산업안전보건법의 학교현장 적용에 관한 고찰 ― 공립 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교를 중심으로 ―

정진우 한국노동법학회 2023 노동법학 Vol.- No.87

In order to faithfully apply the safety and health management system to schools, Occupational Safety and Health Act should first be revised to ensure that the safety and health management system regulations are applied to schools other than field workers. In addition, the Office of Education needs to autonomously appoint (tentative) General Industrial Safety and Health Committee and (tentative) General Safety and Health Management Manager at the Office of Education, exceeding legal standards through ordinances. Establishing and operating a safety and health management system autonomously at the level of the Office of Education is also part of fulfilling the duty of care necessary for work. Instead of presupposing that the current law related to occupational safety and health at school sites will be fixed, legislative maintenance should be prioritized for matters that need to be legislatively improved. However, the Ministry of Employment and Labor has been trying to make up the operation of the school's safety and health management system as administrative guidelines without legal basis, and rather as guidelines of arbitrary content. In order to effectively promote autonomous safety and health measures at the level of the Office of Education, it is first necessary to withdraw the wrong interpretation of the Ministry of Employment and Labor's safety and health management system. This is because the Ministry of Employment and Labor's current interpretation of the safety and health management system is not only inconsistent with safety principles and legal theory, but also does not help secure effective safety and health at the site. In addition, the current interpretation of the Ministry of Employment and Labor can act as an obstacle for the Office of Education to establish and operate an autonomous safety and health management system in consideration of the duty of care necessary for work. Administrative interpretation of the safety and health management system under the Occupational Safety and Health Act is largely arbitrary according to the logic of the situation, which does not conform to legal theory and safety principles, causing a lot of confusion in the operation of the safety and health management system at school sites. Not conforming to the law means that predictability and implementation are low, and not conforming to safety principles means that it is difficult to secure the effectiveness of accident prevention. In this state, even if time passes, the system and order are not established, and the chaotic state continues at a high cost, making it difficult to prevent disasters. Furthermore, safety and health officials at school sites are always exposed to the risk of law violations and punishment, which can lead to the mass production of innocent offenders. Therefore, The Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Education should address the confusion and conflict surrounding the implementation of safety and health measures at school sites and take legislative and administrative improvement measures as soon as possible.

산업보건 서비스기관의 정보관리체계에 대한 연구

민혜영,김규상,채영문,노재훈,한성현 大韓産業醫學會 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Objectives of Occupational Health Information System(OHIS) are to help managing workers' health and to support decision making for managers. OHIS can also be utilized support research and training in this field. While an importance of OHIS is recognized the last several years, a research in this area has not been actively carried out at present. The purpose of this study is to develop a OHIS model using a system development life cycle(SDLC) method. SDLC method consists of strategic plan, analysis systems design, and implementation of the system. Results from the study were as follows ; First, strategic plans for OHIS is divided into the three stages. The first stage is a development of information system for measuring healthy status of workers. In the second stage, the system for health screening and environmental measurement is developed and integrated with the system developed in the first stage. In the third stage, a system for accounting and reporting process will be developed. Second, according to the priorities in the strategic plans. information requirements for the healthy screening division, environmental measurement division, health service division and administrative division were analysed using Structured System Analysis methods. Third, in the system design, conceptual design for the system was performed using hierarchy input process output(HIPO), database design, system flow chart, and network design. Forth, in the system evaluation, the risk factors were analysed and their corresponding risk-reducing strategies were developed. The risk factors are lack of understanding, lack of standardization, and lack of administrative support such as budgets. The risk-reducing strategies were actively involving managers, training users, reducing workload system, and standardizing. In the future, more comprehensive and detailed design for the system should be designed to more effective support the management of the center. The performances as well as economic benefits of information system should be quantitatively evaluated.

제조업 사업장의 안전보건활동이 안전보건수준 인식에 미치는 영향

이경용(Kyung Yong Rhee) 한국사회정책학회 2011 한국사회정책 Vol.18 No.4

근로자의 건강을 보호하기 위해서는 안전보건수준을 향상시키는 것이 필요하다. 사업장의 안전보건수준은 다양한 안전보건활동을 통해서 향상될 수 있다. 사업장의 안전보건활동은 법적 규제에 대응하는 활동과 경제적 합리성에 근거해서 이루어지는 활동으로 구분될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제조업체의 다양한 안전보건활동 중에서 사업장의 안전보건수준에 대한 인식에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 활동이 무엇이며, 위험도 수준에 영향을 미치는 활동이 무엇인지를 알아보았다. 본 연구에 활용된 자료는 2009년 산업안전보건연구원이 실시한 산업안전보건동향조사 자료이며, 이 중에서 제조업체 응답 자료만 선별하여 분석에 활용하였다. 사업장의 다양한 안전보건활동을 범주화하기 위하여 요인분석을 한 결과 사업주의 일반적인 안전보건경영활동, 근로자 건강관리 활동, 화학물질 관리, 보호구 및 유해위험기계기구관리, 및 정보전달과 의사소통 등의 5개 하위 활동으로 분류되었다. 5개로 분류된 안전보건활동은 모두 사업장의 안전보건활동 수준에 대한 인식에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이 중에서 사업주의 일반적인 안전보건경영활동의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반면 위험도에 대한 인식은 5%의 유의수준에서 보호구 및 유해위험기계기구 관리만 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결국안전보건수준에 대한 인식과 위험도에 대한 인식이 서로 다른 차원으로 구성되고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 단면조사 자료를 이용하였기 때문에 인과관계에 대한 해석에 한계를 지니고 있으며, 안전보건활동의 다양성을 충분히 포괄하지 못한 제한점이 있다. In order to protect workers` health it is needed to improve the level of occupational safety and health. The level of workplace safety and health can be improved through a variety of activities of occupational safety and health. Workplace safety and health activities can be divided into two categories such as response to the legal and regulatory activities and economically rational activities for profit making. Author investigated which activities have the greatest effect on awareness of workplace safety and health levels and workplace risk level. Materials utilized for this study was data from 2009 Occupational Safety and Health Trend Survey conducted by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Using factor analysis the various activities of workplace safety and health were classified into five sub categories such as employer`s general safety and health management activities, employee health-related activities, management of chemicals, machinery protection and personal protective equipment management, and information delivery and communication. All of the activities of safety and health has had a significant impact on perceived level of workplace safety and health. Among five categories of activities, the employer`s general health and safety management showed the largest impact. Whereas awareness of risk was influenced by only activity of personal protection equipment and hazard machinery at 5% significance level. After all perceived level of health and safety and risk awareness are recognized differently by safety and health managers in workplace. This study has some limitation. Cross sectional survey data cannot be interpreted as causal relationship and surveyed activities about workplace safety and health cannot cover all kinds of activities.

산업보건전문기관 정보관리 시스템의 현황 분석

하은희,홍윤철,김철환,전경자,박혜숙,양미란,조희숙,이보은 대한의료정보학회 1998 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.4 No.2

경인지역 일부 근로자와 보건담당자의 보건관리에 대한 인식 및 태도

장성실,이세훈,Chang, Seong-Sil,Lee, Se-Hoon 대한예방의학회 1994 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 대행기관의 보건관리를 받고 있는 경인지역 51개 사업장 근로자들 중 무작위로 추출된 247명과 보건담당자 46명의 보건관리에 대한 인식과 태도를 조사한 것이다. 1992년 12월부터 1993년 2월까지 3개월간 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생산직근로자는 일반적 직업적 특징상 보건담당자보다 연령, 학력 및 직위 등이 유의하게 낮았다. 2. 생산직근로자는 담당자보다 직업병에 걸릴 것이라는 인식이 강하고 작업환경에 대해 더욱 열악하다고 인식하고 있었으며 작업환경 측정이 유해인자 평가에 유용하지 않다고 생각하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 두 군 모두에서 작업환경 측정이 유해인자를 평가하는데에 유용하다고 생각할수록 작업환경이 개선되고 있다고 생각하는 경향이 있었다. 3. 보건관리대행에 대한 인식도 두 군간에 유의한 차를 보여서 근로자의 72.6%가 보건관리대행을 받고 있는지를 알지 못하고 있는 반면, 보건담당자의 82.2%가 잘 알고 있다고 응답하였다. 그러나 보건관리대행의 필요성에 있어서는 두 군간에 유의한 차가 없었으며, 전체의 79.0%가 보건관리대행이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 4. 보건교육에 있어 근로자의 73.1%가 보건교육을 받은 적이 없는 반면, 전체의 93.0%가 보건교육의 필요성을 인식하고 있었다. 보건교육의 필요성은 보건교육에 대한 만족하는 정도와 관련이 있었고, 또한 보건교육의 만족 정도는 보건관리대행의 필요성 인식과 관련이 있었다. 5. 두 군 모두에서 현행의 보건관리가 너무 형식적이라고 인식하고 있었으며, 이러한 형식성의 탈피와 정기 건강진단에 대한 추후 관리를 희망하고 있었다. 이상으로 미루어 보아, 대행기관의 사업장에 대한 보건관리는 근로자들의 적극적인 자세에 비하여 효율적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다고 판단되었다. 그러므로 근로자들이 작업환경의 유해요인에 대해 올바르게 인식하므로써 적절한 태도를 취할 수 있도록 하기 위하여서는 보건담당자뿐 아니라 근로자에 대한 보건교육을 포함한 보건관리를 보다 적극적인 자세로 강화시키고 정착시키는 것이 필요할 것으로 제시되었다. This study was performed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of workers in small scale industries on health management, and to provide the basic data for more effective service by the group occupational health service system. The knowledge and attitude of 247 workers and 46 health personnel in the industries scattered around Incheon were investigated from December 1992 to February 1993. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. There were significant differences between the workers and the health personnel by age, sex, marriage status, job-position and education level. 2. The recognition level of the workers to contract work related disease was significantly higher than that of health personnel, and recognition level of the workers on environmental hazards and on the utility of measuring hazards were lower than that of health personnel. 3. The recognition level on the content of the group occupational health service system was significantly different between workers and health personnel, 72.6% of the responses from the workers answered that they did not know what the group occupational healthe service system was, but 82.2% of the responses from the health personnel answered that they knew well what it was. And 79.0% of all respondents thought it was necessary for worker's health. 4. Seventy three percent of the respondents from the workers indicated that they had never taken health education. However, 93.0% of all respondents answered positively for the need of health education to promote their health. 5. Current health service system was judged to be insufficient for the demand of workers for better health. Most of the respondents prefered a formal but flexible health service system and they wanted the periodic health examination to be followed up. It was revealed that despite of poor knowledge, the demand of workers for health service was higher than the current supply. Therefore, this study suggests that educating both health personnel and workers to obtain correct knowledge on the hazards to work enviroment and health management is needed for effective occupational health service.

Systematizing Information Use to Address Determinants of Health Worker Health in South Africa: A Cross-sectional Mixed Method Study

Zungu Muzimkhulu,Yassi Annalee,Ramodike Jonathan,Voyi Kuku,Lockhart Karen,Jones David,Kgalamono Spo,Thunzi Nkululeko,Spiegel Jerry 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.4

Background: Recognizing that access to safe and healthy working conditions is a human right, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for specific occupational safety and health (OSH) programs for health workers (HWs). The WHO health systems’ building blocks, and the International Labour Organization (ILO), highlight the importance of information as part of effective systems. This study examined how OSH stakeholders access, use, and value an occupational health information system (OHIS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey of OSH stakeholders was conducted as part of a larger quasi experimental study in four teaching hospitals. The study hospitals and participants were purposefully selected and data collected using a modified questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. Quantitative analysis was conducted and themes identified for qualitative analysis. Ethics approval was provided by the University of Pretoria and University of British Columbia. Results: There were 71 participants comprised of hospital managers, health and safety representatives, trade unions representatives and OSH professionals. At least 42% reported poor accessibility and poor timeliness of OHIS for decision-making. Only 50% had access to computers and 27% reported poor computer skills. When existing, OHIS was poorly organized and needed upgrades, with 85% reporting the need for significant reforms. Only 45% reported use of OHIS for decision-making in their OSH role. Conclusion: Given the gap in access and utilization of information needed to protect worker’s rights to a safe and healthy workplace, more attention is warranted to OHIS development and use as well as education and training in South Africa and beyond.

미국 상위 30개 연구 중심 대학들의 실험실 환경보건안전 담당 부서 -MIT 사례를 중심으로-

안광석 ( Kwang Seog Ahn ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ),전영희 ( Young Hee Jun ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives: The objectives of this research are to examine the missions, organization, and programs of the environmental, health and safety(EHS) offices of the major research universities in the U.S.A., particularly the case of Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) EHS Office, and to suggest ways to address the EHS issues of the universities and research institutes in South Korea. Methods: The top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. were selected by the total amounts of research funds they annually received. The web sites of the 30 universities were searched to identify the names of the departments that address environment, health, and/or safety related issues, the missions of those departments, the major programs of those departments, and the number of staff in those departments. Also, a case study was conducted for the Environment Health and Safety Management System and the Environment, Health and Safety Office of the MIT, using literature and web searches and a meeting with the Director of the MIT Environment, Health and Safety Office. Results: All the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. had designated departments that dealt with EHS issues. Most of them were by the name of or similar to environmental, health and safety. The mission statements of those departments were mostly about improving the safety and health of their community members, improving the environment, and complying to EHS regulations. Most of those departments had an environmental management program, industrial hygiene program, radiation protection program, safety program, and biosafety program as their major programs. The components of the environment, health and safety management system(EHS-MS) of the MIT were examined in detail. In contrast, not many universities in South Korea had designated departments that dealt specifically with EHS issues. Also, the number of fulltime staff for EHS was only 1-2 in most of the Korean universities and their work duties included only general safety, while neglecting other health/environment related issues. Conclusions: Well organized and functioning environmental, health and safety offices were present in all of the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A., whereas similar organizations of the universities in South Korea were virtually non-existent and/or had very limited EHS activities. Therefore, in order to reduce potential risks of accidents and health problems in the Korean universities and research institutions, well established and functioning EHS-MSs and EHS offices are warranted. The case of the EHS-MS and EHS Office in the MIT demonstrate a successful case to follow.

사업장 산업보건 정보관리 전산화 실태조사

조희숙,하은희,홍윤철,김철환,전경자,박혜숙,Jo, Heui-Sug,Ha, Eun-Hee,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Chul-Hwan,June, Kyung-Ja,Park, Hye-Sook 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.2

In order to develop the computerized information system of occupational health management at worksite, we surveyed actual states of computer use at worksites. We used a self-administrative questionnaire to the members of Korean Association of Occupational Health Nursing(KAOHN) from July 4 to August 21 in 1997. Among the members of KAOHN, 147 members answered. The worksites where they were employed were very diverse in aspect of jobs, locations, and size. Occupational health computerized system was used at 30(20.4%) worksites among 147 respondants. When they first introduced the computerized system the most difficult problem was the lack of support of manager. The programs that they have used mainly consist of drug management, health examination management, disease management, but the program of worksite environment management have been rarely used. Most users felt that the computerized system was effective, but there were problems in connection within programs. Many worksites have plans to take or expand the computerized information system within several years. It is necessary to develop the effective and integrated occupational health computerized system.

중소규모 사업장의 환자의뢰체계 모형 개발

김정연,하은희,박혜숙,안형숙,안진숙,위자형 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1999 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.22 No.2

연구 목적 : 본 연구에서는 중소규모사업장 근로자의 의료이용행태 및 의뢰체계에 대한 필요도를 조사하고, 이 자료를 근거로 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속 목동병원과 동대문병원을 3차기관으로 하여 중소규모 사업장의 환자의뢰체계의 모형을 만들고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 4월부터 5월까지 대한산업보건협회 서울지부의 210개 보건관리대행 사업장 중 57개 사업장을 대상으로 각 사업장당 근로자 5명씩 무작위로 선발하여, 총 근로자 213명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 설문결과를 바탕으로 대한산업보건협회와 이화의료원의 환자 의뢰체계를 개발하였다.의뢰체계를 1년간 시범운영한 후 근로자들의 만족도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 의료기관 이용시의 불편사항으로는 접수, 예약, 절차 등의 절차가 번거로움과 근무시간과 진료시간의 불일치를 가장 많이 호소하였으며 생산직과 사무직의 차이는 없었다.외부 병원 연계의 필요성에 대하여는 젠체 대상자 중 76.7%가 필요하다고 대답한 반면 거리가 멀다면 68.8%가 이용하지 않겠다고 대답하였다. 의뢰체계가 도움을 주어야 할 내용으로는 가급적 빠른 진료, 질병이나 검사결과에 대한 자세한 설명, 진단과 치료의 신뢰감, 검사결과의 신속한 통보, 회송소견서 발부, 직업적 폭로요인 고려의 순으로 나타났다. 병원이용이 편리한 시간으로 일과 후(64.7%)가 가장 많이 나왔으며 85.6%에서 야간진료가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 조사대상자의 91.9%가 가족들이 진료의뢰체계에 포함되기를 원하였다. 98년 2월부터 99년 1월까지 의뢰체계를 통하여 이대병원을 이용한 총 근로자 수는 30명이었다. 근로자들의 병원서비스에 대한 만족도는 비교적 높게 나타났으나, 후송소견서가 교부, 직업성 요인의 고려는 잘 되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 앞으로 의뢰체계를 활성화하기 위해서는 근로자와 사업장에 대하여는 의뢰체계와 서비스 내용에 대한 정확한 홍보, 병원에서의 야간진료실시, 직업성 질환자의 진료를 위한 임상각과와 예방의학과의 공식적인 의뢰체계 수립이 필요하다고 생각된다. Objectives : This study was designed to develop the referral system of patient in small-sized industries and the medical delivery system in occupational health field. Methods : We sampled randomly 5 workers per each company in 57 companies and investigated the healthcare utilization behavior, the need for referral system. The survey was done from April 1. 1998 to May 30. 1998 and the respondents were 213. On the basis of the results, we planned model for the referral system between Korean Industrial Health Association(KIHA) and Ewha Medical Center(EMC). Results : The complaints of the utilization of medical service are cumbersome process of registration and reservation, and discord between hours of duty and consultation. The referral system is needed in 76.7% of total respondents. 85.6% of workers want the night clinic, and 91.3% want to be included their family in this referral system. We developed the referral system linking KIHA, EMC, and department of preventive medicine of Ewha Woman's University, which based on the result of survey. The service reflect the worker's the healthcare utilization behavior and need for referral system. The number of workers who referred by this system between Feb. 1998 and Jan. 1999 was 30, and replied by EMC after treating was 12. The number of referred patient is very law(30 spells), but the satisfaction of medical service is relatively high. Conclusion : To promote the referral system, it is needed to propaganda the service of referral system to workers and managers of each company, to improve of quality of services of the hospital, and to establish the official referral system between department of preventive medicine of Ewha woman's university and each clinical department of Ewha Medical Center.

중소기업의 「중대재해처벌법」과 ISO 45001의 연계방안 연구

우상선 한국재난정보학회 2022 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: This study proposes a plan for linking the Severe Accident Punishment Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Management System so that SMEs can meet the requirements of the Severe Accident Punishment Act only by maintaining and implementing the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Method: Conduct a theoretical approach, such as a literature review. First, as a theoretical approach, the safety and health management system of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act was examined, the requirements of ISO45001 were analyzed, and the statistics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 5 to 49 to which the 2024 Serious Accidents Punishment Act was applied and the number of accident deaths were investigated. Result: No problems were found in linking with the Serious Accident Punishment Act when constructing Occupational health and safety management systems (ISO45001). Conclusion: It is judged that the establishment of Occupational health and safety management systems (ISO45001) and management of implementation performance will be able to satisfy the Act on the Punishment of Serious Disasters. 연구목적: 중소기업에서 안전보건경영시스템의 유지와 실행만으로 중대재해처벌법의 요구사항에 적합하도록 중대재해처벌법과 안전보건경영시스템 연계방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 문헌조사와 같이 이론적 접근을 수행한다. 먼저 이론적 접근으로 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건관리체계를 살펴보고, ISO45001의 요구사항을 분석하였으며, 그리고 2024년 중대재해처벌법이 적용되는 5인 이상 49인까지의 중소기업의 통계와 사고 사망자수를 조사하였다. 연구결과: 안전보건경영시스템(ISO45001) 요구사항과 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건관리체계의 연계하는데 문제점이 발견되지는 않았다. 결론: 안전보건경영시스템 인증을 받기 위한 시스템 구축과 실행으로 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건관리체계의 요구사항을 충족할 수 있으리라고 판단된다.