맥솔(脈率)과 심박변이도(心搏變移度)의 상관성(相關性) 연구(硏究)

양동훈 ( Dong-hoon Yang ),박영배 ( Young-bae Park ) 대한한의진단학회 2006 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Pulse-respiration ratio has been used for estimating subject`s status in oriental medicine. Pulse and respiration is strongly associated with autonomic nerve system. But there is no research about correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and autonomic nerve system. Objectives: We performed this study to know correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV(heart rate variability) that shows autonomic nerve system status well and to clarify clinical meaning of pulse-respiration ratio. Methods: After subject`s 10 minutes rest, we measured subject`s ECG, respiration pattern and HRV. In this research, subject`s number is 95(Male 50/Female 45). We calculated pulse-respiration ratio from ECG and respiration pattern. Then, we analyzed correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(P-R ratio 4.28). We tried to compare HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek group. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration Ratio and pulse rate, respiration rate is performed. Finally correlation analysis between Respiration and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(4.28) is studied. Results: 1. Mean pulse-respiration is 4.10±0.67, Mean pulse rate is 68.06±7.82bpm, Mean respiration rate is 16.81±2.72 times per minute in all subjects. 2. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not Significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm(correlation coefficient 0.306, p= 0.018), InHF (0.308, p=0.002) is sig-nificantly correlated with pulse-respiration ratio. 3. Comparison of HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek Group is not significant. 4. Pulse-respiration ratio is more affected by respiration rate(correlation coefficient -0.717, p= 0.000) than pulse rate (correlation coefficient 0.396, p=0.000). 5. Correlation analysis between respiration rate and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm (correlation coefficient -0.327, p=0.011), LF/HF(0.346, p=0.007), 1nHF (-0.355, p=0.006) are significantly correlated with respiration rate. Conclusions: Pulse-respiration ratio and parasympathetic index has positive correlation. The closer Wan-maek, The higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group. Respiration rate is more related with pulse-respiration ratio than pulse rate. Respiration is negatively correlated with autonomic parameters. And the slower respiration, the higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group.

수목(樹木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관(關)한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態學的) 해석(解析)(IX) - Heat pulse법(法)을 이용(利用)한 신갈나무임분(林分)의 증산속도(蒸散速度) 측정(測定) -

한상섭,김선희,Han, Sang Sup,Kim, Sun Hee 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.2

본 연구는 heat pulse법을 이용하여 신갈나무 장령림 임분(林分)의 증산량(蒸散量)을 알기 위한 기초연구로서, 신갈나무 입목에 있어서 일사량(日射量), 온도(溫度), 습도(濕度)(대기포차(大氣飽差)) 등의 변화(變化)에 따른 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 일변화와 계절변화, 방위별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 변재부에 있어 깊이별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 우세목(優勢木), 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木)의 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 엽(葉)의 수분포텐셜과 heat pulse 속도(速度)와의 관계, 줄기에 있어 수분상승의 방향, 그리고, heat pulse법으로 측정한 단목(單木)과 임분(林分)의 일일(一日), 월별(月別), 년간(年間) 증산량(蒸散量) 등을 측정고찰하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 신갈나무의 heat pulse 속도(速度)(V)와 수액유속(樹液流速)(SFR)과의 관계는 SFR=1.37V였다. 2. 우세목(優勢木), 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木)의 heat pulse 속도(速度)를 비교하면, 수액유속(樹液流速)은 우세목(優勢木)이 가장 높고, 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木) 순위였다. Heat pulse 속도(速度)는 일사량(日射量), 온도(溫度), 대기포차(大氣飽差) 등의 크기에 따라 일변화하였다. 3. Heat pulse 속도(速度)와 엽(葉)의 수분포텐셜은 거의 비슷한 일변화를 나타냈다. 4. Heat pulse 속도(速度)의 계절변화는 7월에 평균 2.9cm/hr로 가장 낮았고, 5월이 평균 4.0cm/hr로 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. 줄기에 있어서 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이는 북측이 가장 높았고, 서측이 그 다음 순이었으며, 남측과 동측은 큰 차이없이 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 6. 변재부에 있어서 깊이별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이는 수피로부터 0.5cm 깊이에서 가장 높고, 다음 1.0cm, 1.5cm 순으로 나타났다. 7. 줄기에 있어 수분이동방향(水分移動方向)은 4본 모두 부분적(部分的) 수직상승(垂直上昇)(sectorial straight ascent)을 나타내고 있었다. 8. 수액유량(樹液流量)(SF)은 SF=1.37AV식으로 나타났고, 이 식으로 구한 수액유량(樹液流量)은 우세목(優勢木)이 준우세목(準優勢木)과 열세목(劣勢木)보다 현저히 높았다. 9. 1ha의 임분(林分)에 대한 1일의 증산량(蒸散量)의 구성비율(構成比率)은 낮이 72%, 밤이 28%였고, 증산량(蒸散量)은 약 5.6ton/ha/day이었다. 10. 1ha의 월별(月別) 증산량(蒸散量)은 5월이 168ton/ha/month으로 가장 많았고, 7월이 125ton/ha/month로 가장 낮았다. 또 1 ha의 년간(年間) 증산량(蒸散量)은 839ton/ha/yr이었다. This is the basic study to investigate the amount of transpirational water loss in thrifty mature Quercus mongolica stand by the heat pulse method. The differences of heat pulse velocity by direction and depth, differences of heat pulse velocity by dominant, codominant and suppressed trees, diurnal changes of heat pulse velocity due to the change of leaf water potential, vapor pressure deficit and radiation, and sap flow path way in sapwood by dye penetration were measured in stems. Finally the amounts of daily and annual transpiration in stand were calculated by the heat pulse velocity. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Relationship between heat pulse velocity(V) and sap flow rate(SFR) was obtained as a equation of SFR=1.37V. 2. The sap flow rate was high in the order of dominant, codominant, and suppressed trees. The daily heat pulse velocity changed with radiation, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. 3. The heat pulse velocity showed the similar diurnal variation as the leaf water potential change. 4. The heat pulse velocity showed the highest value in May(4.0cm/hr in average), the lowest one in July(2.9cm/hr in average). 5. The heat pulse velocity in the same stem presented the highest value in the northern direction, medium in western, and the lowest in southern and eastern. 6. The heat pulse velocity in stem was highest in 0.5cm, medium in 1.0cm, and lowest in 1.5cm depth from the surface of stem. 7. The sap flow path way in stem showed sectorial straight ascent pattern in four sample trees. 8. The amount of sap flow(SF) was presented as a equation of $SF=1.37A{\cdot}V$(A: the cross-sectional area of sapwood, V: heat pulse velocity), and especially SF was larger in dominant tree than codominant and suppressed trees. 9. The amount of daily transpiration was 5.6ton/ha/day, and its composition ratio was 72% at day and 28% at night. 10. The amount of stand transpiration per month was largest in May(168ton/ha/month), lowest in July(125ton/ha/month). The amount of stand transpiration per year was 839ton/ha/year.

펄스 반복률에 의한 반도체 소자의 오동작 모드와 고장률에 관한 연구

박기훈,방정주,김륙완,허창수,Park, Ki-Hoon,Bang, Jeong-Ju,Kim, Ruck-Woan,Huh, Chang-Su 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.6

Electronic systems based on solid state devices have changed to be more complicated and miniaturized as the electronic systems developed. If the electronic systems are exposed to HPEM (high power electromagnetics), the systems will be destroyed by the coupling effects of electromagnetic waves. Because the HPEM has fast rise time and high voltage of the pulse, the semiconductors are vulnerable to external stress factor such as the coupled electromagnetic pulse. Therefore, we will discuss about malfunction behavior and DFR (destruction failure rate) of the semiconductor caused by amplitude and repetition rate of the pulse. For this experiment, the pulses were injected into the pins of general purpose IC due to the fact that pulse injection test enables the phenomenon after the HPEM is coupled to power cables. These pulses were produced by pulse generator and their characteristics are 2.1 [ns] of pulse width, 1.1 [ns] of pulse rise time and 30, 60, 120 [Hz] of pulse repetition rate. The injected pulses have changed frequency, period and duty ratio of output generated by Timer IC. Also, as the pulse repetition rate increases the breakdown threshold point of the timer IC was reduced.

수목(樹木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관(關)한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態學的) 해석(解析)(VII) - Heat pulse법(法)에 의한 낙엽송임분(林分)의 수액류속(樹液流速) 계측(計測) -

한상섭,김선희,Han, Sang Sup,Kim, Sun Hee 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.2

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 heat pulse법(法)을 이용하여 낙엽송 임분(林分)의 증산량(蒸散量)을 알기 위한 기초 연구로써, 일사량(日射量), 온도(溫度), 습도(濕度) 등의 변화에 따른 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 일변화와 계절변화, 방위별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 변재부(邊材部)에 있어서 깊이별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 우세목(優勢木), 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木)의 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이, 엽(葉)의 수분(水分)포텐셜과 heat pulse 속도(速度)와의 관계, 줄기에 있어 수분상승의 방향, heat pulse법(法)으로 추산한 임분(林分)의 증산량(蒸散量)등에 대하여 측정 고찰하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하연 다음과 같다. 1 낙엽송의 heat pulse 속도(速度)(V)와 수액유속(樹液流速)(SFR)과의 관계는 SFR=1.37V($r=0.96^{**}$)의 식으로 나타냈다. 2. 우세목(優勢木), 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木)의 heat pulse 속도(速度)를 비교하면, 수액유속(樹液流速)은 우세목(優勢木)이 가장 높고, 준우세목(準優勢木), 열세목(劣勢木) 순위였다. Heat pulse 속도(速度)는 일사량(日射量), 온도(溫度), 대기포차(大氣飽差) 등의 크기에 따라 심한 변화(變化)를 나타냈다. 3. 입목(立木) 개체간(個體間)의 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이는 이른 아침과 밤에는 거의 없으나, 일사량(日射量)이 높은 12시부터 16시 사이에는 약간의 차이를 나타냈다. 4. Heat pulse 속도(速度)와 수분(水分)포텐셜은 거의 비슷한 일변화 경향을 나타냈다. 5. Heat pulse 속도(速度)의 계절변화는 8월에 가장 높았고, 10월이 가장 낮았다. 그리고 6, 7, 9월의 heat pulse 속도(速度)는 거의 비슷한 값을 나타냈다. 6. 줄기에 있어 방위별 heat pulse 속도(速度)는 동측이 가장 높았고, 서측과 북측은 비슷한 속도를 나타냈으며, 남측의 속도가 가장 낮았다. 7. 변재부(邊材部)에 있어서 깊이별 heat pulse 속도(速度)의 차이는 수피(樹皮)로부터 2cm 깊이에서 가장 높고, 다음이 1cm 깊이, 그리고 3cm 깊이에서 가장 낮았다. 8. 줄기에 있어 수분이동방향(水分移動方向)은 5본 모두 오른쪽 나선상승(螺旋上昇)(spiral ascent turning right)을 나타내고 있었다. 특히 지상의 3m까지는 매우 느린 회선(回旋)을 나타내다가 그 이상의 수고(樹高)에서는 매우 빠른 회선(回旋)으로 상승됨을 알 수 있었다. 9. 수액유량(樹液流量)(SF)은 SF=1.37AV 식(式)으로 나타났고, 이 식으로 구한 수액유량(樹液流量)은 우세목(優勢木)이 준우세목(準優勢木)과 열세목(劣勢木)보다 현저히 높았다. 10. 1ha의 임분(林分)에 대한 1일의 증산량(蒸散量)의 구성비율(構成比率)은 낮이 83%, 밤이 17%였고, 증산량(蒸散量)은 약 30.8ton/ha/day이었다. 11. 1ha의 월별(月別) 증산량(蒸散量)은 8월이 1,194ton/ha/month로 가장 많았고, 5월이 386ton/ha/month로 가장 낮았다. 또 1ha의 연간(年間) 증산량(蒸散量)은 3,983ton/ha/yr이었다. This is the basic study in order to know the amount of transpirational water loss in a Larix leptorepis stand by a heat pulse method. Especially this study has been measured and discussed the diurnal and seasonal trends of heat pulse velocity by changes of radiation, temperature and humidity, differences of heat pulse velocity by direction and depth in stem, differences of heat pulse velocity by dominant, codominant and suppressed trees, diurnal change of heat pulse velocity by change of leaf water potential, sap flow path way in sapwood by dye penetration and amount of daily and annual transpiration in a tree and stand. The results obtained as follows : 1. Relation between heat pulse velocity(V) and sap flow rate(SFR) was established as a equation of SFR=1.37V($r=0.96^{**}$). 2. The sap flow rate presented in the order of dominant, codominant and suppressed tree, respectively. The daily heat pulse velocity was changed by radiation, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. 3. The heat pulse velocity in individual trees did not differ in early morning and in late night, but had some differed from 12 to 16 hours when radiation was relatively high. 4. The heat pulse velocity and leaf water potential showed similar diurnal variation. 5. The seasonal variation of heat pulse velocity was highest in August, but lowest in October and similar value of heat pulse velocity in the other months. 6. The heat pulse velocity in stem by direction was highest in eastern, but lowest in southern and similar velocity in western and northern. 7. The difference of heat pulse velocity in according to depths was highest in 2.0cm depth, medium in 1.0cm depth, and lowest in 3.0cm depth from surface of stem. 8. The sap flow path way in stem showed spiral ascent turning right pattern in five sample trees, especially showed little spiral ascent turning right in lower part than 3m hight above ground, but very speedy in higher than 3m hight. 9. The amount of sap flow(SF) was presented as a equation of SF=1.37AV and especially SF in dominant tree was larger than in codominant or suppressed tree. 10. The amount of daily transpiration was 30.8ton/ha/day and its composition ratio was 83% at day and 17% at night. 11. The amount of stand transpiration per month was largest in August(1,194ton/ha/month), lowest in May (386ton/ha/month). The amount of stand transpiration per year was 3,983ton/ha/year.

남녀 대학생에서 十宣穴 瀉血이 혈압, 체온 및 맥박수에 미치는 영향

이동건,정원제,이현진,조현석,김경호,김갑성 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives : Sypsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1 chon(寸) from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. in oriental medicine. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. We investigated whether Venesection at the Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate in humans aged from 20 to 30 who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Methods : 67 persons were studied from March to June 2008. They were composed of Sample group(n=36) and Normal group(n=31). Both two groups kept a steady state an hour before venesection. In both group, we checked blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rates 6 times( 30min. before and just before treatment, and just after, 30, 60, 90min after treatment). All study environments were same between sample and normal group. But only, normal group didn't carry out venesection at the Sybsun-points. Results : In a comparison of before and after venesection at the Sybsun-points, any Statistical significance was not evaluated. Though pulse rate in sample group was significantly decreased after venesection(p<0.05), it has no statistical significance because normal group's pulse rate was also significantly decreased and between two groups had no statistical difference. Conclusions : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that venesection at the Sybsun-points has no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature, and pulse rate in humans who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Also in that case, we may know that pain and tension result from venesection at the Sybsun-points have no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate.

남녀 대학생에서 십선혈(十宣穴) 사혈(瀉血)이 혈압, 체온 및 맥박수에 미치는 영향

이동건,정원제,이현진,조현석,김경호,김갑성,Lee, Dong-Gun,Jeong, Won-Je,Lee, Hyun-Jin,Cho, Hyun-Seok,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives : Sypsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1 chon(寸) from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. in oriental medicine. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. We investigated whether Venesection at the Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate in humans aged from 20 to 30 who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Methods : 67 persons were studied from March to June 2008. They were composed of Sample group(n=36) and Normal group(n=31). Both two groups kept a steady state an hour before venesection. In both group, we checked blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rates 6 times( 30min. before and just before treatment, and just after, 30, 60, 90min after treatment). All study environments were same between sample and normal group. But only, normal group didn't carry out venesection at the Sybsun-points. Results : In a comparison of before and after venesection at the Sybsun-points, any Statistical significance was not evaluated. Though pulse rate in sample group was significantly decreased after venesection(p<0.05), it has no statistical significance because normal group's pulse rate was also significantly decreased and between two groups had no statistical difference. Conclusions : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that venesection at the Sybsun-points has no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature, and pulse rate in humans who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Also in that case, we may know that pain and tension result from venesection at the Sybsun-points have no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate.

황소개구리(Lithobates catesbeianus)의 소리 특성 변화에 따른 선호도 연구

곽민경,구교성,장이권 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2022 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.07

무미 양서류는 번식, 공격, 방어, 등을 위해 울음소리를 주로 이용한다. 그중에서도 대표적 으로 번식 울음은 종특이적으로 진화하는 성질로 개체의 생식 능력, 건강, 크기 등에 대한 정 보를 전달하는 역할을 한다. 침입외래종 황소개구리(Lithobates catesbeianus)는 세계 100대 악성 외래종으로 국내에서도 1950년대 식용 목적으로 처음 도입되어 토종 생태계에 큰 위협 을 끼치고 있다. 황소개구리의 경우 대부분 인위적인 소리를 이용한 연구만 진행됐을 뿐 자 연적인 소리의 소리 특성에 관한 연구는 미비하다. 황소개구리 종에 대한 이해와 번식 울음 을 이용한 새로운 개체 수 조절 방안 제시를 위해 황소개구리의 소리 특성 변화에 따른 선호 도 연구의 필요성이 대두된다. 이에 본 연구는 먼저 국내 서식하는 황소개구리 번식 울음의 특성을 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 번식 울음의 선호도를 검증한 후, 번식 울음소리의 특성 변 화에 따른 선호도 차이를 연구하고자 한다. 연구에 사용된 황소개구리 소리는 2021년 6~8월 충청남도 태안군 일대에서 녹음하여 총 17개체의 55개의 번식 울음, 123개의 croak을 확보하 였다. 수집된 음원의 분석 결과, peak frequency는 219.0±14.5 Hz, croak duration은 744.8±118.8 ms, pulse rate은 81.2±14.9 pulse/s로, 이를 바탕으로 소리 특성이 조정하여 유인 음향이 제작되었다. 1차 실험으로는 유인 음향으로 녹음된 자연적인 소리, 이를 바탕으로 만 들어진 인위적인 소리, 그리고 유인 음향이 없는 경우 세 가지에 대한 현장 비교 실험으로 진행되었다. 총 두 개의 연구 지점에서 실험이 진행되었으며, 총 66개체의 황소개구리가 포획 되었다. χ² 검정 결과, 두 지점에서 모두 유인 음향의 차이보다 지점 내 포획 장치의 위치의 차이가 더 유의미했다. 위 결과를 바탕으로 2차 실험인 소리 특성 변화 실험은 총 세 개의 지점에서 진행되었으며, 한 지점 내 총 세 가지로 조정된 소리 특성을 유인 음향으로 사용하 였다. peak frequency 특성 변화 실험 지점에서는 high frequency (254 Hz), median frequency (218 Hz), low frequency (193 Hz), croak duration 특성 변화 실험 지점에서는 short croak duration (430 ms), median croak duration (750 ms), long croak duration (1100 ms), pulse rate 특성 변화 실험 지점에서는 high pulse rate (136 pulse/s), median pulse rate (80 pulse/s), low pulse rate (50 pulse/s), 총 세 개의 스피커에서 각기 다른 소리 특성 의 음향을 출력하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 황소개구리가 선호하는 번식 울음의 종특이적 인 선호도를 연구하여 이후 생태계 보전 및 종 관리 방안에 대한 새로운 접근을 제시할 수 있다.

맥박산소측정기(pulse oximetry)를 이용한 치수 생활력 측정과 기존 방법과의 비교

권익재,서광석,김정욱,장주혜,공현중,Kwon, Ik-Jae,Seo, Kwang-Suk,Kim, Jung-Wook,Chang, Ju-Hea,Kong, Hyoun-Joong 대한치과마취과학회 2012 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.12 No.1

Background: This study evaluated pulp vitality of anterior permanent teeth using pulse oximetry (PO), which is already used for monitoring of patient's $SpO_2$ and pulse rates (PR). Also we compared with ice tests and electric pulp test (EPT). Methods: 9 teeth, endodontic treated, were selected as non-vital teeth group. 17 vital teeth were selected as control group. Our aim is to compare sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ice test, electric pulp test and pulse oximetry, respectively. Pulse oximetry has two test results, $SpO_2$ and pulse rates. Also we calculated correlation and statistical significances by Pearson's test between EPT and pulse oximetry. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were calculated on each tests. Ice test has results of 1.00, 0.89, 0.94 and 1.00, respectively. EPT has results of 0.94, 0.78, 0.89 and 0.88 respectively. $SpO_2$ has results of 0.94, 1.00, 1.00 and 0.90, respectively. PR has results of all 1.00. Conclusions: PO showed relatively accurate, stable and objective results on both $SpO_2$ and PR. Percentage of ability of accurate diagnosis for vital teeth is 94% for ice test, 89% for EPT, 100% for $SpO_2$ and PR. Percentage of ability of accurate diagnosis for non-vital teeth is 100% for ice test, 88% for EPT, 90% for $SpO_2$ and 100% for PR. In additions, PR could be more accurate and significant tests than $SpO_2$.

운동부하검사 중의 자각 운동강도

김미영 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The Borg Scale has been used most widely to evaluate the subjective response of patients during graded exercise test. To determine the validity of the ratings of perceived exercion(RPE) for use with general persons in Korea, we exercised 220 healthy persons to 85% of maximal heart rate with the Bruce treadmill protocol, and compared the ratings with direct measurements of pulse rate. The Pearson Correlation Coefficiencts were 0.43(p=0.0001) between rate and RPE and 0.48(p=0.0001) between relative pulse rate(% of maximal heart rate) and RPE. The correlation coefficients were 0.63(p=0.0001) for men in thirties and 0.19(p>0.05) for men over sixties. RPEs for 70-75% of maximal heart rate were maintained between 12-15. The subjects were able to quantify exercise intensity, but the correlation coefficient was not high, especially in elderly person. So, although the RPE alone predicts the level of exercise intensity, the RPE with the pulse rate may enhance the level of prediction.

Feasibility Study on High Count Rate Application of a LaBr3 Detector With a High Speed Digitizer for Nuclear Facility Decommissioning

Chaehun Lee,Seonkwang Yoon,Sang-bum Hong,Bumkyung Seo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

Radiological characterization is important in decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities, in order to assess the radioactivity concentration, classify the wastes, and secure workers’ safety. The Some components such as Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) in nuclear facilities has dose rate higher than Sv/hr, thus in-situ gamma spectroscopy systems suffer from a very high count rate which causes energy resolution degradation, photo-peak shift, and count loss by pile-up and dead-time. The system must be operated in a very high count rate, in order to measure spectra precisely and to quantify radionuclide contents. In order to apply in-situ measurement in high radiation dose rate environment, the sensor, front-end electronics, and data acquisition (DAQ) should be carefully selected and designed as well as precise design of collimators and radiation shield. In this paper, the components of the detector system were selected and performance was evaluated in a high count rate before design the collimator and shield. A LaBr3 coupled with a PMT having short decay time constant (16 nsec) was selected for high count rate application, and two different amplifiers (a conventional charge sensitive preamplifier with 50 usec decay time constant, and wide-band voltage amplifier) were tested. As DAQs, DT5781 (14 bit, 100 MS/s, CAEN) of Pulse Height Analysis (PHA) which is conventionally used signal processing method in the gamma spectroscopy, and DT5730 (14 bit, 500MS/s, CAEN) of Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) which is similar to Charge to Digital Convertor (QDC) were used. The number of photons incident to the detector was varied by changing the detector-source distance with Certificate Radiation Material (CRM), and compared to the output count rate. The count rate capability, and energy resolution with different amplifier and DAQ was evaluated. Additionally, the performance of DAQs in extremely high count rate was evaluated with signal data generated by the emulator which can simulate the detector signal waveforms fed into the DAQ based on the measured spectrum.