시대별 아파트 보행환경의 변화에 따른 외부공간 공간구조 분석

류세미,현창용 한국생태환경건축학회 2023 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the characteristics and status of the spatial structure according to pedestrian accessibility by checking the changes and characteristics of the external space in the apartment complex due to social changes. In addition, based on the analysis, the direction of the external space plan in the apartment complex is presented. Method: First, after a full investigation of apartments in Seoul, the characteristics of each type were identified by categorizing the external space in the apartment complex by type. Second, the layout of each of the three apartment complexes by type of external space in the apartment complex was prepared using satellite maps and numerical topographic maps of the National Geographic Information Service, and morphological characteristics were considered. Third, in order to check the characteristics of the walking type of the outer space of the apartment by type and analyze it quantitatively and objectively, the change in the topological characteristics of the walking space of the outer space was confirmed using Axial Map among Space Syntax analysis methods. Result: Unlike in the past, the form of external space in apartments requires various separate spaces to reflect changes in social perception and demands of consumers in modern times. In addition, when planning such an external space, it should now be an apartment external space for experience, not a visual space. It is necessary to more actively reflect changes in social perception, demand, and lifestyle, as well as the desire for a decentralized apartment outer space where community space is distributed throughout the apartment outer space due to changes in social perception and demand.

아파트 단지 옥외공간 변천 및 요인 연구

김대현,김대수,신지훈,김순분,Kim, Dae-Hyun,Kim, Dae-Soo,Sin, Ji-Hoon,Kim, Soon-Boon 한국조경학회 2005 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

The purposes of this study were to classify the changing periods of apartment outdoor space in Korea and to clearly understand the specific characteristics of each period. The study has been done through on-site observation of apartment complexes, and through the analysis of housing estate planning techniques, rules and regulations affecting outdoor spaces during the rapidly developing era. The results of this study shows that three major periods with distinct characteristics were found, which were as follows: 1) The first well defined period spans from 1960 to 1990. In this period, apartment construction was rapid, and as a result, quality of housing environments were sacrificed. As little attention was given to the landscapes in apartment complex, they were constructed very simple and identical in outdoor space of apartment complex. This period can be referred to as the 'commonly universal period in apartment outdoor space'. 2) The second period spans from 1991 to 1996, during which time a housing construction project for two million residences was completed in order to significantly stimulate the provision of houses to the general public. As a result, regulations were relaxed causing housing environments to deteriorate. Although apartments were constructed very close together, there was some diversification and experimentation in outdoor styles. This period can be referred to as the 'congestion period of apartment outdoor space'. 3) The third period spans from 1997 to the present. During this time the number of unsold apartments has grown considerably throughout the country. Many different apartment complex marketing strategies have been employed to reduced the glut of unsold apartments. This experimental trend has continued and been well-received since the IMF period. The distinguishing characteristics of this period are the introduction of a rich natural landscape, the increase in communications among residents, the human oriented design, and the refined and elegant design for the outdoor street furnitures. As a result, this period can be named the "differentiation period of apartment outdoor space".

AIP를 지원할 수 있는 아파트단지 주민공동 외부공간 리디자인에 관한 연구

모세범 ( Mo¸ Sebum ),김주연 ( Kim¸ Jooyun ),이현성 ( Lee¸ Hyunseung ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.6

(연구배경 및 목적) 본 연구는 빠른 속도로 고령화 사회로 진입한 우리나라의 실정에 맞추어 친숙한 환경에서 지속가능한 생활이 유지되어 AIP(지역사회에서의 지속적 거주 : Aging in place)를 지원할 수 있는 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 현재 오래된 공동주택에서 외부공간의 변화는 재건축을 통한 신규조성이 유일한 해결책이나, 재건축은 거주자의 변화를 가져와 다양한 세대를 위한 외부환경을 조성할 수밖에 없는 현실적 괴리를 불러온다. 살던 곳에서 지속 거주를 원하는 고령자의 비율이 높음에도 불구하고 외부공간은 제도적, 현실적 문제에 부딪혀 방치될 수밖에 없어, 본 연구는 재건축등을 통한 신규 외부공간 조성이 아닌, 기존 외부공간의 리디자인을 통해 고령화에 따른 아파트 외부공간의 방향성 제시를 목적으로 한다. (연구범위 및 방법) 이에 본 연구에서는 AIP의 개념과 아파트단지 외부공간의 고령자 필요시설에 대한 이론적 고찰을 하였다. 이를 토대로 노인비율이 높고 준공후 20년이상 경과된 단지 5곳을 선정하여 현황자료 분석과 현장 실증조사를 통해 고령자 요구하는 시설의 도입하여 적용하고, 문제점을 분석하고 활성화하기 위한 개선 방향을 제시하였다. (결과) 재건축등을 통한 신규 외부 공간 조성을 배재하고, 거주중에 외부공간을 고령자를 위해 변경하고자 하였다. 문헌고찰과 현황자료 분석, 현장실증조사, 리디자인 계획 방향을 통해 아래와 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 고령화로 인한 외부공간의 변경의 필요성과 걷기에 대한 선호도가 높음을 도출하였고, 이는 지역 내 공원 등 이용가능한 공간 보다는 단지 내에 위치하였을 때 더 활용도가 높을 수 있음을 나타낸다. 둘째, 고령화와 유소년인구의 감소로 인해 저이용되고 방치된 외부공간의 일부를 모든 세대 또는 고령자의 활동에 도움이 될 수 있는 용도로 변경을 제안한다. 셋째, 준공 후 20년 이상 지난 주거단지의 외부공간의 재 조성을 지원하는 법·제도의 개선을 제안한다. 주차장 확충과 위해의 방지만을 목적으로 한 주민공동시설의 용도변경과 용도폐지의 개정을 통해 입주자의 생애주기에 맞는 주민공동시설의 유연한 변화를 가져올 수 있을 것을 기대한다. (결론) ‘사는 곳에서 늙어갈 수 있는 권리’를 존중하기 위해서는 공동주택의 외부공간을 지속거주에 초점을 맞추어 변화할 수 있도록 제도적 뒷받침과 인식의 변화가 필요하며, 준공 후 재건축 시행까지 변경 할수 없는 외부공간에 대한 변화의 기회를 준다면 점차 고령화되어가는 거주민이 주거 이동 없이 지역사회에서 지속적 거주를 할 수 있는 환경을 마련해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. (Background and Purpose) The purpose of this study was to suggest ways to support Aging in Place (AIP) in response to the rapidly aging Korean society. AIP allows for continuation and maintenance of living for the elderlies in their familiar environments. Currently, the only solution to changing the outdoor space in old apartment complexes is creation of a new environment through reconstruction of the whole complex. However, reconstruction results in changes in residents and creates a real gap in the environment for various generations. Despite of the high proportion of elderlies who want to continue to live in the same space, it is inevitable that the outdoor space faces a realistic issues of institutional and practical problems. This study has its purpose on providing direction for the outdoor space of the apartment complex through redesigning of the original space rather than creating a new one to meet the needs of the elderly population. (Research Scope and Methods) This study examined the concept of AIP and the theoretical consideration of the facilities for the elderly in the outdoor space of the apartment complex. Based on the analysis, five complexes with a high ratio of elderly residents and built more than 20 year ago were selected. Analysis of the current status data and on-site empirical surveys were performed, and improvement strategies to solve the problem and actualize the solutions were provided. (Result) The plan was to exclude the creation of new outdoor spaces through reconstruction and to change the outdoor spaces for the elderly during their residence. Conclusions were drawn from literature review, analysis of current status, field survey, and redesign planning. The need for changes in outdoor space due to aging and the preference for walking were derived, and this indicates that the outdoor space may be utilized more when located in the complex than in other available spaces such as a park. Additionally, due to the aging population and the decrease in the youth population, some of the lowly utilized and neglected outdoor space is proposed to be changed to meet the purposes of improving the activities of all generations including the elderly. Lastly, the study proposes improvement in laws and systems to support the reconstruction of outdoor spaces in residential complexes of more than 20 years old. (Conclusion) To respect the ‘right to grow old where one lives’, institutional support and change of perception are needed to differentiate the external spaces of the apartment complex. It is expected that if an opportunity to change the space that cannot necessarily be reconstructed is given, this will provide an environment in which the elderly residents can still live in their same spaces without having to move somewhere else.

아파트단지 외부공간의 친환경요소 적용수준에 따른 만족도 비교 연구

박원규 ( Won Kyu Park ),임선화 ( Sun Hwa Im ) 한국환경복원녹화기술학회 2009 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.12 No.5

This study focused on the analysis of residential satisfaction depending on the extent of the application of environmental-friendly elements on the outdoor space of the apartment complexes. The purpose of this study is to present the basic materials of the environmental-friendly outdoor space planning of residential complexes. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, the results of the comparative analysis of the satisfaction of the outdoor space of apartment complexes show that the complexes with the most application of environmental-friendly elements had higher residential satisfaction. But, there was no meaningful statistical difference between the complexes with the highest level of application of the environmental-friendly elements and the complexes with medium level of application. Secondly, according to a comparative analysis, the overall residential satisfaction of the apartment complex was the same as the residential satisfaction of the outdoor space. Therefore, the overall satisfaction of the apartment complex seems to be influenced by the satisfaction of the outdoor space. Thirdly, the results of the correlative analysis of the satisfaction of the apartment complex showed that the satisfaction of the apartment complex increases as the satisfaction of the outdoor space of the apartment complex increases. The results of this study can be used as the basic materials for environmental-friendly outdoor space planning of apartment complexes.

공간구문론을 활용한 신도시 아파트 단지 외부공간의 접근성 분석

사광균 한국문화공간건축학회 2022 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.78

In order to analyze the characteristics of the outdoor space of the new town apartment complexes, this study aimsto classify the apartment complexes in Byeolnae New Town, Namyangju City, as rental housing and private housing, and toanalyze the accessibility of the elements constituting the outdoor space. The outdoor space of the apartment complexes wasclassified into access, movement, and facility elements, and the difference between rental and private housing was comparedand analyzed by analyzing the degree of integration, which is an accessibility index for each outdoor space element usingspace syntax. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusion was obtained. In all complexes, the accessibility of the mainentrance space of the apartment complexes is the highest, which can be interpreted as that the apartment complexes still hasa closed space structure in the city. The integration of open space and street is also analyzed to be high, indicating that therecent method of constructing apartment complexes in new town focuses on the environment of outdoor spaces as well ashigh-quality interior space planning. The degree of integration of outdoor space facilities is higher in private housing than rentalhousing, which can be interpreted as that rental housing complexes are still not planned to have a higher quality environmentthan private housing complexes.

공간구문론을 활용한 천안시 아파트단지 외부공간의 시기별 접근성 변화 분석

이기석(Ki-Seok Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.12

본 논문은 천안지역의 아파트단지 외부공간을 분석함에 있어서 공간구문론을 활용하여 구성요소 간의 관계성을 기반으로 하는 각 구성요소들의 배치 속성을 단지 전체 차원에서 해석하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 본 연구에 대한 예비 연구적 성격으로 진행하였다. 아파트단지 외부공간이 모두 연결되어 있는 하나의 공간구조라는 관점으로 거주자의 보행에 기반을 두고 각 공간 및 시설로의 출입공간에 대한 접근성 변화를 분석하였다. 총 5시기로 구분하고, 아파트단지 외부공간에 위치한 시설 및 공간으로의 출입공간을 단위공간으로 설정하였는데, 본 연구에서는 단지주출입공간, 주동 출입공간, 단지내 상가, 관리사무소/경로당, 어린이놀이터, 주민운동시설 등 총 6개의 분석항목을 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 단지주출입공간의 접근성은 거의 모든 시기에서 높게 나타났으며, 주동 출입공간은 전반적으로 낮은 접근성을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 단지내 상가는 접근성이 향상되고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. 셋째, 주민공동공간으로 볼 수 있는 관리사무소/경로당, 어린이놀이터, 주민운동시설 중에서 어린이놀이터의 경우는 예외적으로 통합도 순위가 시기별 큰 변화 없이 일정하게 높은 경향을 보이고 있고, 관리사무소/경로당의 경우는 최근으로 올수록 통합도 순위가 높아지는 경향을 보여 접근성이 좋은 위치에 주로 계획되고 있음을 나타내고 있다. This study examined the arrangement attribute of each component based on the relationship among the components using space syntax at the entire complex level when analyzing the outdoor space of an apartment complex in Cheonan and as a preliminary study. The accessibility change in the access space to each space and to the facilities were examined based on a resident walking in the perspective that the outdoor spaces of the apartment complex are one spatial structure connected together. The space was divided into a total of 5 periods and the access space to the facilities and spaces located in outdoor space of the apartment complex were established as the unit space. In this study, a total of 6 analysis items were established: main complex access space, main building access space, shopping mall within complex, control office/center for senior citizens, children"s playground, and resident sports facilities. In the analysis, the following conclusion was obtained. First, the accessibility to the main complex access space was high over almost all periods and the main building access space generally showed low accessibility. Second, the shopping mall showed a tendency that the closer the period, the more the accessibility is increased. Third, the control office/center for senior citizens, which can be considered as a common resident space and the children"s playground out of the resident sports facilities, showed an exceptional tendency, the integration order was constantly high without a large change by the period and the control office/center for senior citizens showed the tendency for a high integration order, indicating that it is planned mainly in a location with good accessibility.

고층아파트단지 필로티 공간과 옥외단위공간의 통합도(Integration) 비교 분석 연구

송병하(Ha, Song-Byung),이기석(Lee, Ki-Seok) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 최근 고층아파트 단지 내에서 주요 계획요소로 자주 채택되고 있는 저층부 필로티 공간과 주요 옥외단위공간들의 통합도 값을 단지별 전체 통합도 평균값과 비교하여 필로티 공간의 통합도 값이 다른 옥외공간들과 비교 할 때 어느 정도의 통합도 위상을 갖는지 분석하는 것이며, 또한 다음 단계의 연구인 필로티 공간 이용행태 관찰 및 이용빈도 조사의 기초자료로 삼는데 있다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고층아파트 단지의 필로티 공간을 포함한 주요 옥외단위공간들 중 ‘단지출입구’ 또는 ‘광장’ 공간이 가장 높은 통합도 값을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 고층아파트 단지의 필로티 공간 통합도 값이 다른 주요 옥외단위공간들의 통합도 값보다 대체적으로 낮은 경향을 보이고 있다. 세째, 고층아파트 단지의 필로티 공간들중 동출입구의 기능이 없는 ‘돌출형 출입 + 필로티 부가형’ 유형의 공간일 경우 주민들의 공간이용률이 현격하게 저조하여 음성적 공간화 및 공동화 현상이 발생될 가능성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. This study examined the integration value of a low level pilotis space, a component that has been often selected as an essential planning element of the recent high-rise apartment complex, and compared the main outdoor unit spaces with that of an average integration value of the individual complexes. Furthermore, this study provided the preliminary data for the next level of research, which is the observation of the pilotis space usage behaviors and the frequency of utilization. The results of this present research are as follows. First, from the main outdoor unit spaces of the high-rise apartment complexes including the pilotis space, a ‘complex entrance’ or a ‘plaza’ space showed the highest integration value. Second, the spatial integration value of a pilotis space in a high-rise apartment complex was generally lower that of the integration value of other main outdoor units. Third, from the pilotis spaces of the high-rise apartment complex, those with a ‘projecting entry access + pilotis addition type’ that did not provide an access to the individual units, had the lowest space utilization rate by the inhabitants; thus, had a high likelihood of the spaces becoming used for illegitimate activities or becoming vacant.

IMF 기간 일간신문 분양광고에 나타난 아파트 단지 옥외공간의 차별화 내용 및 요소

김대현,Kim Dae-Hyun 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

During the IMF period the unsold of apartment housing was significantly increased due to financial problems. Apartment constructors had to severely struggle with fund problems and even some of them were bankrupted. Due to this fact, they had to find new marketing strategies to sell the apartment complexes even with low margins. One of the solutions was that housing companies could present a distinctive and outstanding outdoor space in apartment complexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate such differentiated marketing strategies by reviewing the apartment housing advertisements during the IMF period. The major findings through this study were as follows: 1. During the IMF period housing companies presented a distinctive and outstanding outdoor space in apartment complexes. In 1999, which was the peak of the IMF impact, there were frequent advertisements for apartment housing in daily newspapers. 2. Daily newspapers had been mostly used for advertising the apartments. A thorough review of them is very valuable in investigating differentiated marketing strategies of the outdoor space in apartment complexes. 3. The main theme of differentiation of outdoor space can be summarized as : Emphasis of the importance of healthy life, application of environment-friendly facilities, and use of traditional korean style elements in apartment complexes.

아파트단지 외부공간의 시계열 분석

변나향(Byun Na-Hyang),최재필(Choi Jaepil) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(계획계)

For the large-scale apartment complexes constructed based on the housing policies in the 1970s, living space was limited to each unit, and accordingly, related studies were usually unit-plan centered as well. However, with the rise of the dwellers' awareness and improved standards of living, the realm of living space to consider was expanded to include outdoor space. In coherence with this growing importance of outdoor space, related studies including the outdoors progressed as well. Existing studies dealing with outdoor spaces in apartment complexes mainly evolve around general interpretation, typological studies on outdoor spaces, and user's perception of them. However, from the viewpoint of analytic methodology, the reasoning process remains mostly subjective and it fails to provide concrete suggestions and is limited in its application potential with regards to planning. Thus, it seems necessary to provide objective insight to outdoor space through discussions about spatial composition and quantitative analysis of spatial study. In this research, apartment complexes have been chosen in a chronological order, and their composition of outdoor space has been analyzed by applying space syntax model within the apartment complexes. Thus, through this research, the transitions and characteristics of outdoor spaces can be analyzed chronologically, which then will be able to be utilized in further studies regarding the relationship between outdoor space in apartment complexes and urban spatial composition.

공동주택단지 외부공간 계획특성에 관한 연구 -시설별 공간특성 및 디자인특성을 중심으로-

김영훈 ( Kim Young Hoon ) 한국상품문화디자인학회(구 한국패키지디자인학회) 2018 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.54 No.-

오늘날 공동주택단지는 주거환경 수준의 향상과 주거 라이프 스타일의 변화, 이웃 간의 교류, 여가생활 증대, 건강에 대한 관심증대 등 다양한 사회문화적 현상으로 인해 변화되고 있다. 주거환경의 변화로 외부공간에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 공동주택단지 외부공간은 공동주택의 주거형태 특성상 이웃과의 교제가 부족한 환경과 단위주호 내에서 해결할 수 없는 문제점 등을 해결할 수 있으며 사회적 관계 증진과 공동체 의식 함양을 이끌 수 있는 중요한 공간이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울에 위치한 최근 완공된 공동주택단지를 대상으로 외부공간을 운동시설, 휴게시설, 놀이시설, 조경시설, 위생시설로 구분하여 사례조사 하였으며 주민들의 커뮤니티시설로서 공간계획특성 및 디자인특성을 분석하였다. 조사결과에 따르면 운동시설의 경우 다양한 종류의 시설이 계획되어있는 반면 놀이시설이나 휴게시설은 단지별 차이가 없이 획일적인 형태로 계획되어 있어 거주자의 다양한 특성이 고려되어 있지 않았다. 특히 각 기능별 시설이 독립적으로 배치된 경우가 많아 복합적인 커뮤니티 공간으로서 거주자들의 교류를 도모할 수 있는 배치계획이 부족한 것으로 조사되어 서로 연계성 있게 계획 할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 이웃과의 활발한 소통을 위한 공동주택단지 외부공간의 계획시 디자인 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것이다. Today's apartment complexes are changing due to the change of residential environment, communication among neighbors and increase of leisure life. Therefore, the utilization of outdoor space has been enhanced. Apartment complexes lack the environment of communication with neighbors. The outdoor space of apartment complexes can solve matters that can't solved in the resident. This is also important space to improve social relations. Therefore, this study is a case study of apartment complexes' outdoor space in Seoul. The outdoor space is classified into exercise facility, recreation facility, play facility, landscape facility and sanitation facility. Space characteristics and design are analyzed as community facilities of residents. The result of research shows that the exercise facility was planned with various types of facilities, but the play and recreation facilities are uniform types. Various characteristics of residents are not considered. Especially, they are arranged independently, so integrated community space couldn't be formed. Communication among residents can't be promoted as well.