관광 서비스의 복고주의 전략: 중간 불일치 효과

고선영,전기흥 한국유통경영학회 2018 유통경영학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The higher the level of education, the more tourist demand. The more money you can afford, such as income, the more you want to spend on new tourism. In tourism services, they also try a restoration strategy to provide new services. Usually, products and services are provided based on good and wonderful things. Restoration is a strategy that gives a new twist through nostalgia that was never imagined. Restoration is based on nostalgia. It is a strategy that makes people feel new and impressed in the past when they look back. It is also a highly relevant marketing strategy for high-educational consumers. When there is a temporary economic downturn, it makes us think more of the pleasant past. In this case, the revivalist strategy is more effective. Restoration strategy has taken a certain place in Korea since 2010. The development of Hanok villages in each region is related to the trend. However, not all Hanok villages were successful. Restoration has a strategy. The study looked at the effectiveness of retrospective tourism services in certain cities. Restoration should not necessarily go back to the past. This study looked at the extent of the restoration divided by high, middle, and low. As a result of the study, the more consistent cities with the image of the restoration, the more favorable the evaluation of the restoration tourism service. The evaluation of moderate restoration was more favourable than excessive or insufficient restoration. Moderate level effects were seen in cities consistent with the image of restoration. However, the inconsistent cities did not have the effect. 교육수준이 높은 소비자일수록 관광수요가 많은 경향성이 있다. 소득 등의 경제적 여유가 많아질수록 새로운 관광에 대한 소비욕구 역시 높아지는 경향성이 있다. 관광 서비스에서도 새로운 서비스를 제공하는 차원에서 복고주의 전략을 시도하기도 한다. 통상 제품 및 서비스는 좋은 것, 멋진 것에 기반하여 제공하는데, 복고주의는 전혀 생각지 못했던 예전의 향수를 통해 색다른 새로움을 주는 전략이다. 복고주의는 향수를 기반으로 한다. 앞만 보고 달리다 뒤돌아본 과거에서 새로운 감동을 느끼게 하는 전략이다. 교육수준이 높은 소비자들에게도 매우 적절성이 높은 마케팅 전략이다. 일시적인 경제적 여유의 감퇴가 있는 경우에는 즐거웠던 과거를 더 생각하게 한다. 이럴 때 복고주의 전략이 더 효과적인 면이 있다. 2010년 이후 우리나라에서 복고주의가 어느 정도 자리를 잡았다. 각 지역에서 한옥마을 개발하는 추세와 무관치 않다. 그러나 모든 한옥마을이 성공하지는 않았다. 복고주의에도 전략이 있다. 본 연구는 어떤 도시의 복고주의 관광 서비스가 효과적인지를 살펴보았다. 복고주의라고 해서 무조건 예전으로 돌아가는 복고가 효과적인지도 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 복고의 정도를 상, 중, 하로 나누어 살펴보았다. 연구를 진행한 결과, 도시 이미지가 복고와 일치성이 높은 도시가 그렇지 않은 도시에 비해 복고 관광 서비스에 대한 평가가 호의적이었다. 복고의 정도도 중간 정도의 복고가 지나친 복고 또는 부족한 복고보다 평가가 더 호의적이었다. 복고와 일치성이 높은 도시에서 관광 서비스에서 중간 정도의 복고 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 그러나 일치하지 않은 도시에서는 관광 서비스의 복고 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

2021년 개정 「자연환경보전법」에 따른 자연환경복원제도 도입의 의의와 한계

박종원 한국환경법학회 2022 환경법연구 Vol.44 No.2

The Revised Natural Environment Conservation Act of 2021 introduced provisions regarding the natural environment restoration project, including its definition, preparation of priority list, establishment and approval of the natural environment restoration project plan, recommendation and cost support, and so on. This article analyzes its main contents, examines its legal significance and limitations, and suggests several legislative alternatives. First, the Act introduced restoration of the structure and function of the natural environment as a key element of the term “Natural Environment Restoration Project.” However, there is a limitation, which is that it is only valid for projects implemented under the Act. The Act excludes projects implemented by other agencies under other Acts from the scope of “Natural Environment Restoration Project.” The legal definition of “Natural Environment Restoration” or “Ecological Restoration” should be provided by law. Second, the basic principles are only applicable to the “Natural Environment Restoration Project” implemented or recommended by the Minister of Environment under the act. The principles should be set up to be applicable to all types of ecological restoration projects, regardless of the department in charge. Third, the natural environment subject to restoration is a mixture of various types of ecosystems and landscapes. Natural environment restoration embraces forest restoration, wetland restoration, lake restoration, river restoration, landscape restoration, and so on. Ecological restoration projects are currently implemented under the auspices of individual acts, each of which applies to only one type of ecosystem, such as rivers, wetlands, and forests. This must be a considerable obstacle to the effective promotion of ecological restoration. Integrated approach should be introduced. Fourth, although the Natural Environment Conservation Act, which has relatively more provisions regarding ecological restoration, addresses some procedures of ecological restoration, including the establishment and approval of the natural environment restoration project, details such as the criteria for approval are unclear, and compliance with the procedure is not legally enforced but rather subject to a recommendation or a cost support requirement. Substantive requirements for setting the strategy, method, and criteria should be developed and adopted. The qualification requirements for those conducting ecological restoration projects should be incorporated into law so that persons with ecological expertise in characteristics of the ecosystem in question can participate in each stage of the project. Fifth, a top-down approach from national or local governments without the cooperation of other stakeholders has legal and practical limitations. The wider participation of various stakeholders, including local communities, NGOs, and experts, is necessary from the planning stage to the post-management stage of an ecological restoration project. Institutional mechanisms should be established to ensure the participation of various stakeholders, such as by establishing a committee or entering into voluntary agreements with community residents or landowners. Sixth, local governments face financial issues when promoting ecological restoration projects alone. The establishment of a fund to restore damaged ecosystems should be taken into account. In order to support ecological restoration projects, some of which may need to be initiated urgently and others of which may be long-term schemes, a stable financial ground and flexible management of the fund are indispensable. Moreover, the Act should be revised so that the project operator can acquire or use the lands necessary for the implementation of an ecological restoration project and justly compensate the landowners for their loss. Amending the current laws, each of which focuses on a different type of ecosystem, poses difficul... 이 글은 2021년 개정 「자연환경보전법」에 따른 자연환경복원제도의 주요내용을 분석하고, 자연환경복원 관련법제에 대하여 종래부터 지적되어 온 문제점과 한계에 비추어 개정법상의 자연환경복원제도가 갖는 의의와 한계를 진단하고, 앞으로의 입법과제를 제시하고 있다. 개정법이 종래의 자연환경복원 관련 법제가 가진 여러 문제점을 인식하고 이를 극복하기 위한 일정한 제도적 장치를 도입하였다는 점에서 진일보한 것으로 평가할 수 있으나, 종래부터 지적되어 오던 문제점 가운데 다수가 여전히 해소되고 있지 못하다. 유럽집행위원회가 얼마 전 제안한 자연복원에 관한 규칙안을 비롯하여 주요 외국의 입법동향을 주시하면서, 앞으로 지속적으로 그 문제점과 한계를 극복하기 위한 입법적 노력을 게을리해서는 안 될 것이다. 첫째, ‘자연환경복원사업’이 아니라 ‘자연환경복원’ 또는 ‘생태계복원’ 그 자체의 개념을 법적으로 정의하여야 한다. 둘째, 자연환경복원의 기본원칙은 환경부는 물론 범부처를 횡단하는 것이어야 할 것이며, 제도적으로 구현될 수 있어야 한다. 셋째, 산림, 습지, 호소, 하천, 해양 등 모든 생태계는 유기적으로 연결되어 있음을 고려하여 통합적인 자연환경복원이 이루어질 수 있는 제도적 기반을 구축하여야 한다. 넷째, 자연환경복원사업계획의 수립, 사업의 시행, 유지・관리 등 각 단계에 걸쳐서 절차적 통제뿐만 아니라 복원의 목표, 기준, 절차, 전문인력 등에 관한 실체적 통제가 가능하여야 한다. 다섯째, 국가, 지방자치단체뿐만 아니라 지역주민, 시민단체, 전문가, 토지소유자 등이 자연환경복원사업계획의 수립, 사업 시행은 물론 사업 완료 후의 유지・관리 단계에 이르기까지 전 과정에 걸쳐 참여할 수 있는 협력적 거버넌스 체계를 구축하여야 한다. 여섯째, 기금의 설치 등 자연환경복원사업에 소요되는 재원확보수단을 강구하여야 하며, 자연환경복원사업의 시행이나 사후관리 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 재산권 제한, 토지의 수용이나 사용 및 그에 대한 손실보상 등에 관한 법적 근거도 마련되어야 할 것이다. 이들 입법과제를 제대로 풀어나가기 위해서는 「자연환경보전법」을 지속적으로 발전시켜 나가는 방안 외에도, 가칭 ‘자연환경복원법’과 같은 부처횡단적인 단일법 제정을 위한 입법전략을 지속적으로 모색하고 함께 고민하여야 할 것이다.

탄소중립 및 국토환경 회복을 위한 녹색복원 종합계획의 4가지 전략적 접근

손승우,이상혁,김병석,이길상,최희선 한국환경복원기술학회 2024 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.27 No.2

To achieve carbon neutrality and restore the national environment, there is growing interest in policies to transform national land areas into green space, such as expanding nature-based solutions, increasing biodiversity, and improving ecosystem service functions. In addition to complying with international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity, it is necessary to expand green spaces to achieve the 2050 Carbon Neutrality goal, which can be achieved by restoring the damaged land in an ecological way. However, it is challenging to implement green restoration in a systematic and active way due to conflicts of interest among landowners and lack of institutional support and advanced technology. Therefore, this study aims to develop a strategy to expand green restoration and implement it smoothly and systematically. This study examined the current status of green restoration in South Korea by investigating green restoration laws and systems and overseas trends, and by surveying the perceptions of 1,000 people selected from a pool of the public. The results of this study show that it is difficult to implement the green restoration efficiently because the laws related to restoration are scattered. According to the relevant legal plans, the perception and direction of restoration is to pursue a sustainable national land environment, allow people to benefit from nature, improve the quality of life, and nurture related industries and human resources. In the international community, it is mentioned that green restoration contributes to achieving the 2050 Carbon Neutrality goal, revitalizing green industries, developing and applying advanced technologies, maintaining consistency in restoration-related policies, expanding citizens' access to green spaces, and adopting nature-based solutions. Both experts and the public are aware of the seriousness of the damage to the natural environment and prefer restoration with human use rather than focusing on natural recovery. It is expected that this study will contribute to the future direction of green restoration and the implementation of tasks for the sustainable restoration of the national land environment and the zero-carbon era.

발굴조사 유적지의 복원과 활용 연구 - 자연환경의 디지털 복원을 중심으로 -

허의행 영남고고학회 2017 嶺南考古學 Vol.- No.77

The technological progress and development of IT devices and the expansion to the public have brought about changes in preservation, protection and utilization of cultural properties. Currently, discussions are underway to restore and study archaeological data using this technology. However, the research on restoration of archaeological data is still insufficient in spite of securing and researching and analyzing many excavation data, and there is a limit to expanding the scope of research subject. There were many reasons for lack of interest in realistic conditions and research topic setting. In this regard, digital restoration methodology is attracting attention as a recent restoration research method. Digital restoration is to transform not only analog data of the past but also all the data of recent IT equipment to digital, and then to make the past using various graphic programs. However, it is necessary to analyze and interpret the ancient terrain and the natural environment only to the archaeological data, and to perform the realistic restoration based on the character of the archaeological evidence. For example, digital restoration of Bronze Age sites was conducted. The ruins are the ruins of the Bronze Age sculpture on the natural embankment. An analysis of the ancient terrain of the site and its surroundings revealed the direction of the old river in the site and the analysis of the surrounding natural environment showed that the coniferous forest such as the pine growing in the cold climate was distributed. Along with this, the upper structure was restored. The reconstructed sites and natural environment were digitally reconstructed and visualized. Through this method and method, it is expected that the completed restoration plan will be utilized in various directions. Especially, it can be used as education and exhibition data using virtual reality and augmented reality. In this regard, I think that it is necessary to discuss the research and utilization of the museum by establishing a virtual museum that introduces the concept of virtual cultural heritage only for archaeological materials. IT기기의 기술적 진전과 발달, 대중으로 확대는 문화재 보존과 보호, 활용에 대한 변화를 가져왔다. 현재 이의 기술을 이용하여 고고자료를 복원 및 연구하려는 논의가 서서히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 여전히 고고자료의 복원에 대한 연구는 많은 발굴조사 자료의 확보와 연구, 분석에도 불구하고 논의는 매우 부족하며, 연구 주제의 범위로 확장되는데도 한계가 있다. 물론 여러 가지 현실적인 여건과 연구 주제 설정의 관심이 부족한 이유 때문일 것이다. 그러한 점에서 최근 복원 연구의 한 방법으로서 디지털 복원 방법론이 다시 주목받고 있다. 디지털 복원은 과거의 아날로그 방식의 자료 뿐 아니라 최근의 IT기기를 이용한 자료 모두를 디지털로 전환한 후, 여러 그래픽 프로그램들을 이용하여 문화재의 원상과 함께 과거의 모습을 시각화하는 것이다. 유적지는 당시의 지형, 자연환경에 대한 분석과 해석을 필요로 하며, 유구는 성격 검증을 바탕으로 사실적 복원이 이루 어져야 한다. 그러한 예로 청동기시대 유적지에 대한 디지털 복원을 진행하였다. 대상 유적은 자연제방상에 자리한 청동 기시대 분묘유적이다. 복원분석결과, 유적과 주변의 고지형 분석을 실시하여 하도의 방향과 유적지의 형성 관계를 밝혀내었고, 주변의 자연환경에 대한 분석을 통해서는 한랭한 기후에서 확인되는 소나무 등의 침엽수림이 유적지 내 분포한 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 이와 동시에 개개 유구별 상부구조물의 복원도 실시하였다. 이렇게 분석된 환경과 유적에 대해서는 디지털 기기로 복원하여 시각화하였다. 이러한 방식과 방법을 통해 완성된 복원도는 여러 방향에서의 활용이 예상되는데, 연구적 측면에서는 유적의 3차원적인 분석을 가능하게 하므로 과거 문화의 이해 틀을 높이는데 기여할 것이며, 사회적인 측면에서는 가상과 증강현실을 이용한 교육과 전시자료로서의 높은 활용을 생각할 수 있다. 그러한 점에서 디지털고고학의 연구적 측면과 가상유산의 개념을 도입한 가상유적전시관의 구축을 위한 사회 활용적 측면의 논의가 본격 화할 필요가 있다고 생각한다.

EU 자연복원규칙 제정의 의의와 우리나라 자연환경복원의 법적 과제

박종원 한국환경법학회 2024 환경법연구 Vol.46 No.2

이 글은 2024년 7월 제정된 EU 자연복원규칙의 입법과정과 그 주요내용을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 평가와 시사점을 보태어 우리나라의 법적 과제를 제시하고 있다. EU의 자연복원규칙은 생물다양성 보전을 위한 입법에 머무르는 것이 아니라, 기후위기 대응을 위한 입법으로 자리매김하고 있다. 그리고 이 규칙의 제정은 2022년 12월 생물다양성협약 제15차 당사국총회에서 채택된 쿤밍-몬트리올 글로벌 생물다양성 프레임워크(KM-GBF) 협상에서 선도적인 역할을 한 EU가 그에 따른 목표 달성을 위한 의무를 적극적으로 이행하겠다는 의지를 국제사회에 천명하는 의미도 갖는다. 우리나라의 사정은 어떤가? 2012년 「생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률」이 제정되어 시행되고 있지만, 「기후위기 대응을 위한 탄소중립・녹색성장 기본법」상의 탄소중립 목표나 EU 자연복원규칙상의 복원목표와 같은 목표가 법정화되어 있지 않다. 국가생물다양성전략의 법적 지위가 모호하고, 이를 심의하는 국가생물다양성위원회의 법적 위상도 낮고 그 결정의 구속력도 없는 등, 자연환경복원을 비롯한 생물다양성협약상의 의무를 제대로 이행・점검할 수 있는 체계가 정비되어 있지 못하다. 2021년 개정 「자연환경보전법」은 자연환경복원제도를 도입하고 있으나, 범부처를 아우르지 못한 채 환경부만의 복원사업에 대한 근거만 제공하고 있다. 하천, 습지, 산림, 해양 등 모든 생태계는 유기적으로 연결되어 있음에도 통합적 복원이 이루어질 수 있는 기반은 보이지 않는다. 이제는 자연환경복원을 위한 부처통합적인 입법을 서두를 때이다. 생물다양성법을 기본법으로 전환하는 형식을 취하든, 별도의 신법을 제정하는 형식을 취하든, 범정부 차원의 참여와 협력을 이끌어낼 수 있는, 나아가 국가와 지방자치단체뿐 아니라 지역주민, 시민단체, 전문가, 토지소유자 등이 전 과정에 걸쳐 참여할 수 있는 협력적 거버넌스 체계의 구축도 필요하다. EU의 경험에서 보듯이 그 입법에 적지 않은 어려움과 진통이 있을 것이 뻔히 보이지만, 국제사회의 일원으로서 기후 위기와 생물다양성 위기로부터 우리와 미래세대, 그리고 삶의 기반인 지구를 지켜내기 위해서는 핑계 댈 여유가 없다. This article examines the legislative process and key contents of the EU Nature Restoration Regulation, enacted in July 2024, and explores its implications for Korea. This regulation addresses both biodiversity conservation and the climate crisis, signaling to the international community that the EU, a leading negotiator of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) adopted in December 2022, is committed to meeting its targets. Despite the enactment of the Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity in 2012, there are no legally binding objectives or targets similar to the National Vision for carbon neutrality under the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis or the restoration targets under the EU Nature Restoration Regulation. The legal status of the National Biodiversity Strategy is unclear, and the National Biodiversity Committee, which advises on the strategy, lacks binding authority. Consequently, there is no effective system for implementing and monitoring obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity, including natural environment restoration. Although the Natural Environment Conservation Act, revised in 2021, establishes a natural environment restoration system, it is not cross-ministerial and only supports restoration projects by the Ministry of Environment. Integrated restoration is lacking, despite the interconnected nature of ecosystems such as rivers, wetlands, forests, and oceans. There is a pressing need to accelerate inter-ministerial legislation for natural environment restoration. Whether through transforming the Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity into a framework act or enacting a new law, establishing a collaborative governance system that engages all levels of government, as well as local communities, civil society organizations, experts, landowners, is crucial. As demonstrated by the EU's experience, challenges will arise, but as part of the international community, we must act decisively to protect ourselves, future generations, and our planet from the climate and biodiversity crises.

기후변화를 고려한 지류하천 관리 및 수생태 복원방향

강형식 한국환경연구원 2012 기본연구보고서 Vol.2012 No.-

The River restoration project of Korea has been developed since 1990`s. The number of restoration sites and amount of budget is increasing constantly. Although the efforts for the ecological function of river restoration has begun to be recognized in recent years, the specific concept of ecological river restoration is not built yet. To date, the river restoration has not been considered in an aspect of the importance of ecological monitoring and maintenance, so there are no data to evaluate the restoration plans. In addition, project sites were selected from local governments without clear criterion, which made the location of the sites scattered widely. Therefore, in these circumstances, the ecological river restoration project has to be realigned for the restoration of aquatic ecosystem health. For the sustainable river management, it is necessary to consider multiple factors in the river restoration, because the river ecosystem is continuously changing and is affected by various factors. We have to consider hydrological effect from climate change as well as current status of ecology and water quality. The purpose of this study is as follows: First, to assess vulnerable site for climate changes in Nakdong River basin considering physical, chemical and biological factors to suggest comprehensive management plan for each site. Second, to evaluate the current status of ecological river restoration project in comparison with ecological monitoring data. Third, to understand problems of river restoration project by interviewing staff of local governments and surveying companies working for the restoration project. Lastly, to suggest ideas to make further progress in ecological river restoration. In chapter 2, the general condition and tributary of Nakdong River basin was analyzed, and effect of climate change and river facility in aquatic ecosystem was studied. Chapter 3 included results of assessing climate change vulnerable site considering physical factors such as flood, drought and soil, chemical factors such as water temperature and water quality, and biological factors such as endangered species and aquatic habitat. In chapter 4, the data of ‘Survey and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health’ in 2008 and 2010 was analyzed with four items such as algae, macro-invertebrate, fish, riparian and aquatic habitat to evaluate completed ecological river restoration sites in Nakdong River basin and suggested ideas for the sustainable development of ecological river restoration. Chapter 5 shows results of interviews with staff of local governments to understand problems of river restoration project, and shows survey results of companies working for the restoration project to check use of ‘Technical specification for ecological river restoration``. The following includes brief suggestions and conclusions to improve ecological river restoration as a result of the research. 1. Systems to assess climate change vulnerable sites and long term river management plan should be developed. Because river ecosystem affected by physical, chemical and biological factors, climate change vulnerable site should be assessed with various factors and long term aquatic ecosystem management plan should be made for each vulnerable factor. 2. There must be definite strategies to select ecological river restoration site. It is more effective to select restoration site with priority made by Ministry of Environment rather than depending recommended site from Local governments. In addition, guidelines for selecting ecological river restoration site is also required. Accordingly, river restoration should be planned in river basin units and nationwide river scale with vulnerable site selection and river naturalness evaluation. 3. Institutionalization of ecological monitoring and reporting the effect after the river restoration project is necessary. It is only water quality and resident satisfaction to report to Ministry of Environment after the restoration project, not ecological effect. Ecological monitoring after the project is important for the standard which can assess its success, and understand what is problem and improvement. 4. River management with secured maintenance budget is required. To achieve the target of river restoration, continuous river maintenance is important, but some local governments with low financial independence rate often have trouble making maintenance budget. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriate maintenance budget from part of total project expense in the beginning. At the same time, the problem complementary feedback system with the maintenance after the project should be institutionalized.

네트워크분석적 의사결정기법을 이용한 철도사고 임시복구시나리오 개발

성덕룡(Sung,Deok-Yong),박용걸(Park,Yong-Gul) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.31 No.5D

본 연구에서는 효율적인 철도사고괸리 및 복구작업을 위한 임시복구 시나리오를 개발하였다. 문헌조사 및 전문가 설문조사 결과를 통하여 임시복구 Worst Case 선정시기준이 되는 고려항목과 임시복구 시나리오 수립에 필요한 중요항목(event)을 도출하였으며, 임시복구가 가장 힘든 Worst Case로는 터널구간에서 발생하는 철도사고가 선정되었다. 이는 신속한 임시복구를 위해 좁은 공간에서 체계적이고 효율적인 복구절치를 갖추고 숙련된 복구요원 양성이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 통계학적 분석기법을 이용하여 임시복구 시나리오 수립 시 중요항목(event)간 중요도(우선순위)를 선정한 결과 임시복구유형중 시설물 붕괴를 가장 우선적으로 복구하고 선로매몰, 차량탈선 순으로 처리함이 복구시간을 단축할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 복구에 많은 시간이 소요되는 순으로 임시복구가 이루어져야 함을 나타낸다. 임시복구 시나리오는 임시복구 Worst Case, 임시복구유형별 중요항목(event)을 종합하여 표준운영절차(안) 11개를 제안하였다. 이를 활용하여 철도사고 DB관리 및 신속한 사고복구를 통해 정시성을 확보하여 열차지연시간을 최소화하는데 크게 기여할 것이다. The emergency restoration scenarios for efficient railway accident management and restoration were developed. The emergency restoration procedures defined by the worst case of emergency restoration and the important events was proposed based on questionnaires from specialists and the result of survey. Via these studies, the railway accident in the tunnel could be the worst case among ail railway accident types. Therefore, educations for a restoration team in confined area condition should be planned and performed to recover the worst case accident. In order for the emergency restoration, when a railway accident is occurred, the restoration should be performed in orders of handing collapse of facilities, burying track, and derailment of vehicle in tunnel based on the statistical analysis. The result of priorities were established by the period of restoration. The standard operation system for efficient railway accident management was developed by synthesizing the worst case for rapid emergency restoration, and important events for the standard operation procedures according to each emergency restoration type. Through this study, the restoration operation system of railway accident are recommended. This paper suggests to develop emergency restoration scenarios for the efficient railway accident management and recovery system. The study results will contribute not only for insuring punctuality, but also for minimizing delays from accidents. Therefore, emergency restoration scenarios will play a major role in the SOP for the damage limitation and the prevention of accident spread.

출소자의 가정복원 과정에 관한 교정전문가의 인식

이동훈,신지영,오혜영,박성현 한국아동가족복지학회 2015 한국가족복지학 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to figure out the perceptions of correctional professionals about therestoration process of ex-offenders' family. A total of 11 professionals from various correctionalworks have participated in this study. The main questions are as follows: First, what is theimportant meaning of family restoration to ex-offenders? Second, what are the difficulties that existin the process of ex-offenders' family restoration? Third, what are the kinds of support needed forthe ex-offenders' family restoration process? These three questions have been organized as 10domains and 33 categories using consensual qualitative research(CQR). The results of this studyindicated the following outcomes. First, to ex-offenders, the meaning of family restoration processincluded a driving force for a new life, the different processes of family restoration based on thetypes of ex-offenders, and the reunion with family which was hard to endure during theimprisonment. Second, during the family restoration process, ex-offenders have experiencedhardships that were due to internal characteristics of individual ex-offenders, the disorganization offamily relationship, and social reentry. Third, the kinds of support required for the ex-offenders'family restoration process are the support for individuals' internal problems, rearing issues ofchildren, family relationship, and social reentry. The implications and limitations of this study havebeen discussed The purpose of this study is to figure out the perceptions of correctional professionals about therestoration process of ex-offenders' family. A total of 11 professionals from various correctionalworks have participated in this study. The main questions are as follows: First, what is theimportant meaning of family restoration to ex-offenders? Second, what are the difficulties that existin the process of ex-offenders' family restoration? Third, what are the kinds of support needed forthe ex-offenders' family restoration process? These three questions have been organized as 10domains and 33 categories using consensual qualitative research(CQR). The results of this studyindicated the following outcomes. First, to ex-offenders, the meaning of family restoration processincluded a driving force for a new life, the different processes of family restoration based on thetypes of ex-offenders, and the reunion with family which was hard to endure during theimprisonment. Second, during the family restoration process, ex-offenders have experiencedhardships that were due to internal characteristics of individual ex-offenders, the disorganization offamily relationship, and social reentry. Third, the kinds of support required for the ex-offenders'family restoration process are the support for individuals' internal problems, rearing issues ofchildren, family relationship, and social reentry. The implications and limitations of this study havebeen discussed.

디지털 매체와 기술을 활용한 회화 문화재 복원 모사 방법 연구-규장각 한국학연구원 소장 보물 <대동총도>모사본 제작사례를 중심으로-

권지은,이지민 동서미술문화학회 2022 미술문화연구 Vol.23 No.23

This thesis is a study on the restoration method of replicating the painting cultural heritage, and it is a summary of the simulation method applied to the restoration of 《Daedong Chongdo (大東摠圖)》, among the old map production project from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies conducted in 2017. The restoration method that has been applied to the restoration of cultural heritage paintings in the meantime was to analyze the materials used in the original painting through scientific investigation and to contrast the original through the production of pigment color tables and partial restoration. However, there are limitations in the time constraint to compare the original painting, and the difficulty in revising the partial restoration replica and the consumption of a lot of material. In this paper, recognizing these limitations, we additionally applied a print color scheme investigation and digital restoration method that can protect the artifacts as much as possible and verify restoration several times. This attempt is meaningful in that it was possible to set the direction of restoration within a limited time and to simulate restoration in various forms, and it is a method that can be used for the restoration of various cultural heritages in the future.

하천생태계의 건전성 복원을 위한 법적 과제

박종원 ( Park Jong Won ) 한국환경법학회 2021 환경법연구 Vol.43 No.1

Reflecting on the failure of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, and welcoming the era of integrated water management, this article presents a legislative solution to restore the health of the river ecosystem. To achieve this, this article examined the problems and limitations under the current legal system. It also analyzed some laws and programs on the restoration of the aquatic ecosystem in the United States, aiming to obtain some lessons from them. The revised Government Organization Act of 2020 certainly provides a good opportunity to solve the chronic problems and limitations of the legal system of river ecosystem restoration. However, merely replacing the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport with the Minister of Environment under the current River Act can never address these issues. More legislative efforts are required to link related provisions of the Water Environment Conservation Act, the River Act, the Framework Act on Water Management, and so on and ensure their mutual consistency. Based on these analyses, this article suggests several legislative alternatives to improve the legal system of river ecosystem restoration. First, the concept of river ecosystem restoration should be legally defined with the restoration of the ecological function and health as key elements. Second, the basic ideas and fundamental principles of river ecosystem restoration should be incorporated into the law, which can be linked and embedded in several related administrative plans, including the National Water Management Master Plan, the National Water Environment Management Master Plan, the Basic River Plans, and the Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Plans. Third, no matter who conducts the restoration project, the restoration plan should be established in accordance with legal criteria, and opportunities for participating in each stage of the restoration project should be guaranteed to interested parties, including the local community, NGOs, and experts. Fourth, based on the results of the current status and health assessment of aquatic ecosystems, or the examination of the continuity of aquatic ecosystems, the priority list of sites for restoration should be prepared and published and should be used as the basis for determining whether to implement the restoration project or provide financial support for it. Fifth, for sites whose ecosystems have been degraded severely or which are highly ranked in the priority list, it should be mandatory to establish their restoration plans and the requirements for their approval should be further specified, including the criteria on setting goals, designing and conducting the project, postmonitoring, and postmanagement. Furthermore, regular reporting at the stage of conducting the project, performance evaluations after project completion, and postmonitoring and postmanagement inspection should be institutionalized. And the results of the evaluation or inspection can be used as a basis whether or how much to provide financial support for the project and whether to issue the correction order to ensure effective enforcement. Sixth, the law should state that the national government can provide financial support to the restoration project, whether it is performed on a national or regional river, as all rivers are ecologically connected and interact with one another. Also, charges incurred by persons who have been more directly involved in the ecological degradation of the river ecosystem should be used as financial resources for conducting the restoration project. Many of these solutions can be achieved by revising the Water Environment Conservation Act, but the revisions of the River Act and the Framework Act on Water Management should also be included. For the fundamental principles of river ecosystem restoration to be properly linked to relevant plans, the Basic River Plan under the River Act should be reviewed whether it conforms to the National Water Management Master Plan. The river management agency must also be required to consider the priority list when it designates restoration sites under the Basic River Plan. In addition, it should be positively considered that the River Act shall address only the designation of restoration sites under the Basic River Plan, and the stage of establish the restoration plan and subsequent steps shall be covered by the Water Environment Conservation Act.