수입 외국산 모발세정용 화장품의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문정아,문덕환,박명희,안진홍,김종은,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and preventing the health impairment due yo heavy metals in hair cleaner. Methods and Material : The author determined the concentration of heavy metals(Fb, fn, Cr, Ni and Cu) in hair cleaner with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of heavy metals in total hair cleaner were 0.046㎍/g for Pt, 0.O67㎍/g for Mn, 0.069㎍/g for Cr, 0.046㎍/g for Ni, and 0.022㎍/g for Cu, respectively. 2. There was not statistically significant difference to mean concentrations of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by producing nation. 3. The highest mean concentration of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by type of use were 0.140㎍/g for Mn in sensitive hair cleaner(p<0.05), 0.053㎍/g for Cu in others products(p<0.01). 4. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by type of hair cleaner were high at 0.O54㎍/g for Pb in shampoo products(p<0.O5), 0.120㎍/g for Cr and 0.06㎍/g for Cu in combination products(p<0.01). 5. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by acidity were high at 0.056㎍/g for Pb, 0.124㎍/g for Cr, and 0.032㎍/g for Cu in alkali products (p<0.05). 6. Correlation coefficient of heavy metal concentration in hair cleaner were 0.175 for Pb and Cr, 0.165 for Pb and Mn, 0.824 for Cr, and Mn, 0.189 for Cr, and Ni, 0.406 for Cr, and Cu, 0.197 for Mn and Ni, and 0.375 for Mn and Cu(p<0.05). 7. Exposure amount of heavy metals per when we used lOg of hair cleaner (onetime using amount) were 0.46㎍ for Pb, 0.67㎍ for Mn, 0.69㎍ for Cr, 0.46㎍ for Ni, and 0.22㎍ for Cu, respectively. Conclusion : As above results, there was very low level concentration of heavy metal in hair cleaner but we are using the hair cleaner everyday, therefore we can exposed to heavy metals as cronic exposure so the author suggest to prepare the program of preventing the health impairment due to heavy metals.

Availability of Carboxylated Magnetic Beads for Extracting Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

Hyungsuk So,Yeong-Seok Yoo,Andreas Schaeffer 한국자기학회 2006 Journal of Magnetics Vol.11 No.2

It was examined in this study that magnetic beads, which are assumed to be environmentally functional, could be effective in processing heavy metals that are water pollutants. For the purpose, magnetic beads containing carboxyl groups, which has strong binding force with heavy metals, are mixed with each Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr(III) solution, then stirred in pH 6. As a results of the process, it was proven that heavy metals bind quickly with magnetic beads through the reaction. In order to analyze heavy metal concentration, magnetic beads bind with heavy metal were collected by external magnetic force and dissolved in acid. The graphite furnace AAS was used to get heavy metal concentration melted in the acid solution. The results showed that heavy metal extractions by magnetic beads were influenced by the type and the concentration of a heavy metal, and over 90% of a heavy metal can be extracted in ppm level save for Cr(III). It was also examined in the study whether heavy metal extraction is influenced when other ions exist in each heavy metal solution. According to experiment, adding other heavy metals to a solution did have little influence on extracting an intended heavy metal. But in case salt or heavy metal chelate was added, Ni extraction changed sensitively although extracting other heavy metals were influenced only when the concentration of an added substance is high. In conclusion, it was shown that magnetic beads could be used to treat wastewater with relatively high heavy metal concentration.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in maricultured fish, <i>Lates calcarifer</i> (Barramudi), <i>Lutjanus campechanus</i> (red snapper) and <i>Lutjanus griseus</i> (grey snapper)

Nasyitah Sobihah, Nasri,Ahmad Zaharin, Aris,Khairul Nizam, Mohammad,Ley Juen, Looi,Kyoung-Woong, Kim Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.197 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mariculture fish contains a rich source of protein, but some species may bioaccumulate high levels of heavy metals, making them unsafe for consumption. This study aims to identify heavy metal concentration in <I>Lates calcarifer</I> (Barramudi), <I>Lutjanus campechanus</I> (Red snapper) and <I>Lutjanus griseus</I> (Grey snapper). Three species of mariculture fish, namely, <I>L. calcarifer</I>, <I>L. campechanus</I> and <I>L. griseus</I> were collected for analyses of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn) was determined using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution of heavy metals mean concentration in muscle is Zn > Fe > As > Se > Cr > Cu > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd for <I>L. calcarifer</I>, Fe > Zn > Cr > As > Ni > Mn > Se > Cu > Pb > Cd for <I>L. campechanus</I> and Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Se > Cu > As > Mn > Pb > Cd for <I>L. griseus</I>. Among all of the species under investigation, the highest concentration of Fe was found in the muscle tissue of <I>L. campechanus</I> (19.985 ± 1.773 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and liver tissue of <I>L. griseus</I> (58.248 ± 8.736 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). Meanwhile, <I>L. calcarifer</I> has the lowest concentration of Cd in both muscle (0.007 ± 0.004 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and liver tissue (0.027 ± 0.016 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). The heavy metal concentration in muscle tissue is below the permissible limit guidelines stipulated by the Food & Agriculture Organization, 1983 and Malaysia Food Act, 1983. The concentration of heavy metals varies significantly among fish species and tissues. <I>L. campechanus</I> was found to have a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals as compared to the other two species (p < .00). Among all the studied fish, liver tissue has a higher concentration of heavy metals compared to muscle tissue (p < .05). The findings from this study can serve as baseline information for future monitoring and risk assessment studies. Periodic monitoring of heavy metal concentration in mariculture fish must be performed to prevent acute and chronic food intoxication.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Species were chosen due to the most extensive maricultured species in estuaries. </LI> <LI> Species chosen were the most consumable fish species in Asian region. </LI> <LI> High metals concentration had been observed in <I>L. campechanus.</I> </LI> <LI> Liver tissues possessed higher metal concentration than muscle tissues. </LI> <LI> Studied metals were below than the permissible limit. </LI> </UL> </P>

Evaluation of heavy metals in hazardous automobile shredder residue thermal residue and immobilization with novel nano-size calcium dispersed reagent

Lee, Chi-Hyeon,Truc, Nguyen Thi Thanh,Lee, Byeong-Kyu,Mitoma, Yoshiharu,Mallampati, Srinivasa Reddy Elsevier 2015 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.296 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted to synthesize and apply a nano-size calcium dispersed reagent as an immobilization material for heavy metal-contaminated automobile shredder residues (ASR) dust/thermal residues in dry condition. Simple mixing with a nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB> dispersion mixture immobilized 95–100% of heavy metals in ASR dust/thermal residues (including bottom ash, cavity ash, boiler and bag filter ash). The quantity of heavy metals leached from thermal residues after treatment by nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB> was lower than the Korean standard regulatory limit for hazardous waste landfills. The morphology and elemental composition of the nanometallic Ca/CaO-treated ASR residue were characterized by field emission scanning election microscopy combined with electron dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The results indicated that the amounts of heavy metals detectable on the ASR thermal residue surface decreased and the Ca/PO<SUB>4</SUB> mass percent increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis indicated that the main fraction of enclosed/bound materials on ASR residue included Ca/PO<SUB>4</SUB>− associated crystalline complexes, and that immobile Ca/PO<SUB>4</SUB> salts remarkably inhibited the desorption of heavy metals from ASR residues. These results support the potential use of nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB> as a simple, suitable and highly efficient material for the gentle immobilization of heavy metals in hazardous ASR thermal residue in dry condition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB> for heavy metals immobilization in ASR residue. </LI> <LI> Heavy metals immobilization in dry condition attained about 95–100%. </LI> <LI> Remaining heavy metals were lower than the Korean standard regulatory limit. </LI> <LI> The amounts of heavy metals detectable on the ASR dust surface decreased. </LI> <LI> Nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB> has a promising potential for heavy metal remediation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Schematic representation of possible mechanisms determining the heavy metals immobilization efficiencyof ASR dust/thermal residues after treatment with nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO<SUB>4</SUB>.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Short-term Effects of Low Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Nematode Community Structure

Byeong-yong Park,Jae-Kook Lee,Young Ho Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Influences of low concentration of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu and Pb) on the nematode community structure were examined to assess the changes of the soil ecosystem for a short period of time. Notable increases of heavy metal concentration on the experiment soil were found on the maximum and their 4-1x concentration treatment of all heavy metals after 18weeks. Overall abundance of the nematodes increased regardless of kinds of heavy metal and their concentrations. Also there were no significant differences in the nematode abundance among all treatments of heavy metals except the abundance of c-p 4 in the maximum treatment of Pb. The number of nematode genus found in soils treated with heavy metal solutions also increased compared to that of the genus of the initial soils; however, no significant differences in richness were observed among the treatments of all heavy metals. In maturity and diversity indices of the nematode community, no significant changes occurred in the soils treated with heavy metal solutions with a few exceptions such as MI2-5 and ΣMI2-5 for Pb, and MI2-5 for As. Significant decreases of the ecological indices in the treatments with highly concentrated heavy metal solutions were noticed in MI2-5 and ΣMI2-5 for Pb, and MI2-5 for As, respectively. All of these results is supposed that the maturity and diversity of the nematode community may be decreased in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb and As at relatively low concentrations of a short period of time, which may be derived from differential effects of heavy metals at low concentrations on the growth and development of the nematodes with different c-p values and trophic types. In the analysis of food web structure, only structure index (SI) was significantly lowered in soils irrigated with the heavy metal solutions of Pb and As, but enrichment index (EI) and channel index (CI) were not, suggesting that stressful soil conditions might be provided to the soil food web structure governed by direct toxic effects of heavy metals differential to nematode populations with different trophic type sandc-p values. Analyses of correlation coefficients also suggest that the influence of heavy metals at low concentrations, especially by Pb, maybe most prominent on the nematodes of c-p2-5, including fungivores, providing stressful soil environments.

Releasing characteristics and fate of heavy metals from phytoremediation crop residues during anaerobic digestion

Lee, Jongkeun,Park, Ki Young,Cho, Jinwoo,Kim, Jae Young Pergamon Press 2018 Chemosphere Vol.191 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, lab-scale batch tests were conducted to investigate releasing characteristics of heavy metals according to degradation of heavy metal containing biomass. The fate of heavy metals after released from biomass was also determined through adsorption tests and Visual MINTEQ simulation. According to the anaerobic batch test results as well as volatile solids and carbon balance analyses, maximum of 60% by wt. of biomass was degraded. During the anaerobic biodegradation, among Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, only Cu and Zn were observed in soluble form (approximately 40% by wt. of input mass). The discrepancy between degradation ratio of biomass and ratio of released heavy metals mass from biomass was observed. It seems that this discordance was caused by the fate (i.e., precipitated with sulfur/hydroxide or adsorbed onto sorbents) of each heavy metal types in solution after being released from biomass. Thus, releasing characteristics and fate of heavy metal should be considered carefully to predict stability of anaerobic digestion process for heavy metal-containing biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Releasing characteristic and fate of heavy metal under anaerobic condition were investigated. </LI> <LI> Soluble heavy metals are known as potential inhibitors in anaerobic digestion. </LI> <LI> Heavy metal releasing was not correspondent to anaerobic biodegradation ratio. </LI> <LI> This discordance was caused by fate of heavy metals after being released from biomass. </LI> <LI> Not all released heavy metals from biomass affect anaerobic digestion efficiency. </LI> </UL> </P>

정삼투 여과를 통해 중금속 제거 시 잔류성 유기물질에 의한 정삼투 여과 성능 변화

조경근 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.3

목적:중금속과 잔류성 유기물질이 존재하는 Feed 용액을 정삼투 여과로 처리 시 잔류성 유기물질의 존재가 정삼투 여과에서 중금속 제거율과 물 투과도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 파악하고자 하였다. 방법:총 4가지 Feed 용액(① 중금속만을 포함, ② 중금속과 Trimethoprim을 포함, ③ 중금속과 Ibuprofen을 포함, ④ 중금속과 Triclosan을 포함)을 이용하여 정삼투 여과실험을 진행하였다. 그리고 Feed 용액에 따른 물 투과도와 중금속 제거율에 대한 실험결과를 비교 및 분석하였다. 결과 및 토의:물 투과도는 Ibuprofen을 제외한 유기물질을 포함하는 실험에서 더 높게 나타났다. 이는 멤브레인 지지층 내 유기물질의 흡착으로 인한 내부 농도 분극의 감소가 영향을 미쳤다고 판단된다. Ibuprofen을 포함하는 실험에서는 Gibbs-Donnan 효과로 역염투 여과도가 증가하여 물 투과도가 감소되었다고 판단된다. 중금속 제거율은 정삼투 여과에서 대부분 제거되는 중금속의 경우 유기물질의 영향이 없었지만, 그렇지 않은 중금속의 경우 유기물질이 포함될 때 제거율이 증가하는 모습을 보였다. 이는 주로 멤브레인 내 흡착에 따른 막힘현상이 영향을 미쳤다고 판단된다. 결론:이번 연구에서 Feed 용액 내 잔류성 유기물질의 존재가 물 투과도와 중금속 제거율에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 중금속과 다양한 유기물질을 포함하는 Feed 용액을 정삼투 여과로 처리할 시 용액의 구성에 따라 여과 성능이 변할 것으로 판단된다. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of trace organic compounds (TROCs) affects water flux and heavy metal rejection in forward osmosis (FO) filtration when feed solution (FS) contains TROCs and heavy metals. Methods:Four FS (① only heavy metals, ② heavy metals and Trimethoprim, ③ heavy metals and Ibuprofen, ④ heavy metals and Triclosan) were used, and the FO filtration experiments were conducted to perform comparative analysis on the water flux and the rejection rate depending on the FS type. Results and Discussion:The water flux was higher when FS contained TROCs except Ibuprofen, compared to FS containing only heavy metals. It is speculated that the increased water flux was influenced by the decrease in the internal concentration polarization (ICP), which was caused by the adsorption of the TROCs in the support layer of the membrane. The water flux decreased when FS contained Ibuprofen, and this may be because reverse salt flux increased due to the Gibbs-Donnan effect. The rejection rate was not affected by TROCs when heavy metals were mostly rejected in FO filtration, but for the heavy metal that was not fully rejected, the rejection rate increased when FS contained TROCs. It is speculated that this was mainly due to clogging caused by the adsorption on the membrane. Conclusions:It was demonstrated that the presence of TROCs in FS can affect water flux and the rejection rate of heavy metals. Therefore, when the FS containing heavy metals and various organic substances is treated by FO filtration, the performance of the filtration is expected to change depending on the composition of the solution.

Alcaligenes sp.의 생장과 인 제거에 미치는 이종 중금속 혼합의 독성 효과

김덕현 ( Deok Hyun Kim ),유진 ( Jin Yoo ),정근욱 ( Keun Yook Chung ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.1

BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp., known as the Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms (PAOs). It was cultivated in the batch system with five heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, added in single and binary mixtures, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: IC50 (half of inhibition concentration of bacterial growth) and EC50 (half of effective concentration of phosphorus removal Efficiencies) were used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus removal Efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. In addition, Additive Index Value (A.I.V.) method was used to evaluate the interactive effects between Alcaligenes sp. and heavy metals. As a result, as the five heavy metals were singly added to Alcaligenes sp., the greatest inhibitory effects on the growth and P removal efficiencies of each bacteria was observed in the cadmium (Cd). In the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals, the treatments of lowest IC50 and EC50 were the Cd + Cu treatment. Based on the IC50 and EC50 of the binary mixtures of heavy metals treatments, most interactive effects between the heavy metals were found to be antagonistic. CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective treatments of single and binary mixtures of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. through further study about the characterization of functional proteins involved in toxic effects of heavy metals.

A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Subway Station

Chun-Huem Kim,Dong-Chul Yoo,Young-Min Kwon,Woong-Soo Han,Gi-Sun Kim,Mi-Jung Park,Young Soon Kim,Dalwoong Choi 한국독성학회 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.2

In this study, we investigated the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations in the particulate matter inside the subway stations of Seoul. In particular, we examined the correlation between the heavy metals and studied the effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation. In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest out of the heavy metals in particulate matter, followed by copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, nickel, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium in that order. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the heavy metals was highest in the following order: (Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr), and (Fe vs Cu). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.937, indicating the highest correlation. Copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium, which are generated from artificial sources in general, showed correlations with many of the other metals and the correlation coefficients were also relatively high. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated in this study. Cultured cell was exposed to 10 ㎎/l or 100 ㎎/l of iron, copper, calcium, zinc, nickel, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation in all the heavy metal-treated groups was not inhibited at 10 ㎎/l of the heavy metal concentration. The only exception to this was with the cadmium-treated group which showed a strong cell proliferation inhibition. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency at the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of the subway-oriented heavy metalcontaining particulate matter.

Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution in Arable Soils near Industrial Complex in Gyeongsang Provinces of South Korea

Yong Gyun Kim,Hyun Ho Lee,Hye Jin Park,Chang Oh Hong 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.2

Industrial complex releasing huge amounts of dusts, fumes and wastewater containing heavy metal(loid)s could be a source of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil. Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil adversely affect crops safety, subsequently human being. Hence, it is important to accurately assess the heavy metal(loid)s pollution in soil using pollution indices. The objectives of this study are 1) to compare assessment methods of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soils located near industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal(loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 10 industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces. The average total concentration of all heavy metal(loid)s of the studied soils was higher than that of Korean arable soils but did not exceed the warning criteria established by the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea. Only six sites of arable soils for the total concentration of As, Cu and Ni exceeded the warning criteria (As: 25 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, Cu: 150 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, Ni: 100 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>). The contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of the heavy metal(loid)s in arable soils varied among the sampling sites, and the average values of As and Cd were relatively higher than that of other metals. Results of integrated indices of As and Cd in arable soils located near industrial complex indicated that some arable soils were moderately or heavily polluted. The plant available concentration of heavy metal(loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and negative charge of soil. Available Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient with pH and negative charge of soil when compared with other heavy metal(loid)s. Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.