한국, 미국, 스웨덴의 소비문화 비교 -성별, 세대별 차이를 중심으로-

김선우 ( Sunwoo Kim ) 한국소비자학회 2013 소비자학연구 Vol.24 No.3

In the era of globalization since 1990``s, many global companies are actively pursuing crosscultural consumer understanding for optimized marketing decision. A lot of marketing efforts may be wasted or even hurt its brand due to the cultural or linguistic failure. With this background, culture has been a major research theme in the field of consumer studies, business management and consumer psychology. But the early researches with cross-cultural perspectives were mostly adopted qualitative ethnographic research methods to understand various aspects of the consumer culture. Empirical researches for cross-cultural consumer understanding from the global point of view are still emerging area. This research aimed to understand consumer culture and investigate gender and generation difference in the global context. An online survey was conducted to the 1,500 respondents in 20``s to 40``s of three metropolitan cities in Republic of Korea, USA and Sweden: Seoul, New York, and Stockholm. The dimensions and measures of consumer culture were adopted which was developed by S. Kim and R. Kim in 2011. Shortly introducing the dimensions and measures of consumer culture, consumer culture can be defined as an interaction of meaning via consumer goods, and herein, a meaning and an interactivity can be the main analysis unit. A consumer culture is classified into two dichotomies by meaning and interactivity; functional-symbolic and individual-social. These two dichotomies are combined into a 2×2 cross-classification, and four-celled dimensions of consumer culture are produced; individual-functional, socio-functional, individual-symbolic and socio-symbolic. Each dimension has two sub-dimensions; ‘economical efficiency’ and ‘frugality’ (individual-functional dimension), ‘fun pursuing’ and ‘self expression’(individual-symbolic dimension), ‘approval by others’ and ‘brand-good preference’(socio-symbolic dimension), and ‘ethical action’ and ‘pro-environmental action’(socio-functional dimension). The main findings from the study are as below. First, consumption is dominantly perceived as a functional and individual human activity with the finding that the functional consumption level was apparently higher than the symbolic and the individual consumption level was higher than the social. There was no significant difference in the ‘economical efficiency’ by country while it was scored around 4 points among 5 points likert type scale. ‘Economical efficiency’ is perceived as the main consideration point for consumers in the developed market economy countries to achieve a consumption task. Second, Korean consumers scored higher in ‘approval by others’ based upon their collectivism culture, while American consumers concerned more on ‘self expression’ influenced by their individualism culture. Swedish preferences were more located in individual-functional dimension, while Korean and American were striving more individual or social symbolic consumption. This finding supports the theory that culture and consumption is interdependent. Third, there was an apparent difference in symbolic consumption by gender and generation but there was no significant difference by age and generation in the functional consumption. By gender, female was more focused on individual symbol but social symbol and ‘brand good preference’ was more important to western male. This is an evidence that the consumption is a mechanism to form and reinforce culture and habitualize its fixed stereotype systematically. In the perspective of generation, the younger was attached more to the symbolic consumption than the older. Generational commons were found in 30``s and 40``s in Korea and 20``s and 30``s in America and sweden. This can be explained that the maturity of the market economy and that of the consumer culture is closely related with each other. In western society, the market economy was already matured in early 1970``s and the generation X in 30``s and the early 40``s is the first generation born to be a consumer. But Korea was transformed to the consumption society after the middle of 1980``s and the generation Y in their 20``s and early 30``s has its own identity as homo consumens. One more discussion point from the generation difference perspective is that the younger in America and Sweden is more eager to the ethical and pro-environmental consumption activity while the older has higher tendency in the socio-functional consumption activities in Korea. This can be explained that the long civic engagement tradition in the western country affects consumer culture as well. To expand ethical and pro-environmental consumption in young generation, it is important for them to provide an well-organized education program to reinforce Korean civil society and enhance their identity as consumer citizen. This research tried to provide business managerial implication from the global marketing``s point of view and ultimately to contribute to the expansion of empirical consumer culture study. The research findings imply several managerial implications for efficient global marketing. Frist, Korean``s aspiration is a social symbol but an individual symbol appeals to American, while Swedish is mainly focusing on the functional benefits. In addition, female prefers to individual symbols but social symbols are the key for the male targeted marketing. Furthermore, Y generation in their 20``s and in early 30``s is eager to consume the symbolic images, which need to be deeply explored more on to understand the nature of the symbols and their preferred touch points. This research has some limitations as below. First, this research didn``t limit the product category and measured the overall consumer culture. If the different category dynamics can be considered in the future research, it will be much more clear to understand the cultural differences and to provide more sharpened implications. Furthermore, there was a tendency of lower score in some question items from Swedish consumers even though the author tried to make a best effort to achieve equivalence of the measures. More thorough approach should be considered to understand the cross-cultural differences in the response styles for the elaborate cross-cultural comparison study. Finally, this research only included countries with matured market economy but it is suggested to consider developing countries or eastern european countries as well to investigate the consumer adjustment process and their identity as consumer.

온라인 게임에서 한중 소비자의 문화심리 비교

김경진(Kim, Kyung Jin),이인구(Lee, Ihn-Goo) 한국문화산업학회 2012 문화산업연구 Vol.12 No.4

Almost research and general stereotype have accepted both Korea and China are influenced under same interdependent culture. China, however, has experienced various and dispersed political systems, tradition of mercantilism, and strong policy for population control. These experiences may affect Chinese to be more independent and personalized in comparison with Korean. This study proposes China is more independent culture than the case of Korea. This hypothesis was tested in domain of online computer game. Specifically, pretest informed important attributes of online game, and factor analysis briefed these attributes to two factors ? independent vs. interdependent components. Regression analysis said Chinese more focused on independent attributes and also independent game than the cases of Korean. And, mediation test asserted cultural difference between Korea and China is dominant variable dividing the difference of preference for online games. These results are somewhat provocative because China as communism is more independent culture than Korea as democracy. Also, theoretical and practical implications are reported in general discussion. Almost research and general stereotype have accepted both Korea and China are influenced under same interdependent culture. China, however, has experienced various and dispersed political systems, tradition of mercantilism, and strong policy for population control. These experiences may affect Chinese to be more independent and personalized in comparison with Korean. This study proposes China is more independent culture than the case of Korea. This hypothesis was tested in domain of online computer game. Specifically, pretest informed important attributes of online game, and factor analysis briefed these attributes to two factors ? independent vs. interdependent components. Regression analysis said Chinese more focused on independent attributes and also independent game than the cases of Korean. And, mediation test asserted cultural difference between Korea and China is dominant variable dividing the difference of preference for online games. These results are somewhat provocative because China as communism is more independent culture than Korea as democracy. Also, theoretical and practical implications are reported in general discussion.

Deconstructing Cultural Barriers Through Language

강상덕 ( Sang Deok Kang ) 한국영미문화학회 2008 영미문화 Vol.8 No.1

This paper seeks to present, discuss, and analyze the differences as well as the similarities between English and Korean. It is generally agreed that the categories of culture differ across different types of societies and cultures. It is also believed that Western culture differs from Eastern culture. So we tend to think that people in a different culture speak differently, eat differently, wear differently, and interact differently from those in another culture. But it is not necessarily and not always true. I prove this by focusing on how people in a different culture speak a different language without knowing that they actually use the same expressions as those in another culture use. I will deal not only with cultural barriers due to the differences between English and Korean but also with how to work out the problems through the similarities between the two languages.

남녀 근로자의 가족친화문화인식과 남녀평등문화인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 효과

김효선 한국여성정책연구원 2012 여성연구 Vol.79 No.-

Using the Wave 2 data of the Korean Women Manager Panel (KWMP) study, this study investigates how family friendly culture and gender equality culture affect female and male employees' organizational commitment. We also examined the gender difference in hypothesized effects. The result showed that employee's perception of family friendly culture and gender equality culture increased their organizational commitment. Also, the effect of familiy friendly culture was conditional on the perception of gender equality culture. That is, when employees perceive their culture as showing low level of gender equity, family friendly culture did not increase employees' organizational commitment. As for the gender difference, we found that the effect of perceived family friendly culture on organizational commitment was found among male employees rather than among female employees. There was no interaction effect of gender on perceived gender equality culture. Current study suggests that it is important to consider gender equity issue if organization tries to transform their culture into family friendly culture. The study also highlights that male employees could be important allies in building family friendly and gender equality workplace. 본 연구는 한국여성정책연구원에서 실시한 『여성인력패널조사: 여성관리자 패널조사의 2차 패널 데이터를 사용하여 조직내 가족친화적 문화에 대한 인식과 남녀평등문화에 대한 인식이 남녀 근로자의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한, 같은 조직이라 하더라도 가족친화문화와 남녀평등에 대한 인식 및 그 효과에 있어서 남녀간의 차이가 있을 수 있기 때문에 성별의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 근로자들이 자신의 직장이 가족친화적이라고 느낄수록, 그리고 남녀평등문화라고 느낄수록 조직몰입이 증가한다는 점을 보였다. 둘째, 가족친화문화가 조직몰입에 미치는 효과는 남녀평등문화에 대한 인식의 정도에 따라 조절되었다. 직장내 문화가 남녀평등적이라고 인식하고 있는 경우, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 조직몰입을 증가시켰으나, 직장내 문화가 남녀에게 불평등하다고 지각한 경우, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 오히려 근로자들의 조직몰입을 떨어뜨렸다. 셋째, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 여성근로자의 조직몰입을 높이는 효과가 미미한 반면, 남성근로자의 조직몰입을 유의미하게 증가시켰다. 남녀평등문화의 경우 조직몰입에 미치는 효과에서 남녀간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 종합하자면, 본 연구는 가족친화적인 문화가 성공하기 위해서는 직장내 남녀평등이 선행되어야 한다는 점을 보여주며, 가족친화문화가 여성근로자들보다 남성근로자들의 조직에 대한 충성도를 높이는데 오히려 더 큰 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다.

The East Meet the West: Deconstructing Cultural Barriers Through Language

Sang Deok Kang 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2011 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.1 No.1

This paper seeks to present, discuss, and analyze the differences as well as the similarities between English and Korean. It is generally agreed that the categories of culture differ across different types of societies and cultures. It is also believed that Western culture differs from Eastern culture. So we tend to think that people in a different culture speak differently, eat differently, wear differently, and interact differently from those in another culture. But it is not necessarily and not always true. I prove this by focusing on how people in a different culture speak a different language without knowing that they actually use the same expressions as those in another culture use. I will deal not only with cultural barriers due to the differences between English and Korean but also with how to work out the problems through the similarities between the two languages.

대중문화와 세대: 대중문화에 대한 인식을 중심으로

김수정 ( Su Jung Kim ),최슬기 ( Seul Ki Chol ),최샛별 ( Set Byol Chol ) 국민대학교 사회과학연구소 2014 사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.1

Popular culture, becoming increasingly influential in South Korean society, can be a place of generational gap and conflict. Yet, there is a dearth of studies that examine the generational differences in the area of popular culture. This study attempts to examine the generational differences in various popular culture-related matters. For this, this study analyzed the questions about opinions on popular culture in the data from ‘Investigation on Generational Cultural Experience and Cultural Conflict,`` drawn from 1,500 male and female adults across Korea, executed in 2011 by the Generational Cultural Experience and Cultural Conflict Research Group. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to analyze a total of 15 questions, including ‘positive influence of Korean popular culture,`` ‘negative influence of Korean popular culture,`` ‘consumers and necessity of popular culture,`` and ‘awareness on foreign popular culture.`` The result showed that South Korean`` awareness of popular culture is manifested as a generational diversity according to people in their 20s, 30-40s, 50s and 60-70s. Through an analysis of nationwide quantitative data, this study shows that the realm of popular culture can be an important place of generational differentiation along with politics, economy and society. Also, it is meaningful in that this study presents a contradictory result from the previous assumptions that saw the differences in the generational awareness of popular culture as merely an opposite composition or that predicted one would have a negative awareness of popular culture as one gets older.

보스니아-헤르쩨고비나의 음식 문화에 내재되어 있는 동양과 서양

김상헌(Kim, Sang-Hun) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2003 동유럽발칸학 Vol.5 No.-

일상 민속 가운데 '식문화'의 개념 속에는 한 민족을 다른 민족과 구별지우는 다양한 요소들이 존재한다. 그러한 다양한 요소들 가운데 민족의 정체성을 확고히 하는 요소는 물질로써의 음식 자체가 아니라, 한 민족의 식문화를 있게 하는 근본적인 요소들에 해당하는 민족이 처해 있는 자연적ㆍ사회적ㆍ경제적ㆍ역사적인 환경 등이 포함된다. 인간이 영유하는 음식과 관련된 모든 생활은 식습관이라고 하는 문화적 양식과 깊은 관련을 맺고 있으며, 식습관은 해당 민족의 고유한 문화 속에서 전승되고 발전되어 오면서, 사회와 문화 환경의 변화에 따른 새로운 요구와 기존에 전승되어 옹 식문화 전통이 혼합되어 이루어지는 것이라는 점에서 ‘역사적 산물’이라고도 할 수 있다 한 민족의 식습관은 문화의 형성과 변천, 그리고 그러한 변천에 있어서의 모든 과정을 나타내 보여주는 주요한 요소 가운데 하나이다. 따라서 음식과 관련된 식생활 문화는 각 민족의 문화적 특성 및 민족의 정체성을 확인할 수 있도록 하는데 있어서 중추적인 역할을 담당한다. 본고는 다양한 민족 구성을 이루고 있는 구(舊)유고슬라비아연방공화국 가운데 보스니。헤르쩨고비나 공화국의 식문화를 논의의 대상으로 삼는다. ‘다양한 종교 · 민족 구성을 보이는 보스니아의 식문화는 각 민족 간에 긴밀한 관계를 가진다’라는 전제하에 연역적인 방법을 통해 그러한 전제를 가능하게 하는 원인을 밝힌다. 보스니아의 식문화에 대한 구분은 종교적 구분과 정확하게 일치한다. 다시 말하면 보스니아의 종교를 크게 구분해서 볼 때,이슬람권, 가톨릭권, 정교권으로 나눌 수 있는데, 식문화의 갈래 또한 이들 세 문화권으로 크게 나누어 생각할 수 있다는 것이다 따라서 보스니아의 식문화를 연구함에 있어서, 우선 종교를 기준으로 하는 개별 문화권의 식문화의 양상을 살피는 일이 선행되어야 하며, 이들 서로 다른 종교 문화권의 식문화들이 어떠한 양상으로 서로 교섭했는가를 살펴야만 한다. Dining cultures are the cultural eating patterns acquired , transmitted and shared by members belonging to a specific race over a long period of time , In examining a specific country's dining culture , both direct and indirect elements must be considered. The direct elements. or those elements that directly relate to the food , include cooking materials , cooking methods, production, processing and table settings as well as the food itself. The indirect elements deal with the actual culture of the society. These are the fundamental elements that allow the dining culture to exist and include natural. social. economical and historical environments along with the particular race's inherent characteristics. Everything relevant to food and dictated by cultural patterns are referred to as eating habits. These eating habits may be construed as historical products in that they have been formed through time by a combination of the ever changing social and cultural demands with the already deep-rooted traditions of the culture. The eating habits of each race are the major elements responsible for the formation and change processes experienced by each dining culture. In turn , the overall dining customs playa key role in identifying each race's characteristics , including many elements both related and unrelated to food. So, it's safe to say that, if you understood a race's dining culture , you can accurately understand the race itself Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the original six republics of the Yugoslavia Federal Republic, suffered from civil war after the declaration of independence in 1992, Yugoslavia was then divided into two systems , Bosnia Federal (Federal of Islam and Croatia), and Serbia Republic, but still remained one nation. In Bosnia, which is a country based on a number of races with different religions , historical backgrounds and cultures,the enmities between races run deep, even if they all do speak the same language. The classification of Bosnia's eating culture corresponds with its religion, either Islam, Orthodox or Catholic. Each race's dining culture is deeply related to the history , geography, natural environment and racial characteristics experienced by each different religious sect. Since these different eating habits have been handed down, developed and influenced by the other races' ’ they have become products of history. The Bosnia reviewed in this study is an aggregation of different religions and cultures. In this regard , it hosts the condition in which various eating cultures had to be developed. We will not review the many foods found there but, instead, discuss how changes in the historical situation and composition of race have influenced eating cultures and how diverse religions managed to coexist in one nation throughout history.

남녀 근로자의 가족친화문화인식과 남녀평등문화인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 효과

김효선(Kim Hyo-sun) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2012 여성연구 Vol.83 No.-

본 연구는 한국여성정책연구원에서 실시한 『여성인력패널조사: 여성관리자 패널조사의 2차 패널 데이터를 사용하여 조직내 가족친화적 문화에 대한 인식과 남녀평등문화에 대한 인식이 남녀 근로자의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한, 같은 조직이라 하더라도 가족친화문화와 남녀평등에 대한 인식 및 그 효과에 있어서 남녀간의 차이가 있을 수 있기 때문에 성별의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 근로자들이 자신의 직장이 가족친화적이라고 느낄수록, 그리고 남녀평등문화라고 느낄수록 조직몰입이 증가한다는 점을 보였다. 둘째, 가족친화문화가 조직몰입에 미치는 효과는 남녀평등문화에 대한 인식의 정도에 따라 조절되었다. 직장내 문화가 남녀평등적이라고 인식하고 있는 경우, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 조직몰입을 증가시켰으나, 직장내 문화가 남녀에게 불평등하다고 지각한 경우, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 오히려 근로자들의 조직몰입을 떨어뜨렸다. 셋째, 가족친화문화에 대한 인식은 여성근로자의 조직몰입을 높이는 효과가 미미한 반면, 남성근로자의 조직몰입을 유의미하게 증가시켰다. 남녀평등문화의 경우 조직몰입에 미치는 효과에서 남녀간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 종합하자면, 본 연구는 가족친화적인 문화가 성공하기 위해서는 직장내 남녀평등이 선행되어야 한다는 점을 보여주며, 가족친화문화가 여성근로자들보다 남성근로자들의 조직에 대한 충성도를 높이는데 오히려 더 큰 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다. Using the Wave 2 data of the Korean Women Manager Panel (KWMP) study, this study investigates how family friendly culture and gender equality culture affect female and male employees' organizational commitment. We also examined the gender difference in hypothesized effects. The result showed that employee's perception of family friendly culture and gender equality culture increased their organizational commitment. Also, the effect of familiy friendly culture was conditional on the perception of gender equality culture. That is, when employees perceive their culture as showing low level of gender equity, family friendly culture did not increase employees' organizational commitment. As for the gender difference, we found that the effect of perceived family friendly culture on organizational commitment was found among male employees rather than among female employees. There was no interaction effect of gender on perceived gender equality culture. Current study suggests that it is important to consider gender equity issue if organization tries to transform their culture into family friendly culture. The study also highlights that male employees could be important allies in building family friendly and gender equality workplace.

『또 하나의 문화』의 여성시에 나타난 ‘차이’ 라는 여성 연대의 조건과 가능성

김보경(Kim, Bokyung) 한국현대문학회 2020 한국현대문학연구 Vol.0 No.60

본고는 여성운동·문학사에 있어서 무크지 『또 하나의 문화』(이하 『또문』)가 차지했던 위치를 가늠하고『또문』의 주요 문제의식을 추출하는 한편, 『또문』에 실린 여성시를 중심으로 그러한 문제의식이 어떠한 방식으로 심화되고 해소되었는지 확인하는데에 목적이 있다. 『또문』은 여성 해방 운동 주체에 대한 상상력이 전형화 되는 것을 경계하고 저마다 다른 위치성을 지닌 여성들의 연대에 기초해 여성 해방을 도모했다. 『또문』의 문학작품에서는 남성/여성뿐만 아니라 여성들 간의 차이와 분할을 생산하는 권력의 문제가 다뤄지는데, 본고는 ‘집안의 여성’에 대한 『또문』의 시각이 드러나는 시들에 주목했다. 먼저 고정희에게는 부르주아 계급인 여성들을 여성 해방의 연대체로 끌어안을 수 있을지가 문제가 된다. 고정희의 시에서는 이러한 여성들이 ‘정실부인’이라 지칭되며 비판되기도 하지만, 궁극적으로는 서로 간의 차이를 적대나 분열을 넘어서 연대의 기반으로 삼고자 하는 의식이 나타난다. 그 가능성은 ‘현장’에 대한 주목으로 구체화된다. 고정희는 「여자가 하나 되는 세상을 위하여」나 「우리 시대 섹스와 사랑 공청회」등에서 ‘현장’에 모였을 때 발생하는 제각기 다른 위치의 여성들로 구성된 연대체를 그려낸다. 이때 서로 다른 여성들을 직접 시의 화자로 끌어 들이는 형식은 다양한 여성들의 위치성을 드러내는 한편 서로 간의 모순과 충돌, 궁극적으로 연합과 연대의 장면을 부조하는 데에 효과를 거둔다. 김혜순 시의 경우 『또문』에 실린 모녀관계를 모티프로 삼은 시들을 통해 세 대 간 차이를 연대의 조건으로 삼고자 하는 주제 의식을 살펴볼 수 있다. 주부라 는 범주는 세대론적 인식을 경유하며 ‘어머니’라는 범주로 문제시 되었다. 김혜순은 기본적으로 세대가 달라져도 여성에게 대물림되는 폭력의 역사를 인식하고 있지만, ‘엄마-딸’의 관계는 등질성이 아닌 차이에 의해 정립된다. 「두 여자의 일기」, 「두 편의 고백」, 「엄마와 딸의 공상」은 딸의 일기 혹은 시가 그대로 차용된 형식을 취하며 복수적 주체를 재현하고 있다. 이러한 형식은 『또문』이 추구 한 페미니즘 운동의 복수성이라는 이념을 구현한 것이다. 여성 간의 차이를 중요한 문제로 다뤘던 여성운동 잡지인 『또문』을 살펴보는 일은 여성 간 차이라는 문제가 중요한 의제로 회귀한 현 시점에서 보다 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 페미니즘 운동의 주체를 단일화 하는 방식으로 실천의 동력을 강화하기보다는, 어떤 위치의 여성이든 페미니즘 운동의 주체가 될 수 있다는 한결 같은 입장에서 페미니즘 실천의 다각화를 꿈꾸었던 『또문』은 여성 간 차이를 연대의 기반으로 삼아야 하는 지금 여기에도 중요한 통찰을 던져 준다. This paper aims to think about the position of the magazine 『Alternative Culture』 in the history of women’s movement and women’s literature, to draw out the main issue of the magazine and to see how women’s poetry deepens and resolves the issue. 『Alternative Culture』 took care not to typicalize the subject of woman liberation and tried to liberate women based on the solidarity of differently situated women. The poems of 『Alternative Culture』 are about not only the difference between men and women but the difference between women, which is related to the mechanism of power. Specifically I focus on the poems dealing with ‘the women in the house’ or ‘housewife’ problem. Go Jeong Hee threw a question how to be in solidarity with bourgeois women. She criticized them as a ‘housewife(Jeong sil Bu in)’, on the other hand she tried to make the difference a condition of solidarity ultimately. The possibility of the solidarity is specified in the site of resistance. For the women-united-world , The public hearing about sex and love of our times shows that solidarity becomes a reality when different women gather in the same site. Furthermore she makes other women subjects speak together in each poems so that she depicts the contradiction, conflict, alliance and solidarity between women. Kim Hye Soon’s poems about mother-daughter relationship shows the theme of solidarity based on difference. The category of ‘Housewife’ is identified with ‘mother’(who are mostly housewives at that time) among the 『Alternative Culture』 editors. Kim Hye Soon were aware of the history of violence which passed on to the daughters, but she didn’t see mother and daughter are in the same situation and caught the difference. Journals of two women , Two confession , Daydream of mother and daughter are made of the journals or poems of daughter and mother, and this style represents the plural subjectivity of women. It is closely related to the theme of 『Alternative Culture』, the plurality of feminism subjects and movements. It is meaningful to read 『Alternative Culture』 which focuses on the theme of difference between women because ‘difference’ becomes an important agenda in the recent feminism movement in Korea. 『Alternative Culture』 dreams about the pluralization of feminism movements with the belief that all the differently situated women could be the feminist rather than insisting the singularization of women subject. In that point 『Alternative Culture』 still gives us a lesson as we are passing through the time solidarity based on difference are needed.

공무원의 직무동기가 이직의도에 미치는 영향

박서연(Seoyeon Park),박관태(Kwan-tae Park),임동진(Dong-Jin Lim) 한국인사행정학회 2023 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 공무원의 직무동기, 이직의도 및 조직문화의 세대별(20-30대 vs 40-50대) 차이, 직무동기가 이직의도에 미치는 영향, 직무동기와 이직의도 간의 관계에서 조직문화의 조절효과와 세대별 차이를 분석하고 이에 따른 이론적 함의를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2021년 우리나라 공무원 4,133명(중앙직 1,890명+지방직 2,243명)의 설문조사 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공무원의 직무동기, 이직의도, 조직문화에 대한 인식은 세대별로 차이가 있었다. 구체적으로 공공봉사동기와 보수만족도는 20-30대가 40-50대보다 낮게 나타났고, 이직의도는 20-30대가 40-50대보다 높게 나타났고, 합리문화, 발전문화, 집단문화는 20-30대가 40-50대보다 낮은 반면, 위계문화는 오히려 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 공무원의 직무동기가 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 공공봉사동기(b=-0.122), 보수만족도(b=-0.030), 기관유형(b=-0.091), 재직기간(b=-0.065), 보수만족도x연령집단(b=-0.115)으로 나타났다. 이는 공무원 중 공공봉사동기가 낮을수록, 보수만족도가 낮을수록, 중앙직일수록, 재직기간이 짧을수록, 보수만족도 수준이 낮은 20-30대 공무원일수록 이직의도가 높다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 공무원의 직무동기와 이직의도 간 관계에서 조절 역할을 하는 조직문화에는 위계문화와 집단문화가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위계문화는 공공봉사동기와 이직의도 간 관계를 강화하는 조절 역할을 하고, 집단문화는 보수만족도와 이직의도 간 관계를 강화하는 조절역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 공무원의 조직문화의 조절효과는 세대별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 20-30대의 경우 합리문화와 위계문화가 조절효과가 있는 반면, 40-50대의 경우는 집단문화와 위계문화가 조절 역할을 하였다. 마지막으로, 동일한 세대의 공무원 집단이라고 할지라도 집단내 조직문화에 대한 인식의 차이가 상당하였고, 이로 인해 조직문화의 조절효과도 다르게 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether public officials' job motivation, turnover intention, and organizational culture differ by generation (20-30s vs 40-50s), how public officials' job motivation affects turnover intention, whether organizational culture serves as a moderating variable in the relationship between job motivation and turnover intention of public officials and whether organizational culture differs by generation. Theoretical and policy implications are presented later. To this end, the survey data of 4,133 public officials in Korea in 2021 (1,890 central officials + 2,243 local officials) was analyzed. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there were differences by generation in the perception of job motivation, turnover intention, and organizational culture of public officials. Specifically, public service motivation and remuneration satisfaction were lower among those in their 20s and 30s than those in their 40s and 50s, and turnover intention was higher among those in their 20s and 30s than those in their 40s and 50s. Rational culture, development culture, and collective culture were lower among those in their 20s and 30s than those in their 40s and 50s, but hierarchical culture was rather high. Second, the factors influencing job motivation of public officials on turnover intention include public service motivation (b=-0.122), remuneration satisfaction (b=-0.030), institution type (b=-0.091), and tenure (b=-). 0.065), remuneration satisfaction x age group (b = 0.115). This means that among public servants, the lower the motivation for public service, the lower the satisfaction with remuneration, the more the central position, the shorter the tenure, and the more 20s and 30s with a lower level of satisfaction with remuneration, the higher the turnover intention. Third, it was found that there are hierarchical culture and group culture in the organizational culture that plays a moderating role in the relationship between job motivation and turnover intention of public officials. Hierarchical culture played a moderating role in strengthening the relationship between public service motivation and turnover intention, and group culture played a moderating role in mitigating the relationship between remuneration satisfaction and turnover intention. Fourth, it was found that the moderating effect of the organizational culture of public officials differed by generation, and in the 20s and 30s, rational culture and hierarchical culture had a moderating effect, while in the 40s and 50s, group culture and hierarchical culture played a moderating role. Finally, even in the same generation of public officials, there was a significant difference in perception of organizational culture within the group, and the moderating effect of organizational culture was also different.