Pleurotus Ostreatus를 이용한 유기성 폐수의 처리

김성진 ( Kim Seong-jin ),강화영 ( Kang Hoa-young ),박상숙 ( Park Sang-sook ) 한국환경기술학회 2001 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.2 No.3

본 연구는 균류에 의한 유기성 폐수처리의 가능성을 제시하는 데 있으며, 실험에 사용된 균주는 담자균의 일종인 Pleurotus Ostreatus이다. 실험 결과에 의하면 95%이상의 유기물 제거 효율을 가지기 위한 최적 운전 조건은 0.67kgBOD/kgMLSS/day이며, 이때의 K, K₅, K_d, Y는 각각 1.59, 22.7, 0.03, 0.41으로 나타났다. 또, Pleurotus Ostreatus은 유기성 폐수를 신속하고 높은 제거효율로 처리할 수 있는 능력을 나타내고 있으나, 미생물의 침전성이 다소 불량하게 나타났다. 효율적인 침전성 확보를 위해 응집 실험을 실시한 결과, Alum과 PAC를 단독으로 처리한 경우보다 혼합하여 처리한 경우가 우수한 응집효과를 나타냈으며, 응집제의 적절한 혼합 농도는 Alum 0.09mg/l와 PAC 1.51mg/l로 나타났다. 현재까지의 실험결과는 Pleurotus Ostreatus는 활성슬러지 공법의 대안으로서 충분한 가능성을 보여주고 있으며 특히, 고농도 유기성 폐수처리에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to suggest possibility of organic wastewater treatment by fungi. The Pleurotus Ostreatus, one of the basidiomycetes, was used in this experiment. As the results, it was the effective loading condition under 0.67kg-BOD₅/kg-MLSS · day to take over the 95% removal efficiency, and dynamic coefficients K, K₅, K_d and Y were 1.59, 27.7, 0.03 and 0.41 at that time. The Pleurotus Ostreatus shows the ability to treat organic wastewater with quick and high efficiency removal, but the bio-mass had a little poor settleability. Therefore, we did try to find the value of effective concentration and mixing ratio of coagulants, Alum and PAC, to get the well-settling condition. Under the experimental condition, it was the better settleability of bio-mass to use the mixed coagulants(Alum+PAC) than to use the each other, and the effective mixed ratio of coagulants was Alum 0.09mg/L and PAC 1.51mg/L. It seems reasonable to suppose that the treatment process of high loading organic wastewater by Pleurotus ostreatus have a high potentiality as the alternative bio-mass instead of activated sludge even though a few results were obtained.

염화나트륨 농도가 느타리 자실체의 아미노산과 향기성분에 미치는 영향

이상철,편하영,박윤진,오태석,장명준,Lee, Sang-Chul,Pyeon, Ha-Young,Park, Youn-Jin,Oh, Tae-Seok,Jang, Myoung-Jun 한국버섯학회 2021 한국버섯학회지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 염화나트륨에 의한 비생물적 스트레스가 생육과정 중의 느타리에게 미치는 영향을 자실체의 생육특성, 그리고 구성아미노산함량과 향기패턴 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 농도별로 염화나트륨을 처리한 톱밥배지에서 수확한 느타리 자실체의 생육특성을 조사한 결과, 처리구별 수량은 무처리구 대비 염화나트륨 0.5%처리구에서의 값은 비슷했으며, 염화나트륨 처리 농도가 1.0%에서 2.0%으로 증가하면서 수량이 확연히 감소하였다. 자실체의 구성아미노산함량 분석결과, 무처리구 대비 모든 염화나트륨 처리구에서 glutamic acid과 proline을 제외한 aspartate, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, arginine의 14종 구성아미노산의 함량이 낮음을 확인하였다. 자실체의 향기패턴 분석결과, 염화나트륨 처리구에서 버섯고유의 향을 나타내는 octane compound로 추정되는 물질의 intensity가 감소하였음을 chromatography상에서 확인하였다. We investigated the effect of sodium chloride-associated abiotic stress on the development of Pleurotus ostreatus. We examined the growth characteristics of fruiting bodies, constituent amino acids, and fragrance pattern to determine the effect of culturing Pleurotus ostreatus on a sawdust substrate supplemented with sodium chloride in a dose-dependent manner. Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies exhibited an increasing tendency towards augmented yields when grown in the presence of 0.5% sodium chloride as compared with that grown in the control group. However, increasing the supplementation of sodium chloride from 1.0 % to 2.0% resulted in significantly decreased yields of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in these groups as compared with that in control groups. Further assessment revealed the presence of 14 types of amino acids in the fruiting bodies, including aspartate, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine, at lower levels in all the sodium chloride-treated groups than in the control group; except for glutamic acid and proline. Similarly, fragrance pattern analysis of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body by chromatography confirmed that the intensity of the substances presumed to be octane compounds, to which the unique flavor of mushrooms is attributed, was lower in all the sodium chloride-treated groups than in the control group.

URP-PCR 분석에 의한 느타리 이핵-단핵 계통간 교잡주의 핵 DNA 유전

김은정,신평균,장갑열,공원식,한영숙,유영복 한국버섯학회 2014 한국버섯학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the somatic hybrids of dikaryon- monokaryon (dimono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing superior strains from Pleurotus ostreatus strains with 48 intraspecific hybrids of 12 combinations between six P. ostreatus strains and one P. florida strain. The results on the experiments of hybridization rate, nuclear DNA patterns, and colors and morphology of fruit-bodies, are presented. In di-mono crosses, somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains showed 100% of crossability as seen in those between P. ostreatus and P. florida strains indicating that the nuclei of a dikaryon is inferred to be migrated to a recipient. 87.5% of the somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the donor dikaryons, and 12.5% of the somatic hybrids presented DNA patterns of both parents. In 16.6% of di-mono crosses between P. ostreatus and P. florida, the nuclear DNA patterns of all hybrids showed the same or similar patterns compared to the donor dikaryons. 70.9% of the hybrids between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus were similar to the donor dikaryons and 12.5% of them presented the DNA patterns of both parents. 79.2% of fruiting body morphology of the hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the dikaryons and 20.8% of them were similar to both parents. Interestingly, the morphology of all dikaryons were dissimilar each other. All hybrid strains between dikaryon P. florida and monokaryon P. ostreatus showed the fruiting body of which colors were similar to those of the dikaryon, while the hybrids between dikaryon P. ostreatus and monokaryon P. florida were showed the combined colors of both parents. Therefore, the fruiting body color of P. florida tends to be generally dominant. In conclusion, the present study provides a way to find out and suggest superior hybrid strains using the nuclear DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus strains as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. The advantages of the di-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding because it is an ideal way to develop the superior strains of Pleurotus.

느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus) 재배균상에 오염되는 Rhizoctonia solani 유사균의 특성

이영근,장화형,김진규,김재성,이기성 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus) 재배균상은 흔히 토양, 공기 중 곰팡이에 의해 오염되어 자실체 생산량이 감소되곤 한다. 느타리버섯 재배균상에서 3종류(Rs-1, RS-2와 RS-3)의 오염균주를 분리하여 internal transcribed spacer(ITS)의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이들의 ITS염기서열은 식물 병원성 사상균의 일종인 Rhizoctonia solani와 매우 높은 상동성을 보였다. 이들 오염균주들의 영양배지와 lignin 배지에서 균사체 생장율은 느타리버섯보다 각각 수배 및 수십배나 높았다. 세포외분비효소의 활성도는 오염균주들의 경우 느타리버섯과 비교하여 매우 낮은 활성도를 보였다. 느타리버섯과의 혼합배양 결과 오염균주들은 느타리버섯의 균사체 생장 및 자실체 형성을 심하게 저해하였다. The contamination of air- and soil-borne microbes could occur and result in the reduction of fruiting body formation during cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. Three contaminants(RS-1, RS-2 and RS-3) were isolated and showed higher homology to the plant pathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia solani by internal transcribed spacer(ITS) analysis. The rates of their mycelial growth on the lignin specific medium and complete medium were several times higher than those of P. ostreatus. The activities of the extracellular enzymes of three contaminants were lower than those of P. ostreatus. During oyster mushroom cultivation(P. ostreatus) together with these contaminants, the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation of P. ostreatus was seriously repressed.

Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Mixed Cultures of White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria on DDT Biodegradation

( Adi Setyo Purnomo ),( Khoirul Ashari ),( Farizha Triyogi Hermansyah ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.7

DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is one of the organic synthetic pesticides that has many negative effects for human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of mixed cutures of white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, on DDT biodegradation. Bacteria were added into the P. ostreatus culture (mycelial wet weight on average by 8.53 g) in concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 10 ml (1 ml = 1.25 × 10⁹ bacteria cells/ml culture). DDT was degraded to approximately 19% by P. ostreatus during the 7-day incubation period. The principal result of this study was that the addition of 3 ml of P. aeruginosa into P. ostreatus culture gave the highest DDT degradation rate (approximately 86%) during the 7-day incubation period. This mixed culture combination of the fungus and bacteria also gave the best ratio of optimization of 1.91. DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane), DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene), and DDMU (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene) were detected as metabolic products from the DDT degradation by P. ostreatus and P. aeruginosa. The results of this study indicate that P. aeruginosa has a synergistic relationship with P. ostreatus and can be used to optimize the degradation of DDT by P. ostreatus.

Comparison of in vitro digestibility and chemical composition among four crop straws treated by Pleurotus ostreatus

Nie, Haitao,Wang, Ziyu,You, Jihao,Zhu, Gang,Wang, Hengchang,Wang, Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.1

Objective: The effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on the feed utilization of broad bean stalks (BBS), rape straw (RS), paddy straw (PS), and corn stalk (CS) was examined. Methods: The four roughages were co-cultured with Pleurotus ostreatus. The chemical composition; enzyme activities of laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase; carbohydrate and protein fractions (based on The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System [CNCPS]) were assessed at different days after inoculation (7, 14, 21, 28 d) and un-inoculated roughages (control, 0 d). The digestibility of nutrient components and the gas production of roughage with various incubation times were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h using an in vitro ruminal fermentation method. Results: A higher CMCase activity (0.1039 U/mL) and earlier time to peak (14 d) were detected in Pleurotus ostreatus cultured with CS (p<0.05). Significantly, the incubation length-dependent responses of cumulative gas production were observed from 24 to 72 hours post fermentation (p<0.05), and these incubation length-dependent effects on cumulative gas production of PS and CS appeared earlier (24 h) for PS and CS than those (48 h) for BBS and RS (p<0.05). The fast-degradable carbohydrate (CA) content for all four roughages significantly increased over time (p<0.05). Nonetheless, increased degradation efficiency for CA treated with Pleurotus ostreatus was detected at both 21 and 28 days of incubation (p<0.05). With the exception of PS (p<0.05), there were no significant difference among the roughages (p>0.05) in slowly-degradable carbohydrate (CB2) at different incubation times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of the alterations in chemical composition, CNCPS system fractions, and the fermentation kinetics after biological pretreatment may yield a valuable database for evaluating the biological pretreatment of Pleurotus ostreatus in ruminant feed.

Viral Effects of a dsRNA Mycovirus (PoV-ASI2792) on the Vegetative Growth of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

( Ha-yeon Song ),( Hyo-jin Choi ),( Hansaem Jeong ),( Dahye Choi ),( Dae-hyuk Kim ),( Jung-mi Kim ) 한국균학회 2016 Mycobiology Vol.44 No.4

A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was detected in malformed fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus strain ASI2792, one of bottle cultivated commercial strains of the edible oyster mushroom. The partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the P. ostreatus ASI2792 mycovirus (PoV-ASI2792) was cloned, and a cDNA sequences alignment revealed that the sequence was identical to the RdRp gene of a known PoSV found in the P. ostreatus strain. To investigate the symptoms of PoV-ASI2792 infection by comparing the isogenic virus-free P. ostreatus strains with a virus-infected strain, isogenic virus-cured P. ostreatus strains were obtained by the mycelial fragmentation method for virus curing. The absence of virus was verified with gel electrophoresis after dsRNA-specific virus purification and Northern blot analysis using a partial RdRp cDNA of PoV-ASI2792. The growth rate and mycelial dry weight of virus-infected P. ostreatus strain with PoV-ASI2792 mycovirus were compared to those of three virus-free isogenic strains on 10 different media. The virus-cured strains showed distinctly higher mycelial growth rates and dry weights on all kinds of experimental culture media, with at least a 2.2-fold higher mycelial growth rate on mushroom complete media (MCM) and Hamada media, and a 2.7-fold higher mycelial dry weight on MCM and yeastmalt- glucose agar media than those of the virus-infected strain. These results suggest that the infection of PoV mycovirus has a deleterious effect on the vegetative growth of P. ostreatus.

Monochlorophenol의 목질분해균에 의한 분해 특성

최인규,이재원,최돈하 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

onochlorophenol인 2-, 3- 및 4-chlorophenol에 대해서 D. contentrica, T. versicolor, P. ostreatus 3균주를 이용하여 저항성, 분해능, 분해산물 등을 비교 분석하였다. T. versicolor는 monochlorophenol의 종류 및 농도의 증가에 따라 전혀 영향을 받지 않고 균사 생장이 이뤄지며, D. contentrica는 3-, 4-chlorophenol에서 100 ㎎/L 이상으로 농도가 증가하면 균사 생장이 느려져 제한을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. P. ostreatus는 두 균주와 달리 대조구 자체의 생장이 14일 정도로 상당히 느렸으나 2-, 3-chlorophenol을 첨가했을 때 오히려 1~2일 정도씩 생장이 촉진되는 결과를 나타냈다. 2-Chloro- phenol 이나 3-chlorophenol에서는 P. ostreatus가 제일 우수한 분해능을 보였으며 4-chlorophenol의 경우는 T. versicolor가 2균주에 비하여 월등하게 우수하게 나타나 균주가 따른 mono- chlorophenol의 분해능에 있어서 차이가 있고, 염소의 치환 위치에 따라 ortho나 meta 보다는 para위치에 염소가 치환된 4-chlorophenol이 D. contentrica나 P. ostreatus의 경우 분해가 느린 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 T. versicolor는 2-, 3- 및 4-chlorophenol의 저항성 시험에서 균사 생장이 제한을 받지 않고 우수한 생장력을 갖고 있는 것처럼 분해능 시험에 있어서도 우수하였다. 균주별로 pH와 균사량은 P. ostreatus > T. versicolor > D. concentrica 순으로 높았으며, 균주내에서 배양일수별로 pH의 변이는 유동적이었고 균사량은 조금씩 증가하였으나 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 즉, 2-, 3- 또는 4-chlorophenol의 목질분해균을 이용한 분해에 있어서 pH 및 균사량은 monochlorophenol 의 분해능과는 상관관계가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. T. versicolor 와 P. ostreatus의 경우는 높은 laccase의 유도 효과를 나타내면서 monochlorophenol의 분해에 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다. monochlorophenol의 분해산물로는 1,3,5-trihydoxyl benzene, 1-ethyl-1-hydroxyl pentane, 2-pro-penoicacid, methylmalonic acid, 2-methyl-4-keto-pentan-2-ol 등과 지방산의 일종인 tetradecanoic acid, hexadecane, hept-adecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid 등이 확인되었다. Biodegradation of monochlorophenols by wood rot fungi such as Daldina concentrica, Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus was evaluated by determining their resistance or toxic test and biodegradability. The metabolites of monochlorophenols were also analyzed. Among the three fungi, T. versicolor was the most resistant to 200 ppm of 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenols, and did not show any inhibitory mycellium growth. But D. concentrica had a little inhibition effect at more than 100 ppm of 3- or 4-chlorophenol. Control cultures of P. ostreatus took even 14 days for the completion of mycellium growth, but the hyphal growth was improved when 2- or 3-chlorophenol were added to the culture. In biodegradation analysis, P. ostreatus showed the highest degradation of 2- or 3-chlorophenol, while T. versicolor was the most effective in 4-chlorophenol. D. contentrica and P. ostreatus slowly degraded 4-chiorophenol. However, T. versicolor had similar degradation capability in the three monochlorophenols, suggesting that the biode- gradation mode is dependent on the fungi as well as the type of monochlorophenol. Several metabolites such as 1,3,5-trihydroxyl benzene, 1-ethyl-1-hydroxyl pentane, 2-propenoicacid, methylmalonic acid and 2-methyl-4-keto-pentan-2-ol were found as products of primary oxidation of 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenols by intact fungal cultures. Fatty acids including tetradecanoic, heptadecanoic and octadecanoic acids were also detected. The order of increase of mycellium weight during incubation were P. ostreatus > T. versicolor > D. concentrica. The pH in the culture was not constantly changed depending on incubation days, but the mycellium weight was slightly increased, indicating that the biodegradation of monochlorophenol night have low relationship with the mycellium growth. Laccase activities of T. versicolor and P. ostreatus were continuously increased depending on the incubation days, suggesting that the ligninolytic enzyme activity play an important role in the biodegradation of monochlorophenol.

Pleurotus속 균주들의 미토콘드리아 플라스미드 특성

김은경,구용범,차동렬,하영칠,노정혜 한국미생물학회 1993 미생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

백색 부후균인 plaurotus ostreatus 의 4가지의 균주로부터 각각 10.2 kb 와 7.2 kb (NFFA 2), 두 종류의 10.2 kb (NFFA 4001) 11.2 kb (NFFA 4501), 10.2kb 와 11.2 kb(KFCC 11635) 크기의 미토콘드리아 플라스미드들을 분리해 내었다. NFFA 2 의 변종인 NFFA 2m1 과 NFFA 2m2 에서는 이들 플라스미드가 관찰되지 않았다. 분별 원심분리에 의해 얻은 미토콘드리아에서 핵산을 추출하여 agarose gel 에서 전기영동시키면 플라스미드가 관찰되지 않았으나 proteinase K 를 처리하고 핵산을 추출하여 전기영동한 결과 이들 플라스미드가 관찰되었는에, 이는 플라스미드상에 단백질인 결합되어 있음을 시사한다. Proteinase K 를 처리한 플라스미드 DNA 와 exonuclease 를 반응시킨 결과, 이들 플라스미드들은 5'말단에 단백질이 결합된 성형 이중가닥 DNA의 구조를 가진 것을 확인하였다. 각 플라스미드들의 상호관계를 조사하기 위하여 Southern hybridization 을 수행한 결과 최소 3가지 종류의 플라스미드들로 분류할 수 있었다. 이중 한 그룹 (group I) 은 모든 P. ostreatus 균주들에서 공통적으로 발견되었다. Pleurotus 속의 5가지 다른 종(P. cornucopiae, P. florida, P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-cuja, P. spodoleucus) 의 균주들로부터 미토콘드리아 플라스미드들을 분리하였다. 이들은 한균주당 1-4 개 까지의 플라스미드를 가지며, 플라스미드의 크기는 7.2 kb-14kb 범위에 있었다. P. ostreatus 의 NFFA 2 의 10.2 kb(group I) 플라스미드와 hybridization 을 수행한 결과 P. cornucopiae ASI 2011을 제외한 다른 모든 균주들이 유사한 염기서열의 플라스미드를 갖고 있음을 알았다. Plasmid DNAs were detected from the mitochondrial fraction of four strains of whiterot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. The size of the plasmids were 10.2 and 7.2 kb in strain NFFA 2, 10.2 kb in NFFA 4001, 11.2 kb in NFFA 4501, and 10.2 and 11.2 kb in KFCC 11635. The two strains,NFFA 2ml and NFFA 2m2, which are mutant derivatives of NFFA 2, did not contain any plasmids. The cleavage by proteinase K indicated that these plasmids have DNA ends associated with proteins. In digestion with proteinase K all the plasm ids remained resistant to lambda exonuclease which hydrolyzes DNA from 5' ends and were sensitive to exonuclease III which hydrolyzes DNA from 3' ends. This suggests that the plasmids are linear double-stranded DNA and the terminal proteins are covalently linked to 5' ends of plasm ids. In order to find relationship between these plasmids, hybridization of plasm ids by each separate plasmid DNA was done. The result indicated that the plasmids can be classified into at least 3 groups. Plasmids of group I were present in all the P ostreatus. More mitochondrial plasmids were detected in P cornucopiae. P ,florida, P pulmonarius, P sajor-caju, and P spodoleucus. The size of plasmids ranged between 7.2 kb and 14 kb. All the species except P cornucopiae contained plasmids of approximately 10 kb which hybridized with the 10.2 kb plasmid (group I) of P ostreatus NFFA 2.

A Bacterium Belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Associated with Pleurotus ostreatus

Ricardo Yara,Walter Maccheroni Jr,Jorge Horii,Joao Lucio Azevedo 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.3

Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated white-rot fungus. Owing to its considerable enzymatic versatility P. ostreatus has become the focus of increasing attention for its possible utility in biobleaching and bioremediation applications. Interactions between microorganisms can be an important factor in those processes. In this study, we describe the presence of a bacterial species associated with P. ostreatus strain G2. This bacterial species grew slowly (approximately 30 days) in the liquid and semi-solid media tested. When P. ostreatus was inoculated in solid media containing Tween 80 or Tween 20, bacterial microcolonies were detected proximal to the fungal colonies, and the relevant bacterium was identified via the analysis of a partial 16S rDNA sequence; it was determined to belong to the Burkholderia cepacia complex, but was not closely related to other fungus-isolated Burkholderiaceae. New specific primers were designed, and confirmed the presence of in vitro P. ostreatus cultures. This is the first time that a bacterial species belonging to the B. cepacia complex has been found associated with P. ostreatus.