(r=-0.34, p〈0.05), 적개심(r=-0.52, p〈0.05) 등의 증상과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. K-SENS 24 항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 전체점수(r=-0.25, p〉0.05), PANSS 음성척도점수(r=-0.20, p〉0.05), PANSS 일반정신병리척도(r=-0.08, p〉0.05),와는 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 HAM-D 점수(r=-0.01, p〉0.05), HAM-A 점수(r=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS 총점(r=0.34, p〉0.05)은 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과에서, 정신분열증 환자들이 불편한 것으로 경험하는 주관적 음성증상과 과대성, 의심/피해, 적개심 같은 양성증상은 역상관관계가 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 양성증상이 주관적으로 불편하게 느끼는 음성증상에 대한 가능성과, 혹은 양성증상이 심할 경우, 이에 압도되어 음성증상을 주관적으로 느끼지 못할 수 있다는 가능성이 시사되었으며, 향후 종적인 연구를 통해 이를 규명해 볼 필요성이 제시되었다. 주관적인 음성증상경험과 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로 증상과는 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타나서 이들 증상과는 독립적인 증상임을 시사한다. Objective : Since the evaluation of negative symptoms has depended on the clinician's objective observation, the patients subjective experience of negative symptoms has been neglected. However, in fact, a lot of patients are aware of their negative symptoms. There are several reported suggesting that patients suffer from the subjective experiences of their deficit symptoms, even though the objective positive and negative symptoms cannot be observed. Under these circumstances, we have attempted this study with the idea that it would be helpful in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Also it would help clarifying the relationship between subjective experience of negative symptoms and objectives positive and negative symptoms, depression anxiety symptoms, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : All the 37 patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅵ for schizophrenia. The subjective experiences of negative symptoms were evaluated using Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS), and for the depression, anxiety, extrapyramidal symptoms, we used Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS). The correlation between each psychopathology was tested by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Results : There was a significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and the score of PANSS positive subscale(γ=-0.40, p〈0.05), Among the positive symptoms, grandiosity(γ=-0.46, p〈0.05), suspiciousnes/persecution(γ=-0.34, p〈0.05), and hostility(γ=-0.52, p〈0.05) showed a significant correlation with the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS. There was no significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and PANSS total score(γ=-0.25, p〉0.05), or negative subscale score(γ=-0.20, p〉0.05), or general psychology subscale score(γ=-0.08, p〉0.05), respectively. There was no significant correlation between ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and HAM-D(γ=-0.01, p〉0.05), or HAM-A(γ=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS(γ=0.34, p〉0.05), respectively. Conclusion : These revealed that the negative correlation between the subjective negative symptoms experienced as an uncomfortable ones and the objective symptoms such as grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. From these results, the possibility that positive symptoms are used as a defense to hide from the negative symptoms because they are overwhelmed by their positive symptoms, is suggested. These results also suggest that subjective experiences of negative symptoms are independent from depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms.

주관적 치주증상과 구강관리, 구강보건행동과 영향관계

유수빈,정해림,김혜진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.12

The Purpose of this paper was to investigate the factors influencing subjective oral health indicators. The questionnaires were administered to 215 dental clinic outpatients from march 21 to september 20, 2014 for 6 months. Subjective periodontal status of the patient was investigated, independent variables are general characteristic, oral management behavior, subjective periodontal symptoms and dependent variable was subjective periodontal symptoms. The subjective symptoms of periodontal were composed of 9 items, oral management behavior and subjective periodontal symptoms were analyzed by crossover analysis. Also, the factors affecting subjective periodontal symptoms were analyzed by simple linear regression analysis. As a result, it was found that the experience of dental examination within 1year and subjective periodontal health consiousness had negative effects. Keywords : Subjective periodontal symptoms, oral management behavior, periodontal health, Subjective periodontal health consiousness 본 연구는 주관적 구강건강지표에 구강건강관리행위 및 치주건강인식도가 영향을 미치는지 검증하기 위하여 2014년 3월 21일부터 9월 20일까지 6개월간 경기도 용인시 수지구 소재 1개소 치과의원 외래환자 215명을 대상으로 설문지조사를 통하여 환자 본인이 느끼는 주관적 치주상태를 확인하였다. 연구의 독립변수는 일반적인 사항, 구강건강행위, 치주건강에 대한 주관적 인식이며, 주관적 치주증상이 종속변수이다. 각각의 독립변수에 대한 빈도분석을 실시하였으며, 종속변수인 환자가 느끼는 주관적 치주증상은 총 9개의 문항으로 구성하여 빈도분석 하였다. 독립변수인 구강건강관리 습관 및 주관적 치주건강인식과 종속변수인 주관적 치주증상을 교차분석 하였다. 또한 주관적 치주증상에 영향을 미치는 요인을 단순선형회귀분석으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과 1년 이내 치과검진경험과 주관적 치주건강상태가 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 1년 이내 치과 방문 경험이 없는 경우보다 있는 경우 주관적 치주증상은 낮아질 것으로 예측하였다.

일부 치과위생사의 주관적 근무환경과 부위별 통증 자각증상

김한슬,곽정숙,홍진석 대한치과위생학회 2016 대한치과위생학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is to understand relations between dental hygienists’ subjective work environment and subjective pain symptoms in different regions and improve the environment of their treatment room and help them reduce pain in different areas. The subjects of this study are 250 dental hygienists. Data were collected from March until April, 2015 through a survey with self-administered questionnaire sheets, and the results of analysis are as written below. 1. Concerning the subjects’ general characteristics, 98.4% were females. About their age, 64.0% were ‘from 20 to 29’, and about years of service, ‘many years of service (over 6 years)’ formed 4.08%. About types of hospitals they worked for, ‘dental clinic’ formed the most as 7.08%, and about the department they worked for, ‘operative and prosthetic dentistry’ formed the biggest part as 30.4%. 2. About the subjects’ subjective health conditions, ‘I am healthy’ formed the biggest part as 39.6%, and about the areas of subjective pain, pain was felt the most in their neck as 19.4%, shoulders as 19.0%, waist as 17.5%, and legs as 16.3% in order. About ways to prevent or cure pain, ‘resting’ formed 33.2% and ‘no experience of being treated’ formed 21.6%, and about the degree of resting while working, ‘I rest sometimes’ formed 62.0%. 3. Regarding their subjective work environment, ‘physical environment’ received a low point as 2.89±0.51. About detailed items, they regarded their physical environment to be not very favorable giving low points to ‘There is little noise.’, ‘The treatment room is quite well equipped with ventilation facilities (windows or ventilators).’, and ‘An extra chair is equipped to each of the chair on the treatment room.’ in order. 4. Concerning their subjective pain symptoms in different regions, muscle symptoms received the lowest point as 2.40±0.78. About detailed items, ‘My shoulders are painful or uncomfortable.’ gained 2.20±0.92 points, and ‘My lower limbs (legs, knees, or feet) are painful or uncomfortable.’ received 2.37±1.00 points, and ‘My lumbar region (waist or back) is painful or uncomfortable.’ gained a low point as 2.38±0.97. 5. Regarding their subjective work environment and subjective pain symptoms in relation to general characteristics, there was no significant difference by years of service. About types of hospitals they worked for, dental clinics gained low points in ‘physical environment’, ‘the job system and environment’, and ‘muscle symptoms’, which indicated significant difference (p<0.05). About the degree of resting while working, ‘I hardly rest.’ was found to be low in ‘job environment and duties’, ‘skin symptoms’, ‘muscle symptoms’, and ‘psychological symptoms’, which indicated significant difference (p<0.05).

경남소재 일개조선소 근로자의 건강이상소견과 아르곤 용접과의 관련성

최우호 ( Woo Ho Choi ),진성미 ( Seong Mi Jin ),권덕헌 ( Deok Heon Kweon ),김장락 ( Jang Rak Kim ),강윤식 ( Yune Sik Kang ),정백근 ( Baek Geum Jeong ),박기수 ( Ki Soo Park ),황영실 ( Young Sil Hwang ),홍대용 ( Dae Yong Hong ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the association between subjective distress symptoms and argon welding among workers in Gyeongnam Province shipyard. Method: 31 argon and 29 non-argon welding workers were selected as study subjects in order to measure concentrations of personal dust, welding fumes and other hazardous materials such as ZnO, Pb, Cr, FeO, MnO, Cu, Ni, TiO2, MgO, NO, NO2, O3, O2, CO2, CO and Ar. An interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was also performed on the same subjects. The items queried were as follows: age, height, weight, working duration, welding time, welding rod amounts used, drinking, smoking, and rate of subjective distress symptoms including headache and other symptoms such as fever, vomiting and nausea, metal fume fever, dizziness, tingling sensations, difficulty in breathing, memory loss, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, hearing loss, hand tremors, visual impairment, neural abnormality, allergic reaction, runny nose and stuffiness, rhinitis, and suffocation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 18. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. An χ2-test and a normality test using a Shapiro wilk test were performed for the above variables. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify the factors that affect the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Result: An association was shown between welding type (argon or non-argon welding) and the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Among the rate of complaining of subjective distress symptoms, vomiting and nausea, difficulty breathing, and allergic reactions were all significantly higher in the argon welding group. Only the concentration of dust and welding fumes was shown to be distributed normally after natural log transformation. According to logistic regression analysis, the correlations of working duration and welding type (argon or non-argon) between the total score of subjective distress symptoms were found to be statistically significant (p=0.041, p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that argon welding could cause subjective distress symptoms in shipyard workers.

Relationship between improvements of subjective well‐being and depressive symptoms during acute treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics

Kim, J.‐,H.,Ann, J.‐,H.,Kim, M.‐,J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics Vol.36 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>What is known and Objective: </B> It has been suggested that atypical antipsychotics may exert beneficial effects on subjective well‐being as well as depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between the two remains to be clarified. The authors examined the relationship between subjective well‐being and depressive symptoms across the course of acute treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> Thirty‐five inpatients with schizophrenia were examined for subjective well‐being, psychopathology, and extrapyramidal side effects before and 8 weeks after the initiation of new treatment with atypical antipsychotics.</P><P><B>Results and Discussion: </B> Significant improvement was observed in subjective well‐being, psychotic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. No change was observed in the severity of extrapyramidal side effect. The subjective well‐being score had significant negative correlations with depressive symptom score both at baseline and at week 8. The mean change in subjective well‐being score was significantly correlated with that in depressive symptom score. The severity of depressive symptoms at baseline was significantly correlated with the subsequent change in subjective well‐being score and the change in depressive symptom score was the only predictor of change in subjective well‐being score.</P><P><B>What is new and Conclusion: </B> Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subjective well‐being in patients with schizophrenia and may moderate the acute effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment on subjective well‐being. Further investigations are necessary to fully define the place of depressive symptoms in the conceptualization of subjective well‐being in schizophrenia and the optimal use of atypical antipsychotics.</P>

한센환자의 변색안경 착용 전·후에 따른 자각증상의 개선효과

이정임,이규병 대한시과학회 2015 대한시과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

목 적: 한센환자에게 변색안경 착용 전, 후의 자각증상에 따른 차이를 비교하고, 변색안경으로 인한 눈물과 눈부심의 증상이 완화되었는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 원주에 거주하고 있는 한센환자 29명(남자 9명(31%), 여자 20명(69%), 평균연령 74.86±5.86세)을 대상으로 자각증상을 설문으로 조사하였으며 시력검사와 안경처방검사를 병행하였다. 대상자들의 최초 상태를 검사한 후 변색안경 착용 2개월 후(23명)에 2차 문진을 통해 자각증상의 변화를 확인하였다. 결 과: 대상자 58안의 나안시력은 0.29±0.18이었고 교정시력은 0.44±0.21이었으며 교정효과는 22.58± 18.05%이었다. 자각증상으로 눈부심(26명), 침침함(25명), 눈의 피로(18명), 눈물(17명), 등으로 나타났으며 변색렌즈를 착용 후 자각증상의 순서는 문제없음(21명), 침침함(1명) 이물감(1명), 눈의 피로(1명)로 나타났다. 안경 착용 전 눈물흘림은 실내에서 무증상 10명, 경함 9명 중등도 9명, 심함 1명이었으며 실외에서는 무증상 10명, 경함 6명, 중등도 11명, 심함 2명이었다. 눈부심은 실내에서 무증상 5명, 경함 18명, 중등도 4명, 심함 2명으로 실외에서 무증상 5명, 경함 16명, 중등도 4명, 심함 4명이었다. 변색안경 착용 후 눈물흘림과 눈부심의 증상을 살펴본 결과 눈물은 실내에서 무증상 19명, 경함 4명이었다. 실외에서 무증상 20명, 경함 2명, 중등도 1명이었다. 눈부심은 실내에서는 전원 무증상 23명이었으며 실외에서는 무증상 22명, 경함 1명이었다. 눈의 피로는 무증상 22명, 경함 1명으로 호전되었다. 결 론: 한센환자에게 변색안경의 착용전후 자각증상의 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 따라서 변색안경은 자각증상을 완화하는 효과가 있으며 특히 눈물흘림과 눈부심 증상이 호전되었다. 눈물과 눈부심이 있는 한센 환자에게 변색안경의 착용은 자각증상을 개선시켜주는데 상당히 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: this study is compared to before and after subjective symptoms to wear change color glasses to the Hansen patients. we evaluate to get better the symptoms of tears and glare caused by change color glasses Method: Hansen, 29 patients in Wonju (9 males, 20 females, mean age 74.86±5.86 years) were examined for symptoms to target in question was a vision exams and glasses prescription. After checking the state of the first person wearing glasses discoloration after 2 months was found a change in the secondary symptoms through a questionnaire(23 patients). Result: Uncorrected visual acuity was 0.29±0.18 in 58 eyes, corrected visual acuity was 0.44±0.21, effect of visual acuity correction(EVAC) is 22.58±18.05%. First subjective symptoms was found to dazzling (26), Dim (25), eyestrain (18), tears (17), after wear change color glasses is no problem (21), Dim (1) foreign body (1), eyestrain(1). Before wear glasses, tears is no symptoms(10), mild(9), moderate(9), severe(1) in the indoor and no symptoms(10), mild(6), moderate(11), severe(2) in the outdoor. Glare is no symptoms(5) mild(18) moderate(4), severe (2) in the indoor and no symptoms(5) mild(16) moderate(4), severe (4) in the outdoors. Result of examining the signs of wear change color glasses and tear and glare, tears is no symptoms(19), mild(4) in room, it was no symptoms(20), mild(2), moderate(1) in the outdoor. weared change color glasses glare was no symptoms(23) in the room. it was no symptoms(22), mild(1) in the out door. Conclusion: Subjective symptoms of before and after wearing change color glasses to hansen patients was different significantly. Therefore, discoloration glasses is effective for the treatment of subjective symptoms. tears and glare became to eased to symptoms by change color glasses. Tears and glare with Hansen patients can be seen very effective to evaluates subjective symptoms.

근업시 자각증상과 양안시 기능의 관계

신진아,이옥진 한국안광학회 2007 한국안광학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between subjective symptoms and binocular function during near work in forty one(12-17yr) schoolchildren. CISS symptom survey, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, neagative relative accommodation(NRA)/positive relative accommodation(PRA) near point of convergence(NPC), heterophoria, AC/A ratios were measured. The results of measurement were compared with normal expected value of each test and classified into normal and abnormal group. Accommodative insufficiency was more general than convergence insufficiency and esophoria was greater than exophoria. NRA/PRA showed very high and AC/A ratios were very low compare with normal expected value. The results of CISS was as follows; most frequent symptom was tired, mean score was 16.637.49, mean number of symptoms were 10.073.04, and mean number of serious symptoms were 1.982.13. After classified into 4 groups according to score of symptoms, number of symptoms, and degree of symptoms and then analyze the correlation compare with binocular vision test results. NRA was most correlated with group comparison, accommodative facility was most correlated with score of symptoms, NRA was most correlated with number of symptoms, and near horizontal phorias were most correlated with serious symptoms. NRA showed most correlative relation with near symptoms. 이 논문은 중고등학생 41명(12-17세)의 근업시 자각 증상과 양안시 기능의 관계를 알아보고자 한 연구이다. CISS 설문 평가, 조절력검사, 조절 용이성검사, Negative relative accommodation(NRA)/Positive relative accommodation (PRA), 폭주 근점(NPC)검사, 사위검사, 그리고 AC/A(A, accommodation; C, convergence) 비를 측정하였다. 이들 검 사의 결과는 정상 기댓값과 비교하여 정상 군과 이상 군으로 분류하였다. 폭주 부족보다는 조절 부족이 더 많았고 외사위보다는 내사위가 많았다. NRA/PRA는 높게 나타났고 AC/A 비는 낮게 나타났다. CISS 검사 결과는 다음과 같다; 근업시 가장 흔한 증상은 피로감이었고, 전체 증상의 점수에 대한 평균은 16.637.49이었고, 평균적인 증상의 수는 10.073.04이었고 중증 증상 수의 평균은 1.982.13이었다. 증상의 점수, 증상의 수, 증상의 심한 정도에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 분류한 후 양안시 검사의 결과와 비교하여 상관성을 분석하였다. 그룹과의 상관성은 NRA가 가장 높게 나타났고 증상의 점수는 조절 용이성, 증상의 수는 NRA, 그리고 중증 증상의 수는 근거리 사위 량이 가장 높게 나타났다. NRA는 근업 증상과 관련하여 모든 부분에서 가장 상관성이 높은 것을 보여주었다.

교대주기가 다른 두 유리제조업체 3교대 근무자들의 자각증상 비교

정영연,최광서,우극현,한구웅,Jung, Young-Yeon,Choi, Gwang-Seo,Woo, Kuck Hyeun,Han, Gu-Wung 대한예방의학회 1992 예방의학회지 Vol.25 No.4

교대근무자들이 호소하는 생체리듬의 부조화로 인한 일련의 증상들은 개인특성, 작업환경, 교대형태의 영향을 많이 받는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개인특성과 작업환경의 영향을 고려하여 교대주기에 따른 근로자들의 자각증상의 차이를 보고자, 작업환경이 같고 교대주기에 있어 2일, 7일인 두 회사의 3교대근로자 182명과 86명을 대상으로 개인 특성 및 자각증상을 설문조사하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수면장해증상 6문항 중 '근무 중 피로감을 느낀다', '예민하다'의 두 항목에서 7일주기의 교대근무자에서 증상호소의 빈도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.05), 점수화하여 두 군간의 평균을 비교한 결과 7일주기인 군에서 증상점수가 높았다(P<0.01). 2. 1일 평균 6시간의 수면을 기준으로 할 때, 수면시간에 있어서는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 2일주기인 군에서는 수면시간이 증가함에 따라 장해증상에 현저히 줄었으나 (P<0.05), 7일주기인 군에서는 수면시간에 따른 장해증상의 차이가 없었다. 3. 소화기장해증상 10문항에서는, 7일주기인 군에서 '자주 그렇다'고 호소하는 빈도가 높았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었으며, 점수화하여 두 군간의 평균을 비교한 결과 역시 7일 주기인 군이 평균점수가 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 4. 피로자각증상은 육체적, 정신적 피로 호소율이 7일주기의 교대근무자들에게 현저히 높았으며(P<0.01), 신경감각적 피로 역시 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 5. 공분산분석 (ANCOVA)을 통해 개인특성의 영향을 고려한 결과, 교대주기에 파라 수면장해 증상, 육체적, 정신적 피로에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼때, 2일주기의 교대근무자들보다 7일주기 교대근무자들이 피로와 수면장해증상 호소가 더 많았다. 따라서 향후 자각증상 뿐 아니라 객관적인 검사를 병행하여 현재 가장 많이 시행되고 있는 7일주기의 교대제에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Some circadian rhythms can become disorgnized due to rotating shift work. This lack of organization, termed desynchronization, can produce a group of symptoms such as insomnia, GI disturbance and fatigue among many rotating shift workers. The magnitude of these symptoms are influenced by personal and environmental factors and the patterns of shift work. This study was carried out to investigate the subjective symptoms related to rotational schedules of shift work after personal and environmental factors adjusted. 182 male workers in rapidly rotating shift system and 86 male workers in weekly rotating shift system were conducted the questionnaire on personal factors and subjective sleep, GI and fatigue symptoms. Major findings obtained from this study are as follows: 1. The symptoms of 'feeling tired at work' and 'being irritable' were more frequent in weekly rotating shift workers (P<0.05), and the mean of symptom score was significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.01). 2. According to 6 hours of sleeping which is a definite elevation point of fatigue, there was not a significant difference between two groups in sleeping hours. Among workers in rapidly rotating shift system, the mean of symptom score was significatly higher in workers of less than 6 hours of sleeping(P<0.05), but it was not different among weekly rotating shift workers. 3. The symptoms of GI disturbance were more frequent in weekly rotating shift workers but statistically not significant. 4. The positive rate of mental and physical fatigue symptoms were significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.01) and mental and physical fatigue symptoms were more frequent in them (P<0.01). 5. After the effect of the factors that were significantly different between two groups by $X^2-test$ were controlled, the mean score of sleep disturbance was significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers (P<0.01) and mental physical fatigue symptoms were more frequent in them (P<0.01). Based on these study results, subjective symptoms were more common in the weekly rotating shift workers. In future, medical examination and laboratory test will be also administered to evaluate a more accurate health outcomes and the review of current shift schedules will be required.

일부 중․고등학교 교사의 근골격계 불편증상 관련요인

이재윤(Lee, Jae-Yoon),문병연(Moon, Byeong-Yeon),정연홍(Jeong, Youn-Hong),우현경(Woo, Hyun-Kyung) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

중․고등학교 교사의 근골격계 불편증상과 관련 요인을 알아보기 위해 2010년 10월 1일부터 10월 15일까지 250명의 교사들을 대상으로 근골격계 불편증상 설문조사를 실시하고, 231명(남자 68명, 여자 163명)의 결과를 신체 각 부위별로 통계분석 하였다. 근골격계 불편증상의 관련요인으로 특히 주관적 건강상태가 높은 연관성을 보였고(OR 11.75, 95% CI, 3.56-38.78), 그 외 근무학교유형, 40세 이상, 2시간 이상의 가사노동시간, 8시간 이상의 VDT작업시간, 휴식여부가 유의한 상관성이 있는 요인들로 분석되었다. NIOSH 기준에 의한 근골격계 불편증상 호소율은 36.8%였고, 각 부위별 불편증상 호소부위와 빈도는 목 60명(26.0%), 어깨 70명(30.0%), 팔/팔꿈치 16명(6.9%), 손/손가락 31명 (13.4%), 허리 35명(15.2%), 다리/발 17명(7.4%)으로 목과 어깨의 발생빈도가 높았다. 목 부위는 주관적 건강상태와 휴 식유무, 어깨부위는 주관적 건강상태와 성별, 손/손가락 부위는 연령, 허리부위는 주관적 건강상태와 연령, 다리부위 는 주관적 건강상태와 연령, VDT작업시간이 관련성 있는 요인들로 분석되었다. 사무직근로자에서 근골격계 질환은 간단한 스트레칭만으로도 예방 가능하다. 신체 각 부위별로 간단하고 적절한 운동을 통해 자신의 건강상태를 유지하 고 올바른 작업 자세와 작업요건을 갖추고 작업시간 중간에 충분한 휴식시간을 가짐으로써 직무로 인한 근골격계의 과도한 긴장과 불편감 발생을 낮추기 위한 스스로의 노력이 필요하다. This cross-sectional study was investigated musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms and related factors on some middle․high school teachers. Self-questionnaire of KOSHA CODE H-30-2003 was done with 250 teachers from 1st to 15th October, 2010, the data from 231 teachers (68 male, 163 female) was statistically analyzed to search the factors related to musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms. According to NIOSH rate of musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms by body parts was 36.8%. Musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms related to age, school types, subjective health status, housekeeping time, VDT work time and regular rest. After adjusting for related variables, odds ratio (OR) of musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms was correlation significantly to subjective health status unhealthy (OR 11.75, 95% Confidence Interval, CI, 3.56-378.78). In addition, ORs (95% CI) of age (40-49) and housekeeping time (≥3) were 4.63 (1.82-26.18) and 4.33 (1.97-19.34). Analysis of the factors influencing the musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms vary in different parts of the body. The most discomfort symptoms by parts was neck (26.0%) and shoulder (30.0%). In the neck region was related to subjective health status and regular rest. In the shoulder and waist region was subjective health status and sex. Age was wrist/finger, leg/foot was related to subjective health status, sex and VDT work time. Age, school types, subjective health status, housekeeping time, VDT work time and regular rest related to musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms and the most discomfort symptoms by parts was neck and shoulder.