산업보건서비스체계의 효율적 관리방안에 관한 연구

문옥륜 ( Ok Ryun Moon ),한동운 ( Dong Woon Han ),최병순 ( Byung Soon Choi ),최재욱 ( Jae Wook Choi ),하은희 ( Eun Hee Ha ),이기효 ( Key Hyo Lee ),장동민 ( Dong Min Chang ) 한국보건행정학회 1994 보건행정학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The objectives of this study are (i) to review current situations and problems of the occupation-al health care system with emphasis on reforming the organizations and services, (ii) to find out a disirable occupational health system model based on integration of the occupational health system and the general health system, and finally, (iii) to suggest policy implications in occupational health services in the light of objectives of the newly emerging national health insurance reform in Korea. The major policy implications of this study are as follows: 1. In the long-run, within the occupational health system, preventive occupational health ser-vices such as employees` physical check-up, working environment examination, etc should finan-cially be integrated with industrial accident compensation insurance. Currently separately paying expenses for each different category of services by the owner of an enterprise should be disbursed once through the payment of contributions of industrial accident compensation insurance. And then, it is necessary to strengthen and expand the role and function of industrial accident com-pensation insurance to cover preventive occupational health services. 2. The occupational health system should be integrated with general health system for its ef-fective management. For the short-term policy, it is necessary to eliminate fiscal and access barri-er between industrial accident compensation insurance and national health insurance by means of ex post facto settlement of accounts. The duplication of employees` physical check- ups between under the health insurance program and under the industrial health services must be coordinated in a manner either through mutual authorization by the two parties concerned or through merge into the health insurance. 3. The intent of current employees` physical check-up system focused on detection of occupa-tional diseases, should be converted to an idea of medical surveillance system or biological moni-toring system. The introduction of medical surveillance or biological monitoring system is a neces-sary condition to build a positive, effective and inexpensive occupational health care system.

산업안전보건법의 학교현장 적용에 관한 고찰 ― 공립 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교를 중심으로 ―

정진우 한국노동법학회 2023 노동법학 Vol.- No.87

In order to faithfully apply the safety and health management system to schools, Occupational Safety and Health Act should first be revised to ensure that the safety and health management system regulations are applied to schools other than field workers. In addition, the Office of Education needs to autonomously appoint (tentative) General Industrial Safety and Health Committee and (tentative) General Safety and Health Management Manager at the Office of Education, exceeding legal standards through ordinances. Establishing and operating a safety and health management system autonomously at the level of the Office of Education is also part of fulfilling the duty of care necessary for work. Instead of presupposing that the current law related to occupational safety and health at school sites will be fixed, legislative maintenance should be prioritized for matters that need to be legislatively improved. However, the Ministry of Employment and Labor has been trying to make up the operation of the school's safety and health management system as administrative guidelines without legal basis, and rather as guidelines of arbitrary content. In order to effectively promote autonomous safety and health measures at the level of the Office of Education, it is first necessary to withdraw the wrong interpretation of the Ministry of Employment and Labor's safety and health management system. This is because the Ministry of Employment and Labor's current interpretation of the safety and health management system is not only inconsistent with safety principles and legal theory, but also does not help secure effective safety and health at the site. In addition, the current interpretation of the Ministry of Employment and Labor can act as an obstacle for the Office of Education to establish and operate an autonomous safety and health management system in consideration of the duty of care necessary for work. Administrative interpretation of the safety and health management system under the Occupational Safety and Health Act is largely arbitrary according to the logic of the situation, which does not conform to legal theory and safety principles, causing a lot of confusion in the operation of the safety and health management system at school sites. Not conforming to the law means that predictability and implementation are low, and not conforming to safety principles means that it is difficult to secure the effectiveness of accident prevention. In this state, even if time passes, the system and order are not established, and the chaotic state continues at a high cost, making it difficult to prevent disasters. Furthermore, safety and health officials at school sites are always exposed to the risk of law violations and punishment, which can lead to the mass production of innocent offenders. Therefore, The Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Education should address the confusion and conflict surrounding the implementation of safety and health measures at school sites and take legislative and administrative improvement measures as soon as possible.

제조업 사업장의 안전보건활동이 안전보건수준 인식에 미치는 영향

이경용(Kyung Yong Rhee) 한국사회정책학회 2011 한국사회정책 Vol.18 No.4

근로자의 건강을 보호하기 위해서는 안전보건수준을 향상시키는 것이 필요하다. 사업장의 안전보건수준은 다양한 안전보건활동을 통해서 향상될 수 있다. 사업장의 안전보건활동은 법적 규제에 대응하는 활동과 경제적 합리성에 근거해서 이루어지는 활동으로 구분될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제조업체의 다양한 안전보건활동 중에서 사업장의 안전보건수준에 대한 인식에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 활동이 무엇이며, 위험도 수준에 영향을 미치는 활동이 무엇인지를 알아보았다. 본 연구에 활용된 자료는 2009년 산업안전보건연구원이 실시한 산업안전보건동향조사 자료이며, 이 중에서 제조업체 응답 자료만 선별하여 분석에 활용하였다. 사업장의 다양한 안전보건활동을 범주화하기 위하여 요인분석을 한 결과 사업주의 일반적인 안전보건경영활동, 근로자 건강관리 활동, 화학물질 관리, 보호구 및 유해위험기계기구관리, 및 정보전달과 의사소통 등의 5개 하위 활동으로 분류되었다. 5개로 분류된 안전보건활동은 모두 사업장의 안전보건활동 수준에 대한 인식에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이 중에서 사업주의 일반적인 안전보건경영활동의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반면 위험도에 대한 인식은 5%의 유의수준에서 보호구 및 유해위험기계기구 관리만 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결국안전보건수준에 대한 인식과 위험도에 대한 인식이 서로 다른 차원으로 구성되고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 단면조사 자료를 이용하였기 때문에 인과관계에 대한 해석에 한계를 지니고 있으며, 안전보건활동의 다양성을 충분히 포괄하지 못한 제한점이 있다. In order to protect workers` health it is needed to improve the level of occupational safety and health. The level of workplace safety and health can be improved through a variety of activities of occupational safety and health. Workplace safety and health activities can be divided into two categories such as response to the legal and regulatory activities and economically rational activities for profit making. Author investigated which activities have the greatest effect on awareness of workplace safety and health levels and workplace risk level. Materials utilized for this study was data from 2009 Occupational Safety and Health Trend Survey conducted by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Using factor analysis the various activities of workplace safety and health were classified into five sub categories such as employer`s general safety and health management activities, employee health-related activities, management of chemicals, machinery protection and personal protective equipment management, and information delivery and communication. All of the activities of safety and health has had a significant impact on perceived level of workplace safety and health. Among five categories of activities, the employer`s general health and safety management showed the largest impact. Whereas awareness of risk was influenced by only activity of personal protection equipment and hazard machinery at 5% significance level. After all perceived level of health and safety and risk awareness are recognized differently by safety and health managers in workplace. This study has some limitation. Cross sectional survey data cannot be interpreted as causal relationship and surveyed activities about workplace safety and health cannot cover all kinds of activities.

산업보건 서비스기관의 정보관리체계에 대한 연구

민혜영,김규상,채영문,노재훈,한성현 大韓産業醫學會 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Objectives of Occupational Health Information System(OHIS) are to help managing workers' health and to support decision making for managers. OHIS can also be utilized support research and training in this field. While an importance of OHIS is recognized the last several years, a research in this area has not been actively carried out at present. The purpose of this study is to develop a OHIS model using a system development life cycle(SDLC) method. SDLC method consists of strategic plan, analysis systems design, and implementation of the system. Results from the study were as follows ; First, strategic plans for OHIS is divided into the three stages. The first stage is a development of information system for measuring healthy status of workers. In the second stage, the system for health screening and environmental measurement is developed and integrated with the system developed in the first stage. In the third stage, a system for accounting and reporting process will be developed. Second, according to the priorities in the strategic plans. information requirements for the healthy screening division, environmental measurement division, health service division and administrative division were analysed using Structured System Analysis methods. Third, in the system design, conceptual design for the system was performed using hierarchy input process output(HIPO), database design, system flow chart, and network design. Forth, in the system evaluation, the risk factors were analysed and their corresponding risk-reducing strategies were developed. The risk factors are lack of understanding, lack of standardization, and lack of administrative support such as budgets. The risk-reducing strategies were actively involving managers, training users, reducing workload system, and standardizing. In the future, more comprehensive and detailed design for the system should be designed to more effective support the management of the center. The performances as well as economic benefits of information system should be quantitatively evaluated.

산업보건전문기관 정보관리 시스템의 현황 분석

하은희,홍윤철,김철환,전경자,박혜숙,양미란,조희숙,이보은 대한의료정보학회 1998 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.4 No.2

사업장 산업보건 정보관리 전산화 실태조사

조희숙,하은희,홍윤철,김철환,전경자,박혜숙,Jo, Heui-Sug,Ha, Eun-Hee,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Chul-Hwan,June, Kyung-Ja,Park, Hye-Sook 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.2

In order to develop the computerized information system of occupational health management at worksite, we surveyed actual states of computer use at worksites. We used a self-administrative questionnaire to the members of Korean Association of Occupational Health Nursing(KAOHN) from July 4 to August 21 in 1997. Among the members of KAOHN, 147 members answered. The worksites where they were employed were very diverse in aspect of jobs, locations, and size. Occupational health computerized system was used at 30(20.4%) worksites among 147 respondants. When they first introduced the computerized system the most difficult problem was the lack of support of manager. The programs that they have used mainly consist of drug management, health examination management, disease management, but the program of worksite environment management have been rarely used. Most users felt that the computerized system was effective, but there were problems in connection within programs. Many worksites have plans to take or expand the computerized information system within several years. It is necessary to develop the effective and integrated occupational health computerized system.

경인지역 일부 근로자와 보건담당자의 보건관리에 대한 인식 및 태도

장성실,이세훈,Chang, Seong-Sil,Lee, Se-Hoon 대한예방의학회 1994 예방의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of workers in small scale industries on health management, and to provide the basic data for more effective service by the group occupational health service system. The knowledge and attitude of 247 workers and 46 health personnel in the industries scattered around Incheon were investigated from December 1992 to February 1993. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. There were significant differences between the workers and the health personnel by age, sex, marriage status, job-position and education level. 2. The recognition level of the workers to contract work related disease was significantly higher than that of health personnel, and recognition level of the workers on environmental hazards and on the utility of measuring hazards were lower than that of health personnel. 3. The recognition level on the content of the group occupational health service system was significantly different between workers and health personnel, 72.6% of the responses from the workers answered that they did not know what the group occupational healthe service system was, but 82.2% of the responses from the health personnel answered that they knew well what it was. And 79.0% of all respondents thought it was necessary for worker's health. 4. Seventy three percent of the respondents from the workers indicated that they had never taken health education. However, 93.0% of all respondents answered positively for the need of health education to promote their health. 5. Current health service system was judged to be insufficient for the demand of workers for better health. Most of the respondents prefered a formal but flexible health service system and they wanted the periodic health examination to be followed up. It was revealed that despite of poor knowledge, the demand of workers for health service was higher than the current supply. Therefore, this study suggests that educating both health personnel and workers to obtain correct knowledge on the hazards to work enviroment and health management is needed for effective occupational health service.

근로자 건강진단제도의 적용 확대에 관한 법적 연구: 특수형태근로종사자의 보호를 위한 관점

손미정 동아대학교 법학연구소 2024 東亞法學 Vol.- No.104

「산업안전보건법」상 근로자 건강진단은 국민으로서의 건강권 보장의 차원이라기보다는 근로능력의 유지 및 발현을 위한 전제조건으로서 건강장해를 사전적으로 차단하거나 사후적으로 제거하기 위한 노동제도로서의 의의를 가진다. 그러나 노동법 영역에서 건강진단의 목적은 국민으로서 가지는 건강권의 가치와 결코 분리될 수는 없는 것이라는 점에서, 건강진단제도의 본질은 비단 노동영역의 산업재해 예방 및 건강 보호의 취지에만 국한되는 것이 아니라 국가전반적인 노동의 질을 담보한다는 차원에서 규명되어야 한다. 지금까지 「근로기준법」상 근로자가 아닌 노무제공자의 노동법적 보호 확장의 필요성 및 방안에 대한 다양한 논의는 지속되어 왔고, 현재 그 성과는 고용보험과 산재보험 적용대상의 확대로 전개되고 있다. 이러한 사후적 노동보호제도의 확대와 맞물려 사전적 노동보호제도인 건강진단의 확대 가능성은 충분한 설득력을 가진다. 그러나 통상적인 노무계약관계에서 형성되는 사업주와 근로자의 당사자관계와는 달리, 건강진단제도는 사업주의 건강진단 실시 의무 및 근로자의 건강진단 수검 의무를 중심으로 설계되어 있다. 따라서 건강진단제도를 통한 건강권의 보장은 권리내용의 자유로운 처분이 전제되어야 한다는 점에서, 건강진단 수검 의무 부과를 전제한 제도적 포섭은 제도적용여부에 대한 선택가능성을 보장하는 방향으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 고용보험 및 산재보험과는 달리, 건강진단은 「국민건강보험법」상의 건강검진수급권의 행사를 통하여 동일한 내용의 수검 보장이 가능하다는 점에서, 전속성을 전제하는 특수형태근로종사자에 대한 건강진단제도의 포섭이 특정 사업주에 대한 건강진단 실시 의무 및 건강진단대상자에 대한 수검 의무 부과에 따른 부담을 다소 면피할 수 있는 적정한 확대범위로 생각된다. Worker health examination under the 「Occupational Safety and Health Act」 is not intended to guarantee the right to health as a citizen, but is a prerequisite for maintaining and developing working ability and is meant as a labor system to prevent or eliminate health disorders in advance. However, in the field of labor law, the purpose of health examination cannot be separated from the value of the right to health as a citizen. Accordingly the essence of health examinations is not limited to the purpose of preventing industrial accidents and protecting health in the labor area, but also to the purpose of protecting the health of the national government. And It must be investigated with a view to ensuring the overall quality of labor. Until now, various discussions have continued on the necessity and ways to expand labor legal protection for labor providers other than employees under the 「Labor Standards Act」, and the results are currently being developed through the expansion of employment insurance and industrial accident insurance coverage. In conjunction with the expansion of this labor protection system, the possibility of expanding health examinations is sufficiently persuasive. However, unlike the relationship between employers and workers formed in a typical labor contract relationship, the health examination system is designed around the employer's obligation to conduct a health examination and the worker's obligation to undergo a health examination. Therefore, in that the guarantee of the right to health through the health examination system must be premised on the free disposal of the right, institutional inclusion based on the imposition of the obligation to undergo a health examination should be done in a way that guarantees the possibility of choosing whether or not to apply the system. In addition, because health examinations of the same content are possible through the exercise of the right to receive health screening under the 「National Health Insurance Act」 unlike employment insurance and industrial accident insurance, the inclusion of the health examination system for persons in Special Types of Employment is considered to be an appropriate scope of expansion that can somewhat avoid the burden of imposing the obligation to conduct health examinations on employers and the obligation to undergo medical examinations for those subject to health examinations.

Systematizing Information Use to Address Determinants of Health Worker Health in South Africa: A Cross-sectional Mixed Method Study

Zungu Muzimkhulu,Yassi Annalee,Ramodike Jonathan,Voyi Kuku,Lockhart Karen,Jones David,Kgalamono Spo,Thunzi Nkululeko,Spiegel Jerry 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.4

Background: Recognizing that access to safe and healthy working conditions is a human right, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for specific occupational safety and health (OSH) programs for health workers (HWs). The WHO health systems’ building blocks, and the International Labour Organization (ILO), highlight the importance of information as part of effective systems. This study examined how OSH stakeholders access, use, and value an occupational health information system (OHIS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey of OSH stakeholders was conducted as part of a larger quasi experimental study in four teaching hospitals. The study hospitals and participants were purposefully selected and data collected using a modified questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. Quantitative analysis was conducted and themes identified for qualitative analysis. Ethics approval was provided by the University of Pretoria and University of British Columbia. Results: There were 71 participants comprised of hospital managers, health and safety representatives, trade unions representatives and OSH professionals. At least 42% reported poor accessibility and poor timeliness of OHIS for decision-making. Only 50% had access to computers and 27% reported poor computer skills. When existing, OHIS was poorly organized and needed upgrades, with 85% reporting the need for significant reforms. Only 45% reported use of OHIS for decision-making in their OSH role. Conclusion: Given the gap in access and utilization of information needed to protect worker’s rights to a safe and healthy workplace, more attention is warranted to OHIS development and use as well as education and training in South Africa and beyond.

미국 상위 30개 연구 중심 대학들의 실험실 환경보건안전 담당 부서 -MIT 사례를 중심으로-

안광석 ( Kwang Seog Ahn ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ),전영희 ( Young Hee Jun ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives: The objectives of this research are to examine the missions, organization, and programs of the environmental, health and safety(EHS) offices of the major research universities in the U.S.A., particularly the case of Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) EHS Office, and to suggest ways to address the EHS issues of the universities and research institutes in South Korea. Methods: The top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. were selected by the total amounts of research funds they annually received. The web sites of the 30 universities were searched to identify the names of the departments that address environment, health, and/or safety related issues, the missions of those departments, the major programs of those departments, and the number of staff in those departments. Also, a case study was conducted for the Environment Health and Safety Management System and the Environment, Health and Safety Office of the MIT, using literature and web searches and a meeting with the Director of the MIT Environment, Health and Safety Office. Results: All the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. had designated departments that dealt with EHS issues. Most of them were by the name of or similar to environmental, health and safety. The mission statements of those departments were mostly about improving the safety and health of their community members, improving the environment, and complying to EHS regulations. Most of those departments had an environmental management program, industrial hygiene program, radiation protection program, safety program, and biosafety program as their major programs. The components of the environment, health and safety management system(EHS-MS) of the MIT were examined in detail. In contrast, not many universities in South Korea had designated departments that dealt specifically with EHS issues. Also, the number of fulltime staff for EHS was only 1-2 in most of the Korean universities and their work duties included only general safety, while neglecting other health/environment related issues. Conclusions: Well organized and functioning environmental, health and safety offices were present in all of the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A., whereas similar organizations of the universities in South Korea were virtually non-existent and/or had very limited EHS activities. Therefore, in order to reduce potential risks of accidents and health problems in the Korean universities and research institutions, well established and functioning EHS-MSs and EHS offices are warranted. The case of the EHS-MS and EHS Office in the MIT demonstrate a successful case to follow.