이슈리더십:주의자원(Attention Resource)의 관점

백기복,Kibok Baik 대한리더십학회 2013 리더십연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 이슈리더십에 대한 심리적, 뇌신경적, 생물학적 해석을 통하여 향후의 새로운 연구방향을 제시하려는 목적이다. 이슈현저성, 주의확보, 선택 이라는 이슈리더십 관련현상을 해석함에 있어 ‘주의자원’(attention resource) 이 핵심역할을 하는 것으로 보았다. 주의자원이란 특정이슈에 있어 리더와 오디언스간의 거리의 총량이라고 보고, 주의와 뇌구조, 주의의 학습 또는 훈련가 능성, 선택적 주의 프로세스, 주의자원고갈과 재충전이론(Attention Restoration Theory) 등을 다뤘다. 주의란 초점, 유지, 방어, 전환의 속성을 갖는 유한자원 이며, 자발적/의도적 주의집중은 결국 주의자원을 고갈시키므로 재충전의 필요 성과 방법을 정리하였다. 이슈리더는 오디언스의 주의자원 고갈여부를 살펴야 하며, 때때로 재충전기회를 마련해야 하고, 이슈의 수명주기관리가 필요하며, 이슈자체가 비자발적 속성을 갖도록 구축되어야 한다는 점 등을 제시하였다. 이슈리더십 및 주의자원과 관련된 향후의 연구방향과 과제들을 논의하였다. The purpose of the present study was to propose a new direction for the issue leadership research from psychological, neurological, and physiological perspectives. Such factors as issue salience, attention attainment, and selective attention seem to play a pivotal role in explaining attention resource. Defining attention resource as summation of distances between a leader and audience for each issue, we have dealt with topics as in attention-governing brain structure, attention modification, selective attention process, and “ego depletion”/attention restoration theory. It has been posited that attention is a limited resource that contains process steps like focus, retention, defense, and transition, the over-utilization of which results in depletion of attention resource to the extent that restoration is needed before another charge is made. In this vein, suggestions have been made to the effects that issue leaders need to look into whether or not the audience’s attention resource has been depleted, to make opportunities for occasional restoration of attention resource, manage a life cycle for each issue, and write issues characteristic of involuntary attributes.

이슈리더십: 주의자원(Attention Resource)의 관점

백기복 리더십학회 2012 리더십연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to propose a new direction for the issue leadership research from psychological, neurological, and physiological perspectives. Such factors as issue salience, attention attainment, and selective attention seem to play a pivotal role in explaining attention resource. Defining attention resource as summation of distances between a leader and audience for each issue, we have dealt with topics as in attention-governing brain structure, attention modification, selective attention process, and “ego depletion”/attention restoration theory. It has been posited that attention is a limited resource that contains process steps like focus, retention, defense, and transition, the over-utilization of which results in depletion of attention resource to the extent that restoration is needed before another charge is made. In this vein, suggestions have been made to the effects that issue leaders need to look into whether or not the audience’s attention resource has been depleted, to make opportunities for occasional restoration of attention resource, manage a life cycle for each issue, and write issues characteristic of involuntary attributes. 본 연구는 이슈리더십에 대한 심리적, 뇌신경적, 생물학적 해석을 통하여향후의 새로운 연구방향을 제시하려는 목적이다. 이슈현저성, 주의확보, 선택이라는 이슈리더십 관련현상을 해석함에 있어 ‘주의자원’(attention resource) 이 핵심역할을 하는 것으로 보았다. 주의자원이란 특정이슈에 있어 리더와 오디언스간의 거리의 총량이라고 보고, 주의와 뇌구조, 주의의 학습 또는 훈련가능성, 선택적 주의 프로세스, 주의자원고갈과 재충전이론(Attention Restoration Theory) 등을 다뤘다. 주의란 초점, 유지, 방어, 전환의 속성을 갖는 유한자원이며, 자발적/의도적 주의집중은 결국 주의자원을 고갈시키므로 재충전의 필요성과 방법을 정리하였다. 이슈리더는 오디언스의 주의자원 고갈여부를 살펴야하며, 때때로 재충전기회를 마련해야 하고, 이슈의 수명주기관리가 필요하며, 이슈자체가 비자발적 속성을 갖도록 구축되어야 한다는 점 등을 제시하였다. 이슈리더십 및 주의자원과 관련된 향후의 연구방향과 과제들을 논의하였다.

초등학교 학생들의 경관선호 분석 -주의회복 이론을 중심으로-

류한승 ( Han Seung Ryu ),남상준 ( Sang Joon Nam ) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2011 초등교과교육연구 Vol.13 No.-

주의회복 이론(Attention Restoration Theory: ART)은 자연물이 우리에게 주는 심리적인 회복 효과에 대한 이론 중의 하나이다. 생태환경에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 환경설계 분야에서는 인간의 심리와 행태의 연구에 주목하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 주의회복 이론을 배경으로 하여 초등학교 학생들의 경관 선호를 분석하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 초등학교 학생들이 경관에 대해서 사용하고 있는 학교경관형용사들을 분석하였다. 8경관에 대해 총 896개의 형용사 표현들이 있었으며 152종류로 구분되었다. 둘째, 학생들의 경관에 대한 사고를 유형화하여 분석하였다. 기존 경관 연구에서 제시된 유형들을 중심으로 학생들이 설문에서 기술했던 문장 및 단어를 분류하였다. 셋째, 각 경관별로 회복환경의 4가지 요인을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 주의회복 이론의 가장 중요한 요소인 매혹감이 각 경관에 고르게 나타나 있음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 학생들이 촬영한 경관 사진과 실제 장소에서의 매력물과의 선호 방식을 비교하였다. 다섯째, 경관에 대한 분석을 통하여 학교환경설계에 시사점을 도출하였다. The Attention Restoration Theory (ART) is a theory on how natural things give the effect of psychological restoration to people. With increasing interest in ecological environment, researchers in the field of environment design are paying attention to human psychology and behavior. First, we analyzed adjectives that elementary students were using to describe school landscape. For the eight types of landscape, a total of 896 adjectives were used and they were classified into 152 types. Second, we categorized and analyzed the types of students` thinking of landscape. Basal of 8ypes suggested in previous research of landscape, we classified sentences and words that students used in the questionnaire survey. Third, we analyzed the four factors of restorative environment for each 8ype of landscape. Furtherm re, it was found that fascinations, the m st important factor in the attention restoration theory, appeared evenly in each 8ype of landscape. Fourth, we compared students` preference betweef landscape photographs takef by students and fascinations in the actual places. Lastly, the results of landscape analysis can contribute to the design of school environment.

주의 회복 이론과 행태 지원 요소를 적용한 해외 노인복지시설 치유환경 사례연구

정재훈,김광호 한국실내디자인학회 2022 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study is to find a way for the Soft Fascination in the natural environment to work in the elderly welfare facilities, as well as to find the relationship between attention restoration theory and elements of behavioral affordance. The method theoretically considers the healing environment, behavioral affordance elements, and recovery environment formation elements of the attention restoration theory. The relationship between the eight elements of behavioral affordance and the four healing environment formation elements of attention recovery theory was then examined using items from the perceived restorativeness scale. Based on this, an analysis framework was prepared to explore ways to provide a recovery environment in elderly welfare facilities by analyzing overseas elderly welfare facilities. The results of this study show that the behavioral support element has a complex interrelationship, including the concept of recovery environment in multiple attention recovery theories; however, in general, compatibility and extent are associated with active (+) behavioral affordance elements, while the fascination and being away are associated with passive (−) behavioral affordance elements. To create an overall healing environment in elderly welfare facilities, it is necessary to adequately plan an active space while avoiding bias toward passive space.

주의회복이론의 타당성에 관한 탐색적 연구: 일상 생활권의 인지부하 수준과 방문지 혼잡도의 조절효과 검증

김선아,김민주 한국관광학회 2021 관광학연구 Vol.45 No.7

회복환경지각에 대한 선행연구들은 회복환경지각의 효과에만 관심을 집중해 왔으며, 이러한 효과가 나타나는 배경에 관한 경험적 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 평소 생활의 인지부하 수준과 방문지의 혼잡지각 수준이 회복환경지각과 심리적 효과 간의 관계에서 조절변수로 작용하는지를 검증함으로써 주의회복 이론의 타당성을 검토하였다. 우선 선행연구를 바탕으로 회복환경지각의 항목을 구성하고, 두 차례의 예비조사를 실시하였다. 예비조사와 본 조사는 장흥군 편백 숲 우드 랜드 관광을 마치고 귀가하는 관광객을 연구대상으로 하였다. 2018년 9월 25일(화)부터 9월 26일(수)까지의 총 2일간 설문조사를 실시하였고, 총 250부가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과 회복환경지각이 단기적 심리 회복의 경우 회복환경지각이 심리적 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회복환경지각의 구성요인 중 '휴식과 보편적 매력'이 심리적 회복에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 주의회복이론 가설의 타당성은 이 연구에서 검증되지 않았지만, 일상생활의 인지부하가 적정 수준 이하이면 이 가설이 타당할 수 있다는 증거를 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 자연 환경에서의 혼잡 지각은 회복환경지각과 단기적 심리적 회복 사이의 인과관계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 입증되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 주의회복이론의 논지가 타당하더라도 관광지의 혼잡도와 방문자의 일상생활에서의 인지부하에 대해서 유의미하게 고려해야 함을 시사한다. This study examines the validity of the attention restoration theory by exploring the relationship between perception of recovery environment and psychological effect. It was also investigated whether the level of cognitive load in everyday life and the level of perception of congestion at the place of visit act as a moderating variable. Items to measure the variables were organized based on prior researches, and two preliminary surveys were conducted. The population of the study was tourists returning home after visiting Jangheung-gun Cypress Forest Woodland. The survey was conducted from September 25 to September 26, 2018, and a total of 250 samples were used for the final data analysis. Results show that the perception of the recovery environment had a positive effect on psychological recovery in the case of short-term psychological recovery. In addition, it was found that 'rest and universal attraction' among the components of the perception of recovery environment had the most significant effect on psychological recovery. Although the validity of the attention restoration theory hypothesis was not tested in this study, evidences of this study suggest that the hypothesis could be valid if the cognitive load of daily life was below an appropriate level. Also, findings of this study show that congestion perception in the natural environment has a significant effect on the causal relationship between recovery environment perception and short-term psychological recovery.

힐링관광 참여자의 주의회복과 치유프로그램에 대한 감정이 삶의 만족과 충성도에 미치는 영향

김진옥(Kim, Jin-OK),이진의(Lee, Jin-Eui),김도영(Kim, Do-young) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2015 한국호텔외식경영학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of healing tourism, a part of health tourism, on the quality of life of tourists by applying attention restoration theory. According to attention restoration theory, as the modern people feel psychological fatigue due to consumption of directive attention in city life, they try to restore directive attention through natural environment. Following this desire, the modern people come to seek nature-based healing tourism. Thus, targeting participants in nature-based healing tourism, this study divided attention restoration experience into rest and peace and thought arrangement, and examined their effects on satisfaction with life and loyalty through healing programs. A survey was performed targeting tourists of the Healing Forest, and totally 308 questionnaires were used for an empirical analysis. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that rest and peace and attention restoration significantly influence emotion for healing programs, and emotion for Healing programs significantly influences satisfaction with life and loyalty. This result indicates that the quality of life of tourists can be improved through Healing programs. In addition, it turned out that emotion for healing programs significantly influences loyalty, which indicates that emotion for healing programs could induce word-of-mouth effect or revisit. In conclusion, it is thought that the Healing Forest is playing a great role as a healing tourism destination, and it is essential to develop this kind of tourism destinations for modern people’s mental health and quality of life.

旅游度假区游客环境恢复性感知对满意度与游后行为意向的影响 - 以扬州瘦西湖为例

吴蕾,김창수,万蕊 국립부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2024 인문사회과학연구 Vol.25 No.1

이 연구는 환경회복인식이론을 적용하여 중국 명승지 관광이 여행자의 만족도와 여행 후 행동의향에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 환경 심리학과 관광지 연구 분야에서 환경회복인식이론은 점점 더 많은 학자들의 관심을 받고 있다. 환경회복인식이론은 '목적지 관광객 환경회복인식'과 '관광객의 목적지 환경 회복성 인식'에 주목하여 관광 체험에서 관광객의 심리·생리·사회적 능력 회복을 탐구하였다. 현재 선행연구는 주로 국립공원, 동물원 등의 사례연구에 집중되어 있으나, 중국 인문·레저 경관류 관광휴양지에 대한 연구는 비교적 적고, 이러한 유형의 휴양지 방문객 환경 회복에 대한 인식과 만족도, 여행 후 행동의향 간의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구도 드물다. 본 연구는 양저우 쭈오시후(扬州瘦西湖) 관광지를 중심으로 설문조사와 현장조사 연구 등 방법으로 자료를 수집하고, SPSS 통계분석으로 신뢰도 검사, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석을 실시하여 관광객의 환경회복인식이 만족도와 여행 후 행동의향에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이에 대한 대책을 제시했다. 분석결과에 따르면, 인문·레저 경관형 관광 휴양지 관광객의 환경회복인식(PDRQs)의 정도와 심리적 탈출 차원은 관광객의 만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 관광객은 자신의 취향, 동기 및 관광지의 매칭정도가 높으면 만족도도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 관광객 환경회복인식(PDRQs)의 용인 차원과 물리적 탈출은 여행 후 행동의향에 직접적이고 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여행을 통해 마음이 편해지고 스트레스도 감소하기 때문에 다시 여행을 하고, 추천할 의향이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 인문·레저 경관류의 관광 휴양지 환경회복인식에 대한 연구를 통해 인문경관 관광지의 서비스 질을 향상시키고 각지에서 관광객의 수요와 만족도에 부합되는 고품질의 관광상품을 더 많이 만들도록 촉진하며, 휴양지 환경경관의 회복, 건설, 재창조와 발전이 필요하다는 정책제안을 하였다. In the fields of environmental psychology and tourism destination research, the theory of environmental restoration perception has received increasing attention from scholars. They focus on "destination tourist environmental restoration perception" and "tourist perception of destination environmental restoration", exploring the characteristics of tourists in restoring their psychological, physiological, and social abilities during their travel experience. The current research results mainly focus on case studies of national parks, zoos, etc., and there is relatively little research on tourism resorts with cultural and leisure landscapes in China. There are also few empirical studies on the relationship between environmental restoration awareness, satisfaction, and post tourism behavioral intention of tourists in these types of resorts. This article takes the Slender West Lake Scenic Area in Yangzhou as an example, and uses methods such as questionnaire survey, SPSS statistical analysis, and field research to conduct sample analysis, reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and induction summary. It studies the impact of tourists' perception of environmental recovery on satisfaction and post trip behavioral willingness, and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Research has shown that the degree dimension and psychological escape dimension of PDRQs have a direct positive effect on tourist satisfaction in cultural and leisure landscape tourism resorts. Tourists value and pursue matching their hobbies, motivations, and destination to achieve higher levels of satisfaction. The compatibility dimension and physical escape in tourist environmental restoration perception (PDRQs) have a direct positive effect on post tourism behavioral intention. Tourists who are psychologically away from fatigue and reduce work attention will have an enhanced intention to revisit and recommend. The research on the awareness of environmental restoration in cultural and leisure scenic tourist resorts will help improve the service quality of scenic tourist destinations, promote the creation of more high-quality tourism products that meet the needs and satisfaction of tourists in various regions, and provide practical guidance for the restoration, construction, reconstruction, and development of the environmental landscape in resort areas.

섬 관광동기와 회복환경지각의 관계 - 주의회복이론을 중심으로 -

이재우,김월호 한국도서(섬)학회 2023 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.35 No.1

Islands are a place of rest and relaxation, and interest in islands at home and abroad has increased in recent years. The attractive factors of island tourism, such as the beautiful marine environment, fresh marine products, and unique and exotic natural and cultural features, act as factors that continuously attract tourists. This is due to the transformation of the island into a tourist destination due to improved accessibility, the conversion of tourism behavior to a nature-centered tourist destination, and the social trend of healing through seeking rest and recovery in the natural environment. Activities based on the natural environment have been shown to have a significant effect on the recovery of human positive emotions through previous studies applying the attention recovery theory. However, domestic research on the recovery environment based on the resources of the island, which is a complex space of green and blue space, is insufficient. Humans are the subject of recovery, and destinations based on nature provide the resources needed for recovery. In order to understand the process as well as the results of recovery, research on the restorative environment should include the behavior of pursuing the restorative environment in the scope of the research. Studies on major antecedent variables that explain behaviors, according to restorative environment studies, should be accompanied. This study presented the relationship between travel motivation, which is an antecedent variable of tourism behavior, and the restorative environment as a research question to understand the outcome and process of recovery. Through this, the theoretical significance and practical implications for the development of domestic island tourism were presented. Accordingly, this study conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between travel motivation and perceived restorative environments targeting domestic island tourists. As the first step, the concept and component factors of travel motivation and perceived restorative environments were derived through a literature review and previous research, and measurement variables were extracted. The survey was collected online and offline from 240 people who had experienced island travel within the past year. For the empirical analysis of the effective sample, frequency analysis, validity and reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, an independent sample t-test, and a one-way analysis of variance were performed. The results of the study show that there is a correlation between push motivation (knowledge expansion, novelty, relaxation, bonding), pull motivation (natural environment, facilities and accessibility, primitiveness, gastronomy), and perceived restorative environments (fascination, coherence, being away, compatibility, legibility). In addition, it was found that there was a difference in the perceived restorative environment according to demographic characteristics (gender, travel period). The theoretical significance of this study can be found in the fact that it can be used as basic academic data to understand the relationship between island travel motivation and the perceived restorative environment of islands based on travel motivation type. As a practical implication, it is to provide basic data for the development of island travel market segmentation data.

순천만국가정원 방문객들의 회복환경지각, 회복경험 및 행복감의 관계: 주의회복이론을 바탕으로

강희엽(Kang, Hee-Yeob),서광봉(Suh, Kwang-Bong) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2020 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among perceived restorativeness, recovery experience and happiness of Suncheon bay national garden visitors. This study investigated the process of perceived restorativeness leading to recovery experience and happiness health by applying attention restoration theory. To achieve the goal of this study, 321 surveys were collected from Suncheon bay national garden visitors. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS program. The results of this study were as follows. First, perceived restorativeness had positive effect on recovery experience. Second, perceived restorativness had positive effect on happiness. Third, recovery experience had positive effect on happiness. In conclusion, the finding of this study highlight that perceived restorativness is one of significant resources that can promote recovery experience and happiness and contribute to empirical support for attention restoration theory.

코로나19 상황에서 자연기반 여행은 사람들의 여행행복을 증진시키는가? - 위험지각, 주의회복이론 및 여행행복을 중심으로 -

정산설,김경배,이훈 한국관광학회 2021 관광학연구 Vol.45 No.5

With the global spread of COVID-19, there have been constraints on tourism behavior, which are increasing the negative emotion of tourists. To recover from this negativity, tourists are pursuing domestic nature-based travel as much as possible in the current situation. This study aims to empirically confirm whether natural tourist destinations have the effect on helping tourist recover from COVID-inspired negativity and if perceived happiness is enhanced for those who traveled to natural tourists destination during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. In order to test the hypothesized model, data were collected from an online survey from September 5th to September 19th. A total of 742 of 845 responses were used for empirical analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that physical risk perception did not affect perceived restorative environment, while psychological risk perception and socio-environmental risk perception had an impact on perceived restorative environment. Second, it was found that the perceived restorative environment had an impact on perceived attention restoration. Third, it was found that the perceived attention restoration had an impact on travel happiness (subjective well-being). This study is meaningful in that it theoretically verified the importance and positive role of domestic nature-based tourist destinations in a psychologically negative state. Based on the results of the study, natural tourism destination development directions were proposed for tourism business corporales and public institutions. 코로나19의 전 세계적 확산으로 관광 활동에 제약이 생겨 관광객들의 부정적 심리가 증가하고 있다. 이를 회복하기 위해 여행객은 현 상황에서 가능한 국내 자연기반 여행을 추구하고 있다. 이에 따라 코로나19 거리두기 기간에 자연관광지를 여행한 사람을 대상으로 자연대상 관광지가 관광객의 부정적 심리를 회복하고 행복을 지각하게 하는 효과가 있는지 실증적으로 확인하고자 한다. 이 연구를 위해 코로나 거리두기 기간에 자연기반 관광지를 방문한 경험이 있는 관광객을 대상으로 2020년 9월 5일부터 2019년 9월 19일까지 온라인 설문조사를 진행하였고, 845부 중 742부를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석은 기술 통계분석, 분산분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 등을 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체적 위험지각은 회복환경지각에 영향력이 없는 반면 심리적 위험지각 및 사회·환경적 위험기각은 모두 회복환경지각에 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 회복환경지각은 주의회복에 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주의회복은 여행행복에 영향력이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 심리적으로 부정적 상태에서 여행공간으로써 국내 자연기반 관광지의 중요성과 긍정적 역할을 이론적으로 검증하고 확장하였다는 점에서 이 연구는 의의가 있다. 연구 결과를 토대로 국내 자연 관광지 개발 및 마케팅을 진행할 예정인 사업체나 기관이 자연 관광지의 발전 방향을 설정하는데 의미 있는 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다.