An Acoustic Study of Fundamental Frequency and Pauses in Depressive Teenagers in Thailand: A Pilot Study

Phanintra Teeranon 세종대학교 언어연구소 2020 Journal of Universal Language Vol.21 No.1

Depression is a major public health problem among Thais. It has been reported that 30% of 70 million people living in Thailand suffer from depression. Suicide is a potential end result from mental illness, which normally involves depression. Diagnosis and treatment are key factors in the prevention of depression. In traditional diagnosis, there are two key methods of testing: (ⅰ) a screening test and interview and (ⅱ) a biomarker test. In recent years, detecting depression with speech—a kind of biomarker test— has gained high acceptance. Cues of suprasegments in speech, such as pauses, loudness, tones, rhythm, and phonation, have been scientifically proven using acoustic methods of being indicators of depression. This paper has two main objectives: (ⅰ) to conduct a review of the use of suprasegments as cues and an analysis of the cues capable of indicating depression in Thailand and (ⅱ) to analyze an acoustic study of pitch measured by the fundamental frequency and silent pause length in depressed and non-depressed participants. The method used in the study is the acoustic method of linguistics. Praat program version 6.2.09 was used to analyze the data. This is a pilot study of three depressed Thai students aged 20 compared with three non-depressed Thai participants. We propose a new perspective upon Thai language speech indicators that combines two or more cues in detecting depression (e.g. depression inventory with pause duration and word signs). Interestingly, it was found that the pitch of Thai tones may not be an appropriate cue for depression in Thais. This result conflicts with previous research conducted in other non-tonal languages. The results of this study lay the foundation for a Thai speech index for depression that can be further developed for the detection of depression.

일상적 우울집단과 임상적 우울집단 간 의료이용의 차이

조효은,이준협 한국보건행정학회 2024 보건행정학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Background: Depressive disorders can be categorized into daily depression and clinical depression. The experience of depressive disorder canincrease health care utilization due to decreased treatment compliance and somatization. On the other hand, the clinical depression group mayalso experience social prejudice associated with the illness, which can limit their access to health care utilization. In terms of the significance ofhealth care utilization as a factor in individual and social issues, this study aims to compare the health care utilization of the clinical depressiongroup with that of the non-depressed group and the daily depression group. Methods: The analysis utilized the inverse probability of treatment weighting based on the generalized propensity score. Results: As a result of the analysis, clinical depression and daily depression were higher among women, low-income groups, individuals withlow education levels, and so forth. The clinical depression group was also higher among individuals who were not economically active, did nothave private health insurance, or had multiple chronic diseases. The number of outpatient department visits in the depression group wassignificantly higher than in the non-depressed group. In addition, the number of outpatient department visits for the clinical depression groupwas significantly higher than that for the daily depression group. Outpatient medical expenses were higher in the depression group than in thenon-depressed group, and there was no significant difference between the clinical depression group and the daily depression group. Conclusion: Health care utilization was higher in the depression group than the non-depressed group, it was also higher in the clinicaldepression group than the daily depression group.

Longitudinal associations between glucocorticoid receptor methylation and late-life depression

Kang, Hee-Ju,Bae, Kyung-Yeol,Kim, Sung-Wan,Shin, Il-Seon,Kim, Hye-Ran,Shin, Myung-Geun,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Kim, Jae-Min Elsevier 2018 Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological Vol.84 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It has been suggested that hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation plays a role in the etiology of depression. HPA axis function is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), which are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation). The association between the DNA methylation of the GR gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; <I>NR3C1</I>) and late-life depression as well as the role of <I>NR3C1</I> methylation in the prediction of the incidence of depression have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the independent and longitudinal effects of the methylation of three CpG sites in exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> of <I>NR3C1</I> on late-life depression using peripheral blood. In total, 732 Korean community residents aged ≥65 years were assessed; 521 individuals in this group without depression at baseline were followed 2 years later. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule was used to identify depression, and demographic and clinical covariates were evaluated. The effects of <I>NR3C1</I> methylation (the individual methylation status of three CpG sites and their average values) on current and follow-up depression were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Higher <I>NR3C1</I> methylation levels at CpG 2 and 3 and the average methylation value were independently associated with the prevalence of depression at baseline. Additionally, a higher <I>NR3C1</I> methylation level at CpG 2 was associated with depression incidence 2 years later in this population. These findings suggest an association between the methylation of <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB>, especially at CpG 2, and depression later in life.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Higher <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> methylation, except at CpG 1, is related to prevalence of late life depression. </LI> <LI> Hypermethylation of <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> at CpG 2 predicts depression incidence 2 years later. </LI> <LI> These associations were independent of potential covariates. </LI> <LI> Altered epigenetic regulation in the HPA axis in late-life depression was supported. </LI> </UL> </P>

A comparative study on cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean adults according to clinical depression status

Seo, Yuri,Je, Youjin Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.263 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted to compare the association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Korean adults. This study was based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2012–2014. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 10,359 subjects aged 19–64 years were selected, and 432 subjects (74 men, 358 women) were included in the physician-diagnosed depression group. Several cardiovascular risk factors were associated with higher odds of clinical depression. For men, high waist circumference (≥91.3 cm) and body mass index (≥25.0 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) were significantly associated with increased odds of depression, and high physical activity (≥50 MET h/week) was associated with decreased odds of depression. Men with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome had 2.43-fold and 2.0-fold higher odds of depression than those without the diseases. For women, current smokers had 2.25-fold higher odds of depression than nonsmokers, and frequent alcohol drinkers (≥4 times/week) also had 2.88-fold higher odds of depression than nondrinkers. Korean adults with clinical depression had a higher prevalence of some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases than those without depression.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There have been several studies on cardiovascular disease risk factors in relation to depression status. However, there are limited data on the association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean adults, especially for men. </LI> <LI> We investigated whether lifestyle factors, anthropometric and clinical measurements leading to cardiovascular disease were associated with the prevalence of depression in Korean adults, using a large nationally representative sample of Korean population, and confirmed that there are positive associations between depression and several cardiovascular disease risk factors among Korean adults. </LI> <LI> Our findings support early detection and management of depression among people with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease. </LI> <LI> Given the increasing importance of depression in many countries, the cardiovascular disease risk factors should be carefully monitored and adequate lifestyle changes could be advised. </LI> </UL> </P>

부적응 도식과 우울간의 관계에서 정서조절방략의 매개효과

정미현,김남재 덕성여자대학 학생생활지도연구소 2008 學生生活硏究 Vol.24 No.-

This research explored cognitive emotion condition tactic, behavioral emotion control tactic, and empirical emotion condition tactic, each media effect and causal effects in he relation of maladjustment diagram and depression and tactic more affecting depression. 388 women's university students were given to answer to the maladjustment diagram Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Strategy Questionnaire(ERSQ) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Depression were 48 scores over, selected from among the 388 students. To explore the relation of maladjustment diagram, each emotion condition tactic(cognitive, behavioral, empirical), a correlational analysis was conducted and a regression analysis was conducted. And based on that, a structural equation model was built and the adequacy was verified. The correlational analysis showed static correlation with depression in emotion deficiency, desertion/unrest, distrust/abuse, social isolation/alienation, deficiency/value, failure, risk/disease vulnerability, fusion/immaturity self-sacrifice, emotional depression, and the selection of negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others in cognitive emotion control tactics, and the selection of emotion acceptance in behavioral emotion control tactic, and the selection of indulgence and overeating in empirical emotion condition tactic. The regression analysis, showed the selection of emotion deficiency, distrust/abuse, social isolation/alienation, defect value, risk/disease vulnerability as maladjustment diagram variables affecting depression via cognitive emotion control tactics(negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others), and that of social isolation/alienation, failure, risk/disease vulnerability as maladjustment diagram variables affecting depression via. Thus structural equation model verification was conducted to confirm the causality affecting depression using these maladjustment diagram variables and each emotion control tactic. The analysis showed that maladjustment diagram affects depression via partial media of cognitive emotion control tactics(negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others), and significantly affects depression partial media of empirical emotion control tactics(indulgent activity and overeating) whose adequacy was supported. The causal effect indicated that the route of maladjustment diagram and depression via partial media of cognitive emotion control tactics rather than via empirical emotion control tactics had a higher effect. Regardless of correlation with depression in behavioral emotion condition tactic(emotion acceptance), it showed insignificant result of media effect between maladjustment diagram and behavioral tactic, which was discussed.

Depression and PTSD in Pashtun Women in Kandahar, Afghanistan

신성만,김현정,Lina Liw,김성재 한국간호과학회 2009 Asian Nursing Research Vol.3 No.2

Objectives The objectives were (a) to establish prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in Afghanistan and, (b) to investigate sociodemographic and quality of life variables, which predict depression and PTSD. Methods Translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 125 Pashtun women in Kandahar, and statistically analyzed. Results Approximately half of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, and more than half of the participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Education and income showed significant associations with PTSD symptoms or depression. The way one spends time, general health status, and general feeling towards life predicted low levels of depression and PTSD. Conclusions The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women. Objectives The objectives were (a) to establish prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in Afghanistan and, (b) to investigate sociodemographic and quality of life variables, which predict depression and PTSD. Methods Translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 125 Pashtun women in Kandahar, and statistically analyzed. Results Approximately half of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, and more than half of the participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Education and income showed significant associations with PTSD symptoms or depression. The way one spends time, general health status, and general feeling towards life predicted low levels of depression and PTSD. Conclusions The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women.

노인의 수면과 우울과의 관계 연구

김상혜 최신의학사 2000 最新醫學 Vol.43 No.9-10

Correlation between postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Single center study

( Youngjae Lee ),( Sangwook Yi ),( Dahye Ju ),( Sangsoo Lee ),( Wooseok Sohn ),( Inju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.5

To describe the prevalence and correlates of the postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorderOne hundred sixty six women were assessed around 10th to 14th days after delivery in Gangneung Asan Hospital, Korea, from September 2011 to March 2012. We checked their risk factors for postpartum depressive disorders using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was evaluated retrospectively and was defined as having more than 5 of the following 10 symptoms: breast tenderness, bloating, headache, peripheral edema (hand and foot), depressive symptoms, anger, irritability, anxiety, oversensitivity, and exaggerated mood swings.The prevalence rate of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥10 and Beck Depression Inventory ≥10 was 13.9% (23/166). We found statistical differences (P<0.01) between the postpartum depression group and the postpartum non-depression group in smoking history, past history of psychiatric problems, and level of marital satisfaction. The prevalence rate of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was 9% (15/166) and among 23 women in the postpartum depression group, eight were determined to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder, yielding a prevalence rate of 34.8% (8/23). Among 143 women in the postpartum non-depression group, seven were determined to have PMS, yielding a prevalence rate of 4.9% (7/143). A correlation between postpartum depression and PMS was thus found (P<0.01).PMS appears to be associated with postpartum depression. This means that a hormone-related etiology appears to be one risk factor for postpartum depression.

지체장애인의 우울의 변화궤적과 예측요인

최희철 한국지체.중복.건강장애교육학회 2020 지체.중복.건강장애연구 Vol.63 No.1

Purpose: The purposes of this study were twofold: First, this study examined latent classes of trajectories in the longitudinal course of depression for people with physical disabilities. Second, this study examined the predictors of latent classes of trajectories in the longitudinal course of depression. Method: Data on depression and the predictors (gender, age, economic status, and self-esteem) came from the 9th to 13th wave in the Korean Social Welfare Panel Survey(KSWPS). The latent classes of depression were analyzed through latent class growth modeling. The predictors of the latent classes were analyzed through multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Three latent classes of trajectories were identified: the high increasing depression, the consistent moderate depression, and the consistent non-depressed class. The significant predictors in multinomial logistic regression analysis were gender, age, economic status, and self-esteem. Results indicated that women, higher age, and lower economic status had higher odds of the high increasing depression and the consistent moderate depression class than the consistent non-depressed class, and the higher self-esteem had lower odds of the high increasing depression and the consistent moderate depression class. Conclusion: The researcher discussed the implications of the results of alternative treatments for depression symptoms of physical disabilities. 연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 다음의 두 가지와 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 지체장애인의 우울의 종단적 궤적의 잠재계층을 알아보았다. 둘째, 본 연구는 우울의 종단적 궤적의 잠재계층의 예측요인들을 알아보았다. 연구방법: 우울과 예측요인들(성별, 연령, 경제적 지위, 자존감)은 '한국복지패널(Korean Social Welfare Panel Survey)'의 9~13차 조사에서 데이터를 추출하였다. 우울의 잠재계층은 잠재계층 성장 모형으로 분석되었다. 잠재계층의 예측요인들의 분석은 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 이루어졌다. 연구결과: 우울의 잠재계층의 수는 3개로 확인되었다. 즉, (a) 높은 우울 상승 후 하강 집단, (b) 보통 우울 유지 집단, (c) 비우울 유지 집단. 다항 로지스틱 분석에서 유의한 예측변인들은 성별, 연령, 경제적 지위, 자존감이었다. 연구결과에 의하면, 남성보다 여성이, 나이가 많을수록, 경제적 지위가 낮을수록 비우울 유지 집단보다 높은 우울 상승 후 하강 집단, 보통 우울 유지 집단에 속할 확률이 높았다. 그리고 자존감이 높을수록 높은 우울 상승 후 하강 집단, 보통 우울 유지 집단에 속할 확률이 낮았다. 결론: 연구자는 연구결과가 지체장애인의 우울 증상들의 처치 대안들에 대해 갖는 함의들을 논의하였다.

우울증에 따른 자살 예방을 위한 한국문학 콘텐츠 구축의 필요성과 방안

김수이 ( Su Yee Kim ) 한국언어문화학회 2010 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.42

Depression, as a product of sociocultural experiences, shows a variety of differences according to races and culture. The cultural specific character of depression proposes two prerequisites in study on depression. First, a medical study should be carried out simultaneously with a cultural study for prevention and treatment of depression. Second, the cultural study on depression should be conducted with the culture and products of the relevant society as a text. For developing a method of treating depression fit for the reality of modern Koreans` lives, it is urgent to establish contents of modern Korean culture about depression and a suicide. This paper aims to develop a cultural program of preventing committing suicide from depression, and examined a methods of establishing modern about depression and a suicide. The suicide-preventing program proposed by this paper is a video of a multi-art type, formed by music, a video, recitation, theatrical elements, etc. being combined, which a depressive patient experiences a problem-solving process in an initiative and aesthetic process. As a concrete case of contents, this paper looked into 〈Laughter〉, Choi In-hun`s novel that written the process in which a woman who lost love goes a suicide trip and returns. This novel is a piece of work which dealt with and figured in detail the mental state of a suicide of a depressive patient and expected to be an effective text for depression treatment and suicide prevention.