하악각 축소술의 문제점과 개선책

이성수,이원재,박병윤 대한성형외과학회 2002 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.29 No.5

In general, orientals have a round and broad facial contour. In case of females with prominent mandible angles, the facial contour may look very square-like and unnatural with a masculine image. Recently, due to western aesthetic standards, there tends to be an increase of mandible angle reductions for an oval shaped face. The two methods for mandible angle reduction are curved horizontal ostectomy and angle splitting ostectomy depending on the layer of bone excision. The curved horizontal method may improve the lateral view of the patient but limited improvement is shown on the frontal view due to the lack of reduction of the mandible bone width. The angle splitting ostectomy improves the frontal view by decreasing the mandible bone width but there is limited change on the lateral view due to minimal change of the mandible angle contour. Currently, there are no specific protocols to determine the ideal operation methods for patients with prominent mandible angles.The authors measured the degree of mandible angles of 35 patients with prominent mandible angles and divided them into 3 types; severe<105, moderate 105-125, mild>125. Patients with severe type angles showed best results with both operations combined due to not just the prominence of the angle but the width of the mandible bone. Patients with mild type angles obtained satisfactory results only with angle splitting ostectomy because they could have a natural lateral view. In case of moderate type angles, patients with angles closer to 105 should undergo curved horizontal ostectomy and those with angles closer to 125 should be operated with angle splitting ostectomy for satisfactory results.

한국 정상 젊은 남성에서의 거골-제 1 중족골간 각과 거골 수평각 및 종골 경사각

이영구,임수재,이상혁,박찬호,이상헌,Lee, Young-Koo,Yim, Soo-Jae,Lee, Sang-Hyok,Park, Chan-Ho,Lee, Sang-Hun 대한족부족관절학회 2010 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the normal angles of the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle for diagnosis of foot deformity in Korea. This would be helpful as it would provide a basic angular measurement of flat and cavus foot that indicates the need for operation. Materials and Methods: Within a period of four months from January 2007 to April 2007, We have established 600 feet of 300 males without trauma history of foot. The source to image distance is 40 inches and erect weight bearing radiographs are obtained in anteroposterior and lateral projections. The significant angular measurements that define flat or cavus foot are the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle. Results: The mean age was 21 years (19-22 years) old. The mean talus-1st metatarsal angle was $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, the mean talo-horizontal angle was $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and the mean calcaneal pitch angle was $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$. Conclusion: We can consider that mean talus-1st metatarsal angle, talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle are $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$ as an normal angle limit of young age in Korea.

하악전돌증환자의 악교정수술후 하악각변화에 관한 임상적 분석

권영호,장현중,이상한 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Predictional study for lateral change between pre- and post-orthognathic surgery has been emphasized mainly on anterior area of lateral profile ; upper lip, lower lip and chin et al. So interest for lateral profile change has been less in posterior area of lateral profile and literature analyzing gonial angle change is rare. The purpose of this study is to make prediction for gonial angle change possible and to offer somewhat treatment guidance for gonial angle to be improved by investigating overall gonial angle change between pre- and post-orthognathic surgery and inquiring into factors influencing on pattern of genial angle change. For this study 35 patients were selected retrospectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in just pre-op time, pod 1 day, pod 1 year. They were analyzed and genial angles were measured. The results were as follows : 1.Gonial angle at pod 1 day was decreased about 9.3˚than pre-op and gonial angle at pod 1 year was increased about 4.0˚than pod 1 day. So genial angle at pod 1 year was decreased about 5.3˚than pre-op genial angle(p<0.01). 2.Mean pre-op gonial angle was 129.4˚, showing significantly high value than normal and mean gonial angle at pod 1 year was 124.1˚, showing value near to normal. 3.Mean gonial angle change between pre-op and pod 1 year was decreased about 5.4˚ in female and 5.3˚ in male. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female(p>0.05). 4.Principal factor influencing on decreased gonial angle in gonial angle change between pre-op and pod 1 year was amount of mandibular setback. 5.Principal factor influencing on increased gonial angle in gonial angle change between pod 1 day and pod 1 year was % horizontal relapse, and it was thought that resorption and bone remodelling on posterior area in mandibular distal segment also were related to increased gonial angle. 6.It is thought that sagittal split ramus osteotomy in mandibular prognathic patients with high value of gonial angle is effective to improvement of gonial angle, and In patients who have normal range of gonial angle and are required with excessive mandibular setback, short lingual cut method, additional resection of posterior margin of distal segment, Obwegeser II method will be considerd. 7.More prudent operation and careful post-op management will be responsible for maintenance of post-operactive stable gonial angle.

강직성 척추염 환자에서 후만 변형의 교정시 Chin-brow vertical angle의 의의

석경수,김기택,김진문,정광훈 대한척추외과학회 2002 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

시뮬레이션을 통한 창던지기 거리 추정

류지선 ( Ji Seon Ryu ),이영선 ( Yong Sun Lee ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2013 스포츠사이언스 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 실제 지도의 효율성과 훈련 처방의 효과성을 제공하기 위한 일환으로 남자 국가대표 창던지기 선수의 동작을 분석한 릴리즈 각과 공격 각, 창 각속도를 초기 조건으로 고려한 운동방정식을 구축한 시뮬레이션 기법에 의해 창던지기의 궁극적인 목적인 수평 거리를 추정하고자 했다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 실제 던진 수평 거리와 운동 방정식을 활용한 시뮬레이션 기법으로 추정한 수평 거리의 편차는 5.9%내에 있었다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통한 수평거리 추정에 영향을 주는 변인은 초기 조건으로 설정된 릴리즈 각, 공격 각뿐만 아니라 투창 속도에 의해 좌우되었다. 실제 수평 거리를 가장 가깝게 추정한 시뮬레이션에서 릴리즈 속도가 상수로 간주할 때 릴리즈 각과 공격 각의 변화는 수평거리에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 선수들이 조절할 수 있는 릴리즈 각의 활용은 경기력 향상에 도움이 되리라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to estimate the horizontal distance, finally aim of javelin, through a simulation which was set by motion equations that need release angle and attack angle at release for initial conditions. These initial conditions were used experimental data from a male javelin thrower of national team. In conclusions, There were within 5.9% of a deviation between a horizontal distance attained by a thrower and one estimated in a simulation technique. Intial conditions as well as release velocity which was regarded as constant in this simulation effected on the horizontal distances estimated in a simulation technique. When the release velocity set as a constant, the horizontal distance of simulation was as varied as release angle and attack angle. It accordingly suggested that release angle which was controlled by throwers themselves could used in performance.

창던지기 선수들의 경기기록과 운동학적 요인의 관계

박재명(Park, Jae-Myoung),양진주(Yang, Jin-Joo),박종철(Park, Jong-Chul) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between javelin throw distance and factors affecting throw distance by world class male and female javelin throwers. This involved analysis of results from a total of 34 attempts by top 12 javelin throwing athletes (6 males and 6 females) participating in the 2019 Mokpo Throwing Competition. To achieve the research objectives, three high-speed cameras were used during the competition and analyzed using a three-dimensional analysis program (Kwon3D 3.1). The results show that males had a negative correlation with the horizontal velocity from the time of left foot landing (LC) to the time of right foot landing (RC) during cross-step (r= -.726, p=.01. Conversely, for women, the foot center distance, velocity, and LC-RC value before projection were positively correlated (r=.717, p=.001) appeared. The maximum angle and record of the knee are negatively correlated only in the female record (r= -.532, p=.028). Javelin posture angle and attack angle had negative correlation with record (r= -.489, p=.046; r= -.509, p=.037). For male athletes, the horizontal velocity before projection requires a maximum velocity that does not affect their posture during projection; for female athletes, the higher the velocity, the higher the record, and the higher javelin’s posture angle and attack angle. These results show there was a difference in the record factors between male and female athletes in the javelin throwing record, and guidance considering gender and individual characteristics is required.

외륜 수레 손잡이 설계 변수의 변화에 따른 밀기, 들기, 회전 힘 평가

송영웅,김경아,이호철 한국안전학회 2012 한국안전학회지 Vol.27 No.2

This study evaluated three forces (lifting, pushing and twisting) required to maneuver the single-wheel barrows according to handle height, width, horizontal angle and vertical angle. The four independent variables were varied in two levels. Handle height was varies in two levels : ‘knuckle height (KH)’ and ‘KH + 0.1 × stature’. The two handle widths were ‘1.5 × shoulder width (SW)’ and ‘1.75 × SW’'. Two angles of 0° and 15° were used for horizontal and vertical angles. The 24 factorial design was used in the experiment. Twelve healthy male students (undergraduate and graduate) participated in the experiment. Subjects exerted three forces (pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise) in each experimental condition. The order of 16 treatment conditions was determined randomly. Results showed that the effects of the four factors were different according to three forces. While lifting and twisting forces were higher in ‘knuckle height’, the pushing force was higher in ‘KH + 0.1 × stature’ (p < 0.05). Lifting and pushing forces showed higher values in the horizontal angle 0° than in 15°. Handle width and vertical angle showed no statistically significant main effects on three forces (p > 0.05). Results of this study could be used as basic data for the ergonomic design of handle variables of one- or two-wheel barrows

옥수수 초형별 재식밀도에 따른 생육 및 수량반응

李明薰 韓國作物學會 1994 Korean journal of crop science Vol.39 No.4

초형이 다른 옥수수의 재식밀도에 대한 반응차이를 구명하고자 직립형 초형과 수평형 초형 교잡종을 재식밀도를 달리하여 재배하고 종실수량 및 주요형질을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시된 4교잡종 모두 고밀식(10,000주 /10a)하에서 종실수량이 감소하였으나 직립형 교잡종보다 수평형 교잡종인 Ga209xKi14A에서 감소의 폭이 더커서 초형간에 차이가 있었다. 2. 재식밀도 증가에 따라 초장은 짧아지고 착수고는 높아졌으나 초형간의 차이는 유의성이 없었다. 3. 수장, 열수, 및 열당입수는 재식밀도 증가에 따라 감소하였고 초형간에는 차이가 없었다. 4. 잎의 각도는 재식밀도에 따라 차이가 없었으며 종실수량, 수장, 열수 및 열당입수와 부의 상관을 보였다. Grain yields of errect-leaved corn hybrids were reported to be increased as planting density(PD) increased compared to those of horizontal leaf type hybrids. This trial was conducted to investigate the difference between errect and horizontal-leaved hybrids in response to different PD. Grain yields of both type hybrids were decreased at the highest PD, however, that of horizontal-leaved hybrid, Ga209 ~times Ki14A, was decreased more than errect-leaved hybrids which indicated varietal difference in response to PD. Responses to PD for days to tasseling, plant height, ear height, and leaf angle were not significant, also, PD ~times hybrid interactions were not observed. Yield components were decreased as PD increased and there were no PD ~times hybrid interactions for these characters. Leaf angle was negatively correlated with grain yield and yield components except for kernel weight.

LED PKG 배열에 따른 배광패턴 연구

유경선,이수영,김은혜,현동훈,정병조 국제차세대융합기술학회 2017 차세대융합기술학회논문지 Vol.1 No.2

본 논문은 기존에 사용되어지는 직진성이 강한 LED가 광학계와 결합되었을 때의 단점을 보완 개선하기 위한 연구이다. 직신성이 강한 LED를 조사면에 비추었을 때 패턴이 형성되는 것을 극대화시키기 위해서 전반사 렌즈를 사 용하였다. 렌즈와 채결된 LED PKG를 1개만 배열하여 조사면에 비추었을 때, 8개를 일렬 배열하여 조사면에 비추었을 때, 8개를 팔각 배열했을 때로 나눠 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 데이터 중 Luminous Intensity RGB 차 트로는 조사면에 비추어진 배광 패턴을 비교‧분석하였다. 배광 분포 곡선에서는 수평, 수직에서의 각을 비교하여 수치 적인 개선 방법 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 조명 기구에서 생길 수 있는 패턴을 LED PKG의 배열을 통해서 상쇄시킬 수 있다는 것을 고안하였으며, 이 방법으로 PCB를 제작하면 실용적으로 렌즈의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있고, 금 형 제작 비용을 절감할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This paper is a study to improve and complement for defects when LEDs with strong linearity which are conventionally used are combined with the optical system. A Total reflection lens was used to maximize the formation of the pattern when the directivity LED was illuminated on the illuminated surface. When only one LED PKG decided to be lens and picked up was irradiated on the illuminated surface, simulation was carried out by dividing it into three arranged when eight were arrayed side by side and illuminated on the illuminated surface, and eight LEDs arranged in octagonal arrangement it was. In the simulation result data, the luminous intensity RGB chart compares and analyzes the light distribution pattern displayed on the illuminated surface. We studied numerical improvement method of light distribution curves by comparing horizontal and vertical angles. Through this study we devised that patterns that can occur in lighting fixtures can be canceled via the arrangement of LED PKGs and we fabricated PCBs in this way parctically we can improve the performance of the lens, it can be considered that it is possible th reduce the cost of metal mold production.

전산유체/전산구조 연계 방법을 이용한 후퇴각이 있는 수평축 풍력터빈 로터 블레이드의 공탄성 특성 예측

김영진,권오준 한국신·재생에너지학회 2019 신재생에너지 Vol.15 No.3

The aeroelastic characteristics for the backward swept blade of a horizontal axis wind turbine were examined by using a coupled CFD/CSD method as the fundamental research for a bend-twist coupled (BTC) blade. The aerodynamic loads were obtained from the three-dimensional, incompressible, Navier-Stokes CFD flow solver based on unstructured meshes. The elastic behavior of the blade was calculated by using an FEM-based CSD solver utilizing a nonlinear coupled flap-lag-torsion beam theory. The calculations were made for the blade of the NREL 5MW wind turbine with backward swept angle. Compared to the straight rotor blade, flapwise deflection toward the tower and edgewise deflection toward the leading edge of the backward swept blade were decreased; otherwise, its torsional deflection in nose-down direction was significantly increased. Due to the blade deformations that decreased its effective angle-of-attack, the aerodynamic loads applied to the swept blades were remarkably reduced compared to the straight rotor blade. In addition, the root bending moments were also influenced by the swept-back configuration of the blade. Due to the aerodynamic loads reduction of the backward swept blade, the root bending moments in the edgewise and flapwise directions were decreased, although the torsional bending moments were significantly increased.