Blood-Brain Barrier Experiments with Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and an Immunohistochemical Study

Park, Jun-Woo,Kim, Hak-Jin,Song, Geun-Sung,Han, Hyung-Soo The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.3

Objective : The purpose of study was to evaluate the feasibility of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of the rat obtained using a 1.5T MR machine in several blood-brain barrier (BBB) experiments. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. MR images were obtained using a clinical 1.5T MR machine. A microcatheter was introduced via the femoral artery to the carotid artery. Normal saline (group 1, n = 4), clotted autologous blood (group 2, n = 4), triolein emulsion (group 3, n = 4), and oleic acid emulsion (group 4, n = 4) were infused into the carotid artery through a microcatheter. Conventional and diffusion-weighted images, the apparent coefficient map, perfusion-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced MR images were obtained. Brain tissue was obtained and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed in group 2. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran images and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) studies were performed in group 4. Results : The MR images in group 1 were of good quality. The MR images in group 2 revealed typical findings of acute cerebral infarction. Perfusion defects were noted on the perfusion-weighted images. The MR images in group 3 showed vasogenic edema and contrast enhancement, representing vascular damage. The rats in group 4 had vasogenic edema on the MR images and leakage of dextran on the FITC-labeled dextran image, representing increased vascular permeability. The immune reaction was decreased on the EBA study. Conclusion : Clinical 1.5T MR images using a rat depicted many informative results in the present study. These results can be used in further researches of the BBB using combined clinical MR machines and immunohistochemical examinations.

림프절외 비호지킨 림프종의 면역병리학적 연구

김윤화,이주희,양문호 경희대학교 1992 慶熙醫學 Vol.8 No.4

후지체공 흰쥐에서 가자미근과 내측비복근의 기계적 특성 및 MHC 단백질의 변화

이재효,이문영,이성호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2002 圓光醫科學 Vol.17 No.1

The present study was designed to evaluate the changes of mechanical properties of contraction and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein in the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles following hindlimb suspension in rats. After 14 days of hindlimb suspension, contraction time, half relaxation time, maximum twitch tension, maximum tetanic tension and fatigue index were measured in the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles, also MHC was measured in those muscles by means of immunohistochemical study. Body weight and muscle weight were decreased significantly in hindlimb suspended rats. In hindlimb suspended rats, mechanical properties including contraction time, half relaxation time, maximum twitch tension and maximum tetanic tension were decreased significantly and muscle fatigue was increased, which was more prominent in the soleus muscle than the gastrocnemius muscle. MHC type Ⅰ was decreased significantly and MHC type Ⅱx which was not observed in control was increased in the soleus muscle following hindlimb suspension, which represented that the slow muscle fibers converted to the fast muscles fibers. In the medial gastrocnemius muscle following hindlimb suspension, MHC type Ⅰ and type Ⅱx were decreased significantly and MHC type Ⅱb was increased significantly. These results suggest that MHC of the slow muscle fibers converted to MHC of the fast muscle fibers during hindlimb suspension, which was corresponded to changes of mechanical properties of contraction.

관골궁에 발생한 연골점액양 섬유종 : 면역조직화학적 연구

이재훈 대한구강악안면병리학회 2006 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.30 No.4

An extremely rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the zygomatic arch in a 65-year-old woman is presented. Block resection and immediate reconstruction were done with calvarial bone with fixed with microplate and screws through the hemicoronal approach. Follow-up studies have shown no tumor recurrence for 7 years. Also, we carried out an immunohistochemical study. The results showed positive S-100 and vimentin staining, while showing only very weak staining for NSE. The Ki-67 staining study showed a PI-index of only 0.67%.

위의 상피성 종양에서 p53 암억제 유전자 및 EB 바이러스 RNA의 발현에 관한 연구

원치규,이중달 한양대학교 의과대학 1996 한양의대 학술지 Vol.16 No.2

Background: Mutant p53 gene and Epstein-Barr virus genome (EBER) are expressed in adenocarcinoma cells of the stomach, and their biologic significance involving in gastric carcinogenesis is evaluated. Method: A variety of precancerous and cancerous lesions including intestinal metaplasia(three cases), dysplasia(four cases), adenoma(three cases) and adenocarcinoma(11 cases) were investigated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Immunohistochemical reaction using monoclonal antibody for p53 gene and in situ hybridization using anti-sense probe for EBER were studied. Results: One of three adenomas and two of 11 adenocarcinomas expressed the p53, and EBER were expressed in one of 11 adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: Relaiton between their overexpression and histologic type of gastric adenocarcinomas was not found. Since the p53 and EBER wer overexpressed in different cases, their cooperative action involving gastric carcinogenesis was believed to be not present.

선양낭성암종(Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma)에서의 Glycosaminoglycan의 발현에 관한 연구

손창원(Chang-Won Son),김경욱(Kyung-Wook Kim),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2004 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-㎛ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

중이 진주종에서 랑게르한스 세포 및 림프구의 분포에 관한 면역 조직학적 연구

박영균,김성현,이준환,최봉남,이도용,도남용,김용기 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.2

The clinical significance of the middle ear cholesteatoma lies in its association with progressive bone destruction which requires major middle ear surgery for eradication of the pathological lesion. The exact pathogenesis of this disease is still to some extent unknown. Recent advances in immunology have opened a new approach to investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma by the immunohistochemical technique. The aim of this study was to measure the number of Langerhans' cells and T lymphocytes in the middle ear cholesteatoma through the immunohistochemical technique and to compare them with those in retroauricular skin. The authors used an immunohistochemical method to verify the distribution of the Langerhans' cell in choesteatomatous tissues and the existence of other immunologically active T lymphocytes, using ABC technique for cholesteatomatous tissue and retroauricular skin. The results showed that active immunological processes including the recruitment of Langerhans' cell were present in the cholesteatomatous tissue and the Langerhans' cells in choesteatoma increased compared to those in the retroauricular skin. It was also suggested that Langerhans's cell and lymphocytes should play important roles in maintaining chronic inflammatory reaction in the natural course of cholesteatoma and the process of bone destruction.

타액선 다형성 선종에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

유승주,김상윤,김성학,이봉재,추광철,성경제 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1993 임상이비인후과 Vol.4 No.1

치성 각화낭종의 면역조직화학적 연구

이상구,이재훈,김철환 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2004 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.26 No.5

The odontogenic keratocyst(OKC) represents approximately 11% of odontogenic cysts and is decided by microscopic & histopathologic determinant rather than by clinical appearance. The OKC is noted for its capacity to recur after treatment. In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of recurrent OKCs and non-recurrent OKCs after cyst enucleation were examined .The PCNA, Ki-67 and cytokeratin (low molecular weight & high molecular weight) antibody staining were used. The obtained results were as follows.In proliferating rate of Non-recurrent OKCs and recurrent OKCs using PCNA and Ki-67 staining, There was not significant difference. the positive reaction rates of PCNA and Ki-67 staining were higher in inflamed case than in non-inflamed case. in cytokeratin (low molecular weight) staining, unspecific pattern & low-grade positive reaction were showed both non-recurrent OKCs and recurrent OKCs. tn cytokeratin (high molecular weight) staining of non-recurrent OKCs, the unspecific pattern & low-grade positive reaction has shown. but, in recurrent OKCs, the strong positive reaction in basal third of epithelium has shown.From the above results, it was suggested that the recurrence of OKCs was not related to proliferating rate, which is influenced by inflammation or surrounding environments and differential rate of basal third influenced recurrent rate.

실험적으로 유도된 중이 진주종에서 TM (Thrombomodulin)의 발현에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

박기현,박홍준,이진석,엄주현 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.11