상완(上脘), 중완(中脘), 하완(下脘) 및 족삼리(足三里) 침구(鍼灸)의 단용(單用)과 병용자극(倂用刺戟)이 정상(正常) 백서(白鼠) 위기능(胃機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)

윤혁,김용정,윤정안,유윤조,김강산,강병기,Yun, Hyuk,Kim, Yong-jeong,Yun, Jung-an,Yu, Yun-cho,Kim, Kang-san,Kang, Byung-ki 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion at CV13, CV12, CV10 and ST36 serum gastin level in rats. Methods : The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using four different acupoints on serum gastrin level in rats. Electro-acupuncture (2 Hz, intensity ; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to ST36 under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion ($1.6{\pm}0.3mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to CV13, CV12, CV10 under halothane anesthesia. Results : Both of EA applied to the ST 36 and Moxibustion applied to the CV10, CV12 decreased serum gastrin level significantly. And the effect of combined EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10 was shown stronger effect than each singular stimulus of EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10. These data suggest that both of EA and moxibustion at specific acupoints produce change of serum gastrin level in rats and combined EA and moxibustion was shown quite effect than each singular stimulus.

자궁적출술 환자의 체온분포에 관한 연구

조준영,이지영,이진무,장준복,이경섭,Cho, Jun-Young,Lee, Ji-Yung,Lee, Jin-Moo,Jang, Jun-Bock,Lee, Kyung-Sub 대한한방체열의학회 2010 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know the temperature difference between hysterectomy patients and non-hysterectomy patients. Methods : We studied 45 who had and 45 non-hysterectomy visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ medical center from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2010. We measured 3 points temperature of specific acupoints-Chonjung(CV17), Chungwan(CV12), Kwanwon(CV4) by DITI in each group. And then we checked the difference of temperature between CV17 and CV4, CV12 and CV4. For statistics, we used Independent T-test and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results : There is no statistically differences between hysterectomy group and non-hysterectomy group on CV17, CV12, CV4 and CV12-CV4 temperature. There is statistically significant difference between group and group on CV17-CV4 temperature. Conclusion : The result showed that the difference between Chonjung(CV17) and Kwanwon(CV4) is higher in group than non-hysterectomy group. Further study will be needed.

Comparative effects of artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa stimulating Zhongwan (CV 12) on body temperature in healthy participants: a cross-over single-blind randomized study

Go, H.Y.,Lee, J.A.,Park, S.,Park, S.,Park, J.S.,Cheon, C.,Ko, S.G.,Kong, K.H.,Jun, C.y.,Park, J.h.,Shin, M.R.,Lee, S.H. Pub. Office, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medici 2015 Journal of traditional Chinese medicine Vol.35 No.5

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, satisfaction, discomfort and patient preference of moxa cones of artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa. Methods: This comparative study of moxibustion treatment with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cone stimulating Zhongwan (CV 12) is a cross-over single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. A total of 40 healthy subjects (24 males and 16 females) participated in this study. Two subjects dropped out of the trial. Thirty-eight subjects were treated with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cones for 30 min in a cross-over design. After treatment, the patients underwent a 30 minute waiting period, and then the temperatures at Tanzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Guanyuan (CV 4) were measured using digital infrared thermal imaging. Results: After the use of Artemisia vulgaris moxa, the patients' body temperatures were slightly lowered at Tanzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Guanyuan (CV 4), but the changes were not statistically significant. After the use of charcoal moxa, the patients' body temperatures were somewhat increased at Zhongwan (CV 12) and Guanyuan (CV 4), but the changes were not statistically significant. After Artemisia vulgaris moxa use, the body temperature difference between Zhongwan (CV 12) and Guanyuan (CV 4) was significantly increased. After charcoal moxa use, the body temperature difference between Tanzhong (CV 17) and Zhongwan (CV 12) was significantly decreased in males and in the whole group. This change was caused by the difference in the moxibustion type and by gender differences. Conclusion: This pilot study found that moxibustion did not raise the body temperature, but temperature differences between acupoints were affected. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for the effect of moxibustion on body temperature.

생성방법에 따른 포인트클라우드 데이터의 품질 분석

이현직(Lee, Hyun Jik),양승룡(Yang, Sung Ryong),이동국(Lee, Dong Gook) 대한공간정보학회 2021 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.29 No.3

최근 공간정보는 수치지도 등고선을 이용한 2차원 선형데이터에서 포인트클라우드와 같은 3차원 데이터로 전환되고 있는 실정이다. 일반적으로 포인트클라우드 데이터는 LiDAR 센서를 이용하여 취득하는 방법과 각종 디지털영상을 컴퓨터비전 해석을 통해 생성된다. 본 연구에서는 전통적인 산림지역인 연구대상지를 대상으로 LiDAR 기반 및 CV해석 기반의 5가지 유형 포인트클라우드 데이터를 생성하였으며, 이를 이용하여 생성방법에 따른 점밀도와 절대정확도 및 상대적인 품질분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 수행 결과, 생성방법별 포인트클라우드 데이터의 점밀도 특성을 알 수 있었으며, CV해석 기반 데이터에 비해 LiDAR 기반 데이터가 수직위치 정확도가 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, CV해석시에는 영상의 중복도와 영상크기 및 공간해상도의 영향이 절대정확도에 미치는 영향이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 포인트클라우드 데이터의 단면분석과 3D 모델형성의 상대적인 품질분석 결과, 산림지역의 LiDAR 기반 포인트클라우드 데이터는 점밀도에 따라 수종별 DEM 및 DSM의 차이점을 나타내었으며, CV해석 기반 데이터의 경우는 취득시기에 따라 특징점 추출이 어려워 수종별 DCM의 차이점을 나타내었다. 생성방법별 3D 모델 형성은 LiDAR기반 데이터보다는 CV해석 방법이 더욱 유용했으며, 영상의 공간해상도와 중복도에 대한 심중한 고려가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 촬영시기가 다른 영상을 융합하여 CV해석을 수행하거나, CV해석시 동시에 취득된 원시 포인트클라우드 데이터를 융합하는 방법을 적용한 결과, 두가지 데이터 융합을 통한 CV해석 결과가 절대정확도 및 상대적인 품질향상에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Recently, geospatial information is being converted from 2D linear data using contour lines on digital map to 3D point cloud data. In general, point cloud data is obtained through generation method using LiDAR sensor and computer vision(CV) analysis of various digital images. In this study, 5 types of point cloud data based on LiDAR and CV analysis were generated for the study area, which is a traditional forest area, and point density, absolute accuracy, and relative quality analysis were performed according to the generation method. As a result of this study, it was possible to know the point density characteristics of the point cloud data for each generation method. Compared to the CV analysis-based data, the LiDAR-based data showed relatively high vertical position accuracy. It was found that the effect of image size and spatial resolution had a large effect on absolute accuracy. As a result of cross-sectional analysis of point cloud data and relative quality analysis of 3D model production, LiDAR-based point cloud data in forest areas showed differences in DEM and DCM by tree species according to point density, and in the case of CV analysis-based data, it was difficult to extract special points with the acquisition time, so the difference of DCM for each species was shown. It was found that the CV analysis method was more useful than the LiDAR-based data for 3D model formation for each generation method, and serious consideration of GSD and overlap of the image was necessary. In addition, in this study, as a result of applying the method of performing CV analysis by fusion of images with different acquisition times or fusion of raw point cloud data acquired at the same time during CV analysis, CV analysis through two data fusion was found to be effective in improving absolute accuracy and relative quality.

CV-19팬데믹 위협과 중국 진출 한국 제조 기업 리쇼어링 결정 요인과 관련성 연구

정광영,채명신 한국국제경영관리학회 2021 국제경영리뷰 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 포터의 다이아몬드 모델을 활용, 중국 현지 생산 조건, 시장 조건, 관련 조건, 경영 여건 및 그간 선행 연구에서 비중 있게 다루지 않은 중국 정부의 정책(정부)과 스마트팩토리 기술 적용(기회)을 독립변수로 추가하여, 코로나19 팬데믹 위협(이하, ‘CV-19’로 표기함)의 조절 효과를 중심으로 중국 진출 한국 제조 기업의 리쇼어링 결정에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하고 있다. 중국 현지에 위치 한 98개 기업을 대상으로 실시한 설문 조사 및 인터뷰 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시장 조건, 관련 조건, 정부 정책은 P<0.05 유의 수준 하에서, 스마트팩토리 기술 적용은 P<0.1 유의 수준 하에서 각각 리쇼어 링에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 선행 연구들이 강조하는 바와 같이 시장 접근 어려움, 낮은 산업 연관효과, 정부 규제, 스마트리쇼어링1) 등이 국내 기업의 리쇼어링을 촉진할 수 있는 요인임을 시사한다. 한편 생산 조건, 경영 여건은 리쇼어링 에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 국내의 경직된 고용구조와 중국 정부의 외자기업에 대한 지재권 보호법 시행 등 경영여건 개선 노력이 반영된 것으로 분석된다. 둘째, CV-19의 조절 효과를 검증한 결과 CV-19가 생산 조건, 시장 조건, 관련 조건, 경영 여건, 정부 정책, 스마트팩토리 기술 적용 과 상호 작용을 통해 리쇼어링을 강화시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 중국의 조기 생산 및 시장 여건의 정상화, 현지 시장을 타 깃팅으로 한 한국 기업의 진출 형태, 중국의 우수한 공급망, 경영의 현지화(In China, For China), 그리고 중국 정부의 정책적 측면이 복합적으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 언론과 연구기관의 예상과 달리 CV-19가 리쇼어링의 조절 변수임을 확인할 수는 없었으나 CV-19 발생지로 추정되고 있는 중국에서 비즈니스 활동을 하고 있는 진출 기업의 현지 사업장을 대상으로 설문, 인터뷰 및 문헌 조사 등 다양한 각도에서 이를 규명하려 노력했다. 둘째, CV-19를 계기로 한국 정부에서 2030년까지 스마트팩토리 2000개 도입 등 정책 적 지원을 확대하고 있는 시점에서 스마트팩토리 기술 적용이 리쇼어링에 유의미한 영향을 규명했다. 셋째, 선행연구에서 리쇼어링 걸림돌로 지속적으로 제기되고 있는 노동시장 경직성, 각종 노동 관련 규제, 높은 법인세 및 환경 규제 등을 재확인 한 바 향후 정부의 리쇼어링 정책 수립 시 시사점을 제공했다. This study, using Porter's diamond model, empirically analyzes the impact of the following independent variables on reshoring decisions of Korean manufacturing companies in China with a focus on the moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic threat (hereinafter referred to as 'CV-19'): production conditions; market conditions; related & supported conditions; management conditions in China; the Chinese government policies; and smart factory technology application, which have not been heavily addressed in previous studies. The results of surveys and interviews conducted with 98 Korean companies located in China are as follows: First, the study confirmed that market, related & supporting and Chinese government policies significantly impacted reshoring decisions at a significance level of P<0.05 and smart factory technology application at a significance level of P<0.1. As shown in previous studies, this result confirms that high market barriers, low industry-related effects, government regulations and smart reshoring act as triggers for Korean companies’ reshoring decisions. On the other hand, production and management factors did not appear to be associated with reshoring operations; this may be due to the Chinese government’s efforts to improve management conditions by enforcing IPR protect law, but Korea’s already rigid employment structure. Second, after accounting for the moderating effect of CV-19, it was found that production, market, related & supporting, management, government policies and smart factory technology application did not accelerate reshoring. This seems to result from a variety of factors: stabilisation of production and market conditions in China; Korean companies’ initial strategies when entering the Chinese market; China’s exceptional supply chains; companies tailoring their management systems to fit the local people and the Chinese government’s policies. Contrary to the expectations of the media and research institutes, this study could not confirm that the CV-19 is a moderating variable for reshoring. However, there is meaning to this study in the sense that as an early study, it tries to clarify whether or not CV-19 is a moderating variable from various angles, including surveys, interviews with Korean companies in China and literature review. In addition, in the light of the Korean government’s plan to expand policy support such as the introduction of 2000 smart factories by 2030, this study identified the significant impact of smart factory technology application on reshoring decisions. Lastly, this study explores implications of reshoring obstacles like rigid labor market, labor regulations, high corporate tax, and environmental regulations.

두개천골요법 중 제4뇌실 압박 시 심박변이도와 전두엽 뇌파의 변화

임정옥,심준영 한국웰니스학회 2020 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study aims to suggest neurophysiological ground and clinical meaning of heart rate variability and EEG changes of frontal lobe during the compression of the 4th ventricle (CV-4) treatment in Craniosacral therapy. For this, the CV-4 treatment was conducted with 21 women of average 55 yeard old for 10 min respectively through 5 weeks. The measurement was performed at 200 sec. before the treatment, 200 sec. shortly after the treatment, 200~400 sec. after the treatment and 400~600 sec. after the treatment. The results of repeated measures of ANOVA were as follows. First, it was found in heart rate variability that the mean value increased gradually in SDNN, RMSSD, and HRV-index from the period after treatment to the final period. It means that CV-4 treatment could lead to the activation of parasympathetic nervous system and improvement of physiological resilience as time goes by. Second, alpha mean frequency in quantitative EEG change enhanced toward quick rhythm as it progresses from the period before treatment to final period after treatment. Moreover, in alpha asymmetry, alpha power of the left brain was enhanced after 200 sec. of the treatment. It suggests that the CV-4 treatment induced the arousal of mind and body and led the quick rhythm of left brain to the rest and relaxation as time goes by. Therefore, it was suggested that since the heart rate variability and EEG index reflected the influence of the CV-4 after 200 sec. of the treatment, it would be available as the basic material of the treatment process considering it in the clinical conditions. 이 연구는 두개천골요법 중 제 4뇌실 압박법(CV-4) 처치 과정동안 심박변이도와 전두엽 뇌파 변화에 대한 신경생리학적 근거 및 임상적 의미를 제시하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 평균나이 55세의 중년여성 21명을 대상으로 5주 동안 CV-4 처치를 각각 10분씩 실시하였다. 측정 시점은 처치 전 200초, CV-4 처치 직후 200초, 처치 후 200~400초, 처치 후 400~600초 구간으로 구분하였다. 반복측정분산분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 심박변이도 변화에서는 SDNN, RMSSD, HRV-index 지표에서 공통적으로 처치 직후 시점부터 마지막 시점으로 갈수록 평균값이 점점 증가하였다. 이는 CV-4 처치가 시간의 경과에 따라 부교감 신경계 활성과 생리적 회복탄력성을 높여주는 방향으로 심신 유도가 이루어질 수 있음을 의미한다. 두 번째, 정량화 뇌파 지표 변화에서 Alpha 평균주파수는 처치 전 시점부터 처치 후 마지막 시점으로 갈수록 빠른 리듬의 방향으로 평균 주파수가 높아졌다. 또한 Alpha 비대칭에서는 처치 200초 이후 시점에서 좌뇌의 Alpha 파워가 높아졌다. 이는 CV-4 처치가 시간 경과에 따라 심신의 각성을 유도하고 좌뇌의 빠른 리듬을 휴식 및 이완의 방향으로 유도함을 의미한다. 따라서 심박변이도와 뇌파 지표는 공통적으로 처치 200초 이후 시점부터 CV-4의 영향력이 반영되므로 임상현장에서 이를 고려한 처치 과정에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

하고초 약침이 LPS로 유발된 급성염증 백서 모델에 미치는 영향

이종욱 ( Jong Wook Lee ),이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ),이은 ( Eun Lee ),이준무 ( Joon Moo Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.3

Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (n=8), LPS control (n=8), LPS+ Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV4 (CV4, n=8), LPS+ Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at ST36 (ST36, n=8), and LPS+ Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 (CV12, n=8). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by peritoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) from blood and liver tissue were compared before and 5 hrs after inflammation induction. Results: In CV4 and CV12 groups, plasma IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels increased by LPS injection, significantly decreased 5 hrs after injection (p<0.05). For CV12 group, plasma IL-10 concentration significantly increased (p<0.05). Liver IL-1β and IL-6 levles significantly decreased in CV4 and CV12 groups (P<0.05), while normal and LPS control groups were not significantly different in TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly decreased in CV12 group, while there was no significant difference among LPS control and pharmacopuncture groups for liver TBARS concentration. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potentially preventive anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

『침구경험방(鍼灸經驗方)』 침중완혈수법(鍼中脘穴手法) 연구

오준호 ( Jun Ho Oh ),안상우 ( Sang Woo Ahn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.2

Objectives: Chim-Gu-Kyung-Heom-Bang(CGKHB; 鍼灸經驗方) is the needle and moxa specialized document written by the doctor specialized in needle and moxa treatment of Joseon(朝鮮), Heo Im(1570-1647). The document was published in April 1644(22nd year of King Injo). CGKHB contains the needle and moxa treatment techniques accumulated by the Joseon Dynasty as well as the personal experience of Heo Im. The aim of this study is to restore the past treatment method as a method of Needle Insertion Method at CV12(NIM-CV12, needle to penetrate blood vessel technique) in CGKHB.. Methods: Through Dong-Yi-Bao-Gam(DYBG; 東醫寶鑑), the implication of Korean medicine study of the Jungwan(CV12) has been studied. Next is the contemplation of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB with the Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of 『Geup Yubang』. Results and Conclusions: 1. CV12 is one of the acupuncture points representing stomach(脾胃), middle energizer(中焦), phlegm-fluid retention(痰飮) and greater yin(太陰). 2. NIM-CV12 of CGKHB is the technique to penetrate the needle into the CV12 strictly relying on tactile sense of a person who give the penetration. This CV12 administration was carried out at intervals of every 7 or 8 day. During the administration period, the patient was not allowed to intake excessive amount of food. 3. The Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of 『GeupYubang』, existed in the same era of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB, have similar linkage to the NIM-CV12 of Heo Im.

고지방 식이 흰쥐의 비만에 대한 중완·수분, 합곡·곡지 전침 자극의 효과

최용준,최병선,안민섭,김재효,안성훈,권강범,김인섭,황태옥,류도곤,조남근 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives : To learn the effects of CV12·CV9 and LI4·LI11 electroacupuncture stimulation on high fat diet induced-obese mouse. Methods : The control group was provided with high fat diet without electroacupuncture stimulation, while the experimental group CV12·CV9 and LI4·LI11 with three frequencies(10㎐, 100㎐, 200㎐) for 5 times a week during five week periods with the high fat diet. We investigated the body weight, weight gain, and food intake. Results : After the electroacupuncture stimulation, a significant loss of increasement in weight was found in the experimental group compared with the high fat diet group. But there was no significant dif- ference made by the change of acupoint combinations and frequencies. After the electroacupuncture stimu- lation, no significant change was found in the food intakes, but the weight gain a week was decreased compared with high fat diet group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture stimulation on CV12·CV9 and LI4·LI11 might be effective in treatments of obesity to high fat diet.

엄밀 CV이론의 재검토

이상직 사단법인 한국언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.0 No.67

With respect to the standard government phonology, the syllabic constituents consist of the onset, the nucleus and the rhyme. On the other hand, Lowenstamm proposes the Strict CV Theory. In this theory, the syllabic structure is composed of CV sequences. He argues that for all languages closed syllables, geminate consonants, and long vowels must be reanalyzed in terms of sequences of light open syllables. For instance, geminate consonants typically analyzed as two syllables but three syllables in terms of CV theory. Given such an impoverished version of segment organization, he claims that important generalizations regarding the behaviour of long vowels and clusters of consonants cannot be expressed. However, one of the CV theory problems is the closed domain. According to Lowenstamm, the empty v position within the close domain is ‘taken care of’ by being in the domain. In other words, it does not absorb the proper government coming from the following V position, thus it can land on the word-initial empty v position. As Szigetvari pointed out, allowing proper government to cross may not traverse a governing domain. The two governing domains that government has in mind are onset clusters, which involve an empty vocalic position on CV skeletons. Proper government may not cross such a domain because the intervening empty v position absorbs.