지배적디자인 확보를 위한 공정기술혁신의 진화

이수(Su Lee),김길선(Kil Sun Kim),박진한(Jin Han Park) 한국경영학회 2014 經營學硏究 Vol.43 No.4

In this study, we examine the impact of process innovation on the determination of dominantdesign by using “The Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation” and establish the theoretical basis for the evolution of process innovation in three stages: the cost innovation stage, the process design innovation stage, and the conversion in innovation stage. Priorstudies on dominant design discussed issues limited to aspects of the product itself or product technology innovation. However, in this study we analyze patterns of process technology innovation generated in the course of creating dominant designs with the Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation to present a concept of dominant design that could be applied to the process and process technology behind the products. In process technology innovation, there is an evolution consisting of some characteristic stages occurring after the initial setup of the process system. These stages in the evolution of process technology innovation include: 1) the cost innovation stage, 2) the process design innovation stage, and 3) the conversion in innovation stage. Initial innovation of process technology consists mainly of innovations for cost reduction. The innovation of process design stage, that can divide or reconfigure the process, occurs after accumulating experience and understanding of the corresponding process. In this stage the capability to change process structure by employing the module concept, and the capability to conduct the integrated control of changing the whole process are required. Finally, the advanced capability of process technology innovation that can create a new product concept through integrating and/or fusing associated processes with the knowledge and capabilities of the original process can be implemented. In this study, using the process technology innovation in the shipbuilding industry enabled the collection of feasible data and information to examine and understand the progress of process technology innovation and analyze the relationship between process technology and dominant design. The Korean shipbuilding industry currently has the dominant position globally, along with its products embodying dominant designs, such as oil tankers (in the early days), bulkcarriers, container ships, LNG carriers, ultra large container ships, and the high value added offshore plants. Each product competed with products from other suppliers in Europe, Japan, and China. Based on its superior process technology, the Korean shipbuilding industry attained the largest portion of the global market. This allowed us quite pertinent data and information for the empirical analysis of the relationship between process technology and dominant design. The contributions of the ‘Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation’ presented in this study are as follows: First, it shows that the addition of the concept of process design to the concept of dominant design, which had previously been studied mainly in terms of productdesign, is valuable. Second, it provided us with the theoretical framework to explore processinnovation, which has been insufficiently studied when compared with product innovation. Italso complemented the limitations of the Product/Process Innovation Model presented by Utter back & Abernathy (1975) and Abernathy & Utter back (1978). The previous model of product/processinnovation assumed that process innovation followed product innovation. However, this study shows the basis for the model presented, and the product-process-product sequence that integrates and fuses the process innovations and associated process technologies that could lead to theintroduction of a new product. Finally, the capability of process technology innovation that enabled process re-design through a comprehensive understanding of products and production processes beyond cost competitiveness, and provided the integration/fusion of associated processes along with integrated

근로자 제안과 공정혁신: 성과배분의 조절효과

나인강,김동배 피터드러커 소사이어티 2022 창조와 혁신 Vol.15 No.4

"Process innovation means the introduction of new elements into a firm’s production or service operation to produce a product or render a service with the aim of achieving lower costs and/or higher product or service quality. Process innovations require implicit knowledge and mainly rely on information from internal sources and suppliers. As a formalized mechanism that encourage employees to contribute their know-how or private knowledge for improving the organization in which they work, employee suggestion scheme can play a key role in process innovation which require implicit knowledge. As a credible commitment on the part of the firms to share the gains from process innovation with their employees, profit-sharing can promote process innovation by interests alignment between employer and employees regarding process innovation. Using the 2019 Workplace Panel Survey(WPS) by Korea Labor Institute, this study investigates the effects of employee suggestion scheme on the process innovation and the moderating role of profit sharing on the relationship between employee suggestion scheme on the process innovation. The estimation results show that the firms with employee suggestion scheme have a 12.4%p higher probability of adopting process innovation than the firms without employee suggestion scheme, and firms with profit sharing plan have a 4%p higher probability of adopting process innovation than the firms without profit sharing plan, and firms with both employee suggestion scheme and profit sharing plan have a 6.8%p higher likelihood of adopting process innovation than their counterparts. " 일부 집단이 혁신을 전담하는 것이 아니라 전체 직원의 참여가 중요해지는 오픈이노베이션 시대에 근로자 제안제도는 전체 직원을 혁신에 참여시키는 유용한 관리 도구로 기능할 수 있다. 경영성과를 구성원과 공유하겠다는 경영자의 약속 장치인 성과배분제는 혁신을 둘러싼 기업과 직원 간의 이해 상충이나 갈등을 완화하거나 해소함으로써 혁신을 촉진하는 역할을 수행하는데, 성과배분제의 이러한 기능은 근로자 제안과 공정혁신의 관계를 조절하는 역할을 수행할 수 있다. 한국노동연구원의 2019년 사업체패널조사 자료를 사용하여 분석한 결과 제안제도가 있으면 공정혁신이 이루어질 확률이 14.7% 더 증가하고 성과배분제도가 있는 경우 공정혁신이 이루어질 확률이 6.8% 더 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 제안제도와 성과배분제의 교호항을 투입한 모형에서는 제안제도와 성과배분제는 공정혁신이 이루어질 확률을 12.4%와 4%씩 각각 증가시키고 제안제도와 성과배분제의 교호항은 공정혁신이 이루어질 확률을 6.8% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 근로자 제안과 공정혁신의 관계를 성과배분제가 정(+)적으로 조절할 것이라는 본 연구의 가설을 지지한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 이론적 및 실무적 함의와 연구의 한계를 지적하고 추후 과제를 제시하였다.

혁신유인형 인사시스템이 팀 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향 : 팀 창의적 과정의 매개효과를 중심으로

박종욱,김성수,이용진 한국인사·조직학회 2015 인사조직연구 Vol.23 No.2

최근 고성과 작업시스템 연구들을 살펴보면 크게 두 가지 현상이 두드러진다. 첫째, 고성과 작업시스템의 개념상의 모호성에 대한 지적에 따라 구체적인 전략적 방향성을 인사 시스템에 접목시키려는 노력이다. 둘째, 동일하게 적용된 인사제도라 하더라도 실제 실행 패턴 혹은 강도가 팀 수준에서 상이할 가능성에 대한 인식이다. 이에 따라, 최근 다수의 연구들이 조직 내 수준(예: 팀, 유닛)에서 고성과 작업시스템을 측정하고 있다. 문헌 조사 결과, 이와 같은 연구 주제에 대해 구체적으로 논의하려는 국내 연구는 상대적으로 미흡했던 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고성과 작업시스템에 혁신 행동을 배태시킨 혁신유인형 인사시스템이라는 개념을 개발하고, 이를 팀 수준에서 적용하였다. 또한, 인사제도는 구성원의 역량과 동기 수준을 향상시켜 바람직한 역할 행동을 촉진하고 궁극적으로는 조직 성과에 유의미한 여향을 미친다는 행동주의적 관점을 채택하여, 혁신유인형 인사시스템은 팀의 혁신 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 보았다. 아울러, 팀 내 창의적 과정이 혁신유인형 인사시스템과 팀 혁신 성과 간의 관계를 매개할 것으로 예측하였다. 국내 준공기업에 근무하는 구성원으로부터 수집한 총 27개 팀 212건의 자료를 팀 수준에서 분석한 결과 혁신유인형 인사시스템은 창의적 과정 및 혁신 성과와 유의미한 정적 관계를 보였으며, 창의적 과정이 인사시스템-성과 간의 관계를 완전 매개함을 나타내었다. 추가적으로 본 연구에서는 개발한 혁신유인형 인사시스템과 일반적인 고성과 작업시스템의 효과성 크기를 비교하고자 하였다. 흥미롭게도, 고성과 작업시스템은 창의적 과정뿐만 아니라 혁신 성과와 어떠한 유의미한 관계를 보여주지 못했다. 이는 구체적인 전략적 방향성과 밀접하게 연계된 인사제도를 설계하는 것이 기업의 목표달성에 중요함을 제시한다고 보인다. 이와 같은 결과가 내포하는 이론적, 실무적 함의와 본 연구의 한계점 그리고 향후 연구방향을 논의하였다. Innovation has increasingly been recognized as the quintessential element in the survival and success of an organization in today’s fast-paced business environment. In the pursuit of innovation, effective teamwork has been acknowledged to play a pivotal role. For this reason, organizing work around teams has been widely used by organizations to achieve their strategic goals. The advent of work groups within a company has two major avenues of inquiry in strategic human resource management (SHRM) research: 1) the possible existence of within-organization variability in the implementation of HR practices; and 2) the effects of HRM systems on team processes and subsequent team performance. In addition, the conceptual ambiguity of general HPWS has raised concern among SHRM researchers that the mechanisms through which HPWS leads to certain organization outcomes is at best unclear. Hence, we have witnessed several attempts to embed specific strategic direction in general HRM systems. In response to the above issues, our current study intends to conceptualize a team-level HRM system by integrating the discussion on variability within an organization and the theory of a shared unit climate. We also attempt to develop an innovation-inducing HRM system that embeds innovative behaviors in an ability-motivation-opportunity model of HRM. We propose that an innovation-inducing HRM system would positively affect team innovation performance and that team creative processes would mediate the relationship between the two. We draw on behavioral perspectives as well as the input-process-outcome framework to provide the theoretical rationale. We argue that an innovation-inducing HRM system would be closely associated with team innovation performance because it not only promotes innovation-related role behaviors but also develops relevant skills and competencies in the employees. We also contend that policy intervention (i.e. HR practices) has a positive influence on innovation performance by engendering creative processes within a team. Therefore, the research questions to which we attempt to provide answers in this research are, “Is it empirically appropriate to conceptualize an innovationinducing HRM system at the team level?”and, “If so, what impact does an innovation-inducing HRM system have for teams?” Additionally, we ask, “Is there any difference in effect size between general HPWS and an innovation-inducing HRM system?” We tested our hypotheses with a 27 team survey data gathered from a Korean public organization (n = 212). First, we justified the innovation-inducing HRM system at the team level with ICC (1), ICC (2), and . We then found that the innovation- inducing HRM system had a significant positive relationship with both team innovation performance and team creative processes. As predicted, our results suggested that team creative processes fully mediate the relationship between an innovation-inducing HRM system and team innovation performance. Interestingly, the effects of general HPWS were found to be insignificant for both team innovation performance and team creative processes. This result indicates the importance of designing HR practices that align with a specific strategic direction in order to achieve organizational goals. Our current study contributes to the existing SHRM literature in several ways. First, we have provided partial evidence of a teamlevel HRM system, which has been discussed conceptually in the literature. Second, we not only proposed an innovation-inducing HRM system but also clarified the mechanisms through which it affects team processes and outcomes. Third, we compared the effect size of the innovation-inducing HRM system and that of HPWS, finding that the innovation-inducing HRM system outperforms general HPWS in predicting team creative processes and innovation performance.

외식 프랜차이즈 가맹점주의 기업가적 지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향: 프로세스 혁신의 매개효과

김창봉,박대일 대한경영학회 2023 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

The rapidly changing market environment and persistent economic downturn require a paradigm shift in the business model of restaurant franchises. However, franchise outlets in the restaurant industry face limitations as they operate based on the management processes provided by the franchisors, such as distribution, marketing, and training. In such circumstances, franchisees have the opportunity to overcome the constrained market environment and improve their performance by transitioning to their own optimized management processes. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on process innovation and its mediating effect on franchisee performance. Specifically, we develop measurement factors for entrepreneurial orientation based on prior research, investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on process innovation within franchise outlets, and explore the influence of process innovation on franchisee performance. Furthermore, we examine the mediating effect of process innovation on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and franchisee performance. To achieve these research objectives, we designed variables and hypotheses based on previous studies and constructed a survey questionnaire focusing on the measurement factors. The survey targeted franchise outlets in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions, encompassing various types of cuisine, including Korean, fast food, coffee, bakery, and chicken franchises. The survey was conducted from January 10, 2023, to March 8, 2023. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, and 222 responses were collected. After removing unreliable responses, 186 valid questionnaires were used for structural equation modeling analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, entrepreneurial innovativeness and risk-taking propensity of restaurant franchisees positively influenced process innovation, while proactiveness did not have a significant impact. Second, process innovation within restaurant franchises had a positive effect on franchisee performance. Thirdl, innovativeness and risk-taking propensity indirectly influenced franchisee performance through process innovation. Based on the research findings, we provide both academic contribution and practical implications. From an academic perspective, this study contributes by identifying the entrepreneurial orientation of small-scale restaurant franchisees and demonstrating the positive impact of process innovation on franchisee performance. Additionally, the mediating effect of process innovation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and franchisee performance is highlighted. From a practical standpoint, this study emphasizes the importance of efforts and attention from franchisees in managing restaurant franchises and highlights the significance of assessing local market conditions for franchise management by the franchisors. Moreover, it underscores the need for government support in entrepreneurship education and consulting services related to entrepreneurial orientation.

ICT산업에서 기술혁신과 생산성

신범철 ( Beom Cheol Cin ),이영석 ( Young Seok Lee ) 한국생산성학회 2018 生産性論集 Vol.32 No.2

The advent of the 4^th industrial revolution through technological innovations such as block chain, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, and artificial intelligence makes expectations and concerns as well. On the one hand, the fourth industrial revolution can cause increasing returns to scale of firms, productivity enhancement and thus economic growth. If technological innovation is complementary to labor, it can result in productivity improvement and create high value-added new products. On the other hand, there are increasing concerns that technological innovation could displace jobs by machines and eventually cause the disappearance of jobs. Technological innovations in the ICT industry may play an essential role in the 4^th industrial revolution. Nonetheless, there are not many studies on productivity effects of the innovation activities in the ICT firms. This paper empirically examines the effects of new product innovation and production procedure innovation on productivity in the ICT firms using the 2011 Korean Service Innovation Survey data. In estimating the effects of innovation on labor productivity in the ICT industries, it controls for simultaneity and inconsistency of the innovation variables. Main empirical results are as follows. First, the exogeneity hypothesis of both new service innovation and production process innovation is rejected respectively, meaning that estimation by the simple OLS estimation can produce biased results. Thus, an expansion of innovation activities leads to an increase in labor productivity in the ICT firms and the other way around. Second, all R&D expenditure variables in the ICT firms except SMEs are also found to be statistically significant, implying that R&D investment is main sources of ICT firms’competitiveness and an important factor of firm growth. Third, the labor productivity of the ICT firms is found to be have positive association with process innovation. This means that labor productivity and production efficiency can be improves mainly due to process innovation. However, service innovation has negative association with labor productivity in the ICT service industry. This result is consistent with Hong et al.(2003) and Jung(2011) in that productivity performance in service sector is not that good. Finally, for all non-ICT firms, either large or small, process innovation has the positive effects on labor productivity, implying that process innovation should play an essential role in improvement of productivity efficiency in the service industry.

공정혁신과 제품혁신이 고용구조와 경제성장에 미치는 영향

정성문,곽기현,여영준 한국혁신학회 2017 한국혁신학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Recently, the emergence of artificial intelligence and robot have reignited the debate on the relationship between innovation and employment. However, the issue between innovation and employment, which has recently been raised, is focused only on process innovation. While the labor-saving innovation such as process innovation is one aspect of the innovation, but labor-friendly innovation such as product innovation is another aspect of the innovation. Therefore, the impact of innovation on employment and growth should be viewed as direct effects as well as indirect effects. In this paper, we tried to examine how the two aspects of innovation - process innovation and product innovation - affect the employment structure and economic growth by using the knowledge-based CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, considering the characteristics of process innovation only, additional input of knowledge capital occurs that skill-biased technological and capital-biased technology change. However, if both the characteristics of process innovation and product innovation are reflected, the input of additional knowledge capital has a positive effect on employment growth and economic growth. However, economic growth through innovation still results in skill-biased technological change and capital-biased technological change, resulting in increased polarization. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome these problems for sustainable growth. 최근 들어 인공지능과 로봇의 등장으로 인해 혁신과 고용 사이의 상관관계에 대한 논쟁이 다시 치열해지고 있다. 하지만 최근에 제기되고 있는 혁신과 고용간의 문제는 공정혁신 측면에만 치중되어 있다. 혁신은 공정혁신과 같은 노동 절약적 혁신도 있지만, 제품혁신과 같은 노동 친화적 혁신도 존재한다. 따라서 혁신이 고용과 성장에 미치는 영향은 직접적인 효과와 더불어 간접적인 효과도 같이 살펴보아야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지식기반 연산일반균형모형을 이용하여 혁신의 두 가지 측면인 공정혁신과 제품혁신이 고용구조와 경제성장에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 결과를 정리해보면 다음과 같다. 우선 공정혁신의 특성만을 고려할 경우 추가적인 지식자본의 투입은 숙련편향적 기술변화와 자본편향적 기술변화를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공정혁신의 특성과 제품혁신의 특성을 모두 반영해준 경우 추가적인 지식자본의 투입은 고용이 증가하고 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 혁신을 통한 경제성장은 여전히 숙련편향적 기술변화와 자본편향적 기술변화을 일으키고, 이로 인해 양극화가 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지속가능한 성장을 위해서는 이러한 문제점들을 보완할 필요가 있다.

Innovation Types and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Firms

Keun Jae Lee,Sang Mok Kang 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2007 Global economic review Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to investigate productivity growth according to three types of innovation: product innovation, product improvement, and process innovation, using firm-level data from the Korea Innovation Survey 2002 about Korean manufacturing companies. This study is conducted in two steps. The first step measures firm-level Malmquist productivity index by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The second step estimates econometric regression models by weighted least square utilizing the productivity index as a dependent variable and each of the innovation types and other characteristics of firms as independent variables. The empirical results partly support the idea that the types of innovation matter in productivity growth. Specifically, process innovation may result in higher productivity performance than product innovation in the short run. This result stems from the difference in efficiency growth when productivity growth is decomposed into two components: efficiency growth and technical growth. That is, product innovation by definition involves product development and radical innovation and so, it can deteriorate efficiency growth relative to other types of innovation due to the process of product development and the adjustments that are needed to new innovations whereas process innovation is implemented to reduce defects, lead time, costs and other factors, and as such is very efficiency orientated. Consequently it helps improve efficiency growth.

외국인 직접투자(In-bound FDI)가 국내 기업 혁신에 미치는 영향: 조직 학습 관점의 매개효과를 기반으로

김주희,남대일,정지혜 한국벤처창업학회 2016 벤처창업연구 Vol.11 No.4

FDI has been considered as a source of competitive advantage by bringing scientific and technological innovation capabilities to domestic firms via organizational learning. Acquiring knowledge and technology by learning accelerates firms to be innovative. In the way of innovation, firms seek for innovation as a whole but innovation can be clarified as two different parts, product and process innovation. Different from product and process innovation, organizational innovation is not directly related to productivity or outcome but it is closely related to product and process innovations. As a kind of firm innovation, organizational innovation may be considered as preceding product and process innovation and it may positively mediate the relationship between in-bound FDI and firms’ product and process innovations. In this paper, the relationship between FDI and product and process innovation will be explained by organizational learning and the way of organizational innovation affects to the relationship will be examined. 본 연구는 FDI 비율과 국내 기업의 혁신에 미치는 영향을 조직 학습 관점을 기반으로 실증 분석하였다. FDI 비율과 혁신에 대한 기존의 연구는 기업 혁신에 대한 분류가 모호하였기 때문에 상반된 연구결과들이 존재하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제품 혁신과 공정 혁신으로 나누어서 FDI 비율과 혁신간의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 이들 관계에 대한 이해를 보다 깊이 하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 FDI 비율이 국내 기업의 제품·공정 혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 보고, 이들의 관계를 조직 혁신이 어떻게 매개하는 지를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, STEPI에서 제공하고 있는 2010년·2012년 제조업 분야의 기업 데이터와 산업자원통상부의 FDI 데이터, 그리고 NICE 신용평가원(Kis Value)의 기업재무자료를 결합하여 실증 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 FDI 비율은 국내 기업의 제품 혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 FDI 비율과 제품 혁신 간의 관계에 대하여 조직 혁신이 매개 효과를 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

국내 이노비즈 인증 중소기업의 기술혁신 역량이 경영성과(재무/수출)에 미치는 영향

정병철,최순권 한국경영컨설팅학회 2020 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this research is to find out the effects of technology Capability of SME certified Korean government as Inno-biz on management performance. Especially we choose “SME certified as Inno-biz” as a sample instead of general SME, because we want to investigate the effect of technology innovation capability of SME on management performance more clearly. In order to achieve this research purpose, we classified technology innovation as two group, such as product innovation and process innovation. And then, product innovation is classified with new product development and existed product improvement, and process innovation through adoption of new equipment, improvement of software, and improvement of supply method(logistics). Hypothesis on the relationship between these innovation capability and management performance is tested with the 92 SME certified as Inno-biz. The results of analysis are like below. Firstly, sub-factors of process innovation capability of certified SME have significant effects to management performance. Especially, process innovation by new equipment adoption and software improvement has significant effect to both management performance, such as financial and export performance. It means that process innovation contribute to increase their productivity, price competitiveness, and cost reduction of SME, and then it affects to the management performance. Secondly, certified SME of sample group showed that level of product innovation capability has no significant effects on its both management performance. It probably means that product innovation efforts of SME could not bring about the improvement of management performance. 본 연구는 국내 혁신형 중소기업(이노비즈 인증기업)의 기술혁신 역량이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 특히, 일반적인 중소기업을 조사 대상으로 하기보다는 기술혁신 중심기업으로 인정받은 이노비즈 인증 중소기업을 선택함으로써, 국내 중소기업의 기술혁신 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 더 명확하게 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중소기업의 기술혁신 역량을 제품혁신과 공정혁신으로 분류하고, 제품혁신 역량은 신제품 개발 과 기존제품 개선으로, 공정혁신 역량은 신설비 도입, 소프트웨어 개선, 그리고 납품(물류)방식의 개선을 통한 혁신역량으로 구분하였다. 이러한 혁신역량이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설은 92개 이노비즈 인증기업을 대상으로 실증 분석이 이루어졌다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 이노비즈 인증기업의 기술혁신 중, 공정혁신의 하부 요인들이 경영성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 신설비 도입을 통한 그리고 소프트웨어 개선을 통한 공정혁신은 중소기업의 재무적 성과와 수출 성과에 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 조사대상 기업들이 공정혁신으로 원가절감, 생산성 증대, 그리고 가격경쟁력 향상 등을 통해 경영성과를 높이는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 본 설문조사 참여 이노비즈 인증기업들의 제품혁신 역량은 경영성과에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 이노비즈 인증기업의 제품혁신이 매출액 증대나 국제경쟁력 향상 등 경영성과로 연결되지는 못하고 있음을 보여 주는 결과이다.

기술혁신과 조직혁신이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 두 혁신유형의 보완적 효과를 중심으로

문창호 ( Chang-ho Moon ) 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2020 기업경영리뷰 Vol.11 No.1

혁신은 여러 학문 분야에서 가장 인기 있는 연구주제 중의 하나이고 혁신연구는 주로 기술적인 측면에 초점을 맞추어왔다. 전형적으로 제품혁신 및 공정 혁신을 가리키는 기술혁신은 기업의 경쟁력과 성과를 향상시키는 데에 주요한 요인으로 간주되어 왔다. 반면, 많은 경영관리 및 조직 연구자들이 기업의 기술혁신을 성공적으로 수행하는 데에 조직혁신이 종종 필요하다고 강조하지만, 조직혁신에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 편이다. 연구자나 경영실무자 모두에게 특별히 관심 있는 한 중요한 이슈는 기술혁신과 조직혁신이 기업의 성과를 향상시키는 데에 상호 보완적인 관계를 하는 지의 여부이다. 경영관리 및 기술경영 학자들은 두 혁신유형의 보완적인 효과의 중요성을 제시하지만, 그 두 혁신의 결합 효과가 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 분석은 제한적으로 이루어져 왔다. 혁신에 관한 기존의 연구의 그러한 미비점과 결함을 메우기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 국내 과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)이 시행하고 출간한 2014년 한국기술혁신조사-제조부문의 자료와 이 조사에 응답한 기업들에 대한 추가적인 재무성과 자료를 기반으로, 제품혁신과 공정혁신으로 구성되는 기술혁신, 조직혁신 및 기업성과 사이의 관계를 나타내는 대안의 모델들과 가설들을 제시하고 이를 실증 분석하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 기술혁신과 조직혁신 사이의 매개 관계와 상호작용 관계를 포함하는 보완적인 효과가 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데에 초점을 맞추었다. 실증 분석결과, 조직혁신이 기업성과 향상에 중심적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났고 기술혁신을 구성하는 제품혁신과 공정혁신이 각각 조직혁신과 서로 다른 형태의 매개관계를 통하여 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 제품혁신은 기업성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않고 조직혁신의 완전매개를 통하여 기업성과에 긍정정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 공정혁신은 기업성과에 직접적인 성과에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 조직혁신의 부분매개를 통하여서도 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 또한, 기술혁신과 조직혁신의 상호작용 효과는 기업성과에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 분석의 결과에서 제시하는 이론적 및 실무적 시사점이 논의되었다. Innovation is one of the most popular research topics in diverse academic fields and the study of innovation has primarily focused on technological aspects. Technological innovation, typically referring to product and process innovations, has been viewed as a key factor in boosting up a firm’s competitiveness and performance. By contrast, research on organizational innovation has been relatively scant, although many management and organizational researchers emphasize that the relevant introduction of organizational innovation is often necessary to successfully implement a firm’s technological innovation. A critical issue of particular interest to both academic researchers and managerial practitioners is whether technological and organizational innovations complement each other in promoting a firm’s performance. While management and technology scholars point out the importance of the complementary or synergistic effects of both types of innovation, empirical investigation of their combined effects on firm performance has been conducted in a limited way. In an effort to fill up such deficiencies or gaps in prior research on innovation, this research suggested and empirically examined alternative theoretical models and hypotheses representing the relationships among technological innovation, organizational innovation and firm performance based on data from the 2014 version of Korea Innovation Survey-Manufacturing Sector and additional financial data provided by the Science and Technology Policy Institute(STEPI) in Korea. Especially, this research focused on investigating the performance effects of two forms of complementarity, that is, mediation and interaction between technological innovation and organizational innovation. The results of analysis showed that organizational innovation played a central role in enhancing firm performance and that product innovation and process innovation making up technological innovation affected firm performance respectively through different types of mediation of organizational innovation. Product innovation did not directly affect firm performance but positively influenced firm performance through the complete mediation of organizational innovation. On the other hand, process innovation directly and positively affected firm performance. Furthermore, process innovation promoted firm performance through the partial mediation of organizational innovation. It was also found out that the interactive effects between technological innovation and organizational innovation did not affect firm performance. Theoretical and managerial implications for the results of this research were further discussed.