Glycemic index of dietary formula may not be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation

Eun Ju Lee,Ji Yeon Kim,Do Ram Kim,Kyoung Soo Kim,Mi Kyung Kim,Oran Kwon 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.4

The emerging role of endothelial inflammation in diabetes has stimulated research interest in the effects of nutrition on related indices. In the current study we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in glycemic index (GI) may be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects. A double-blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in non-diabetic subjects (n = 8/group). Each subject consumed three types of diabetes-specific dietary formulas (high-fiber formula [FF], high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) formula [MF] and control formula [CF]) standardized to 50 g of available carbohydrates with a 1-week interval between each. The mean glycemic index (GI) was calculated and 3-hour postprandial responses of insulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrotyrosine (NT) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The MF showed the lowest mean GI and significantly low area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.038), but significantly high AUCs for sICAM-1 (P<0.001) and FFA (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and FF. The FF showed intermediate mean GI, but significantly low AUC for NT (P<0.001) as compared to the CF and MF. The mean GI was not positively correlated to any of the inflammatory markers evaluated, and in fact negatively correlated to changes in FFA (r = -0.473, P = 0.006). While the MF with the lowest GI showed the highest values in most of the inflammatory markers measured, the FF with intermediate GI had a modest beneficial effect on endothelial inflammation. These results suggest that nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in the GI may differently influence acute postprandial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects.

심혈관계질환의 위험지표로서Omega-3 Index에 대한 올바른 이해 및 한국인에의 적용

박용순 대한비만학회 2010 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.19 No.1

오메가-3 다가 불포화지방산인 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA; C20:5)와 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA; C22:6)는 심혈관계질환으로 인한 사망을 예방하는 영양소로 잘 알려져 있다. 최근에는 오메가-3 지방산이 심혈관계질환뿐 아니라 뇌졸중을 예방하는데도 도움이 된다는 연구결과가 보고되고 있으며, 이러한 오메가-3 지방산의 효과는 항부정맥, 항염증, 혈액응고 억제, 지단백질 농도 저하 등과 관련이 있다고 한다. Omega-3 Index는 오메가-3 지방산의 체내 수준을 나타내는 유일한 표준 혈액 검사로 적혈구의 EPA와 DHA 수준을 의미한다. Omega-3 Index는 섭취한 오메가-3 지방산과 비례할 뿐 아니라, 심장근육의 오메가-3 지방산 농도와도 비례함하고, 심혈관계질환의 위험도와 음의 상관관계를 가진다고 알려져 심혈관계질환의 위험지표로 활용되고 있다. 권장섭취량인 1g의 오메가-3 지방산으로 얻을 수 있는 8-10% Omega-3 Index가 심혈관계질환의 예방을 위한 적정 목표치로 설정되었다. 한국인에게도 Omega-3 Index는 활용가능하나 목표치는 상향 조정이 필요하다고 사료된다. Of all known dietary factors, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) may be the most protective against death from cardiovascular disease. Evidence continues to accrue for benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke. Anti-arrhythmogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and hypolipidemic effects of omega-3-fatty acids are emerging as the most likely explanation. New evidence has confirmed and refined the cardioprotective risk factor of Omega-3 Index, the only standardized blood test of omega-3 fatty acids measuring content of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Current evidence suggests that individuals with coronary artery disease may reduce their risk of sudden cardiac death by increasing their intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids by approximately 1 g per day and achieving a target range of 8-10% Omega-3 Index. However, target range of Omega-3 Index for Koreans may be higher than 10%.

Periodontal inflamed surface area as a novel numerical variable describing periodontal conditions

Park, Shin-Young,Ahn, Soyeon,Lee, Jung-Tae,Yun, Pil-Young,Lee, Yun Jong,Lee, Joo Youn,Song, Yeong Wook,Chang, Yoon-Seok,Lee, Hyo-Jung Korean Academy of Periodontology 2017 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.47 No.5

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: PISA integrates multiple periodontal indexes, such as probing pocket depth, BOP, and PI into a numerical variable. PISA is advantageous for quantifying periodontal inflammation and plaque accumulation.

Periodontal inflamed surface area as a novel numerical variable describing periodontal conditions

박신영,안소연,이정태,윤필영,이윤종,이주연,송영욱,장윤석,이효정 대한치주과학회 2017 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.47 No.5

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease.

한국인의 인슐린저항성 대사 지수에 따른 치주염 위험성 평가: 제6기 국민건강영양조사(2013–2015)

김인환,이예찬,권유진,이용제 대한가정의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.13 No.1

Background: Studies have reported an association between periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues, and insulinresistance. The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) index was recently developed to assess insulin resistance. This study aimed toinvestigate the association between periodontitis and insulin resistance according to the METS-IR index. Methods: A total of 10,807 participants from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2015) were included in this study. Wedefined periodontitis as the community periodontal index score of 3 or higher in at least one site. Multiple logistic regression analyses wereconducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for periodontitis according to METS-IR index quartiles. Results: Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), the OR (95% CI) for periodontitis were 1.61 (1.37–1.90) in the second quartile (Q2), 2.37 (2.03–2.77) in thethird quartile (Q3), and 2.89 (2.45–3.41) in the highest quartile (Q4) of the unadjusted model. After the adjustment for confounders, compared to Q1,the OR (95% CI) for periodontitis was 1.15 (0.93–1.42) in Q2, 1.30 (1.04–1.62) in Q3, and 1.39 (1.09–1.77) in Q4. Conclusion: Our study found that METS-IR index had a significant positive association with the prevalence of periodontitis. 연구배경: 치주염은 치주 조직에 발생하는 만성 염증성 질환이며, 치주염과 인슐린저항성의 상관관계를 밝힌 선행 연구들이 있다. METS-IR (Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance) 지수가 인슐린저항성을 평가하기 위한 도구로 개발되어 그 중요성이 최근 강조되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 METS-IR 지수에 따른 치주염의 위험도를 조사하였다. 방법: 제6차 국민건강영양조사 2013–2015년에 참가한 총 10,807명 연구 대상자가 이번 연구에 대상자로 선정되었다. 치주염은 적어도 하나의 부위에서 ‘3점’ 이상의 CPI (Community Periodontal Index) 점수인 경우로 정의하였다. 다중 선형회귀분석을 통해 METS-IR 지수 사분위수에 따른 치주염 여부에 대한 오즈비(odds ratio)와 95% 신뢰구간(confidence interval)을 계산하였다. 결과: 보정을 하지 않은 모델에서 METS-IR 지수가 가장 낮은 사분위 1그룹(Q1)에 대한 오즈비(95% 신뢰구간)는 사분위 2그룹(Q2) 1.61 (1.37–1.90), 사분위 3그룹(Q3) 2.37 (2.03–2.77), 그리고 METS-IR지수가 가장 높은 사분위 4그룹(Q4) 2.89 (2.45–3.41)였으며, 교란변수를 모두 보정한 후에는 Q2 1.15 (0.93–1.42), Q3 1.30 (1.04–1.62), Q41.39 (1.09–1.77)였다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 METS-IR 지수가 치주염의 발생률과 유의하게 양의 상관관계가 있음을 밝혀냈다. 치주염과 METS-IR 지수의 인과관계를 확인하기 위해서는 후속 코호트 연구가 필요하겠다.

Prognostic Values of Inflammation and Immune-based Scores in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Undergo Transarterial Chemoembolization

( Eun Ju Cho ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Joon Yeul Nam ),( Young Chang ),( Hyeki Cho ),( Seong Hee Kang ),( Young Youn Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Hyo-cheol Kim ),( Chung Yong Kim ),( Jung-hwan 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: We investigated whether baseline inflammation and immune- based scores predict prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: A total of 615 consecutive patients with HCC who had undergone TACE as initial treatment were included from a prospective cohort. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) defined as (platelet count × neutrophil)/lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were analyzed with regard to their associations with disease progression and survival. Results: All of the tested inflammation/immune-based scores were significantly associated with overall survival in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analyses, SII levels were independent risk factors for poorer survival together with BCLC stage, serum AFP levels, maximum tumor size, and Child-Pugh score. The hazard ratio of death for each increase in SII level was 3.483 (95% confidence interval, 1.971-6.156; p<0.001). Furthermore, SII significantly improved discrimination function of BCLC stage in predicting overall survival. Conclusions: High baseline SII independently correlated with poorer OS in patients with HCC who underwent TACE.

The association between dietary sodium intake and adiposity, inflammation, and hormone markers

Choi, Jeong-Hwa,Heo, Young-Ran 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.6

Purpose: Excess intake of sodium is a major diet-related risk factor for human diseases including hypertension and cancer as well as obesity and inflammation. However, findings are still controversial, and evidence is lacking in Koreans. Therefore, for better understanding of the role of dietary sodium intake in disease etiology, this study investigated the effects of dietary sodium intake on adiposity, inflammation, and hormones in Koreans. Methods: A total of 80 males and females joined the study. The general characteristics and dietary intake data were investigated by trained interviewers using a questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall, respectively. For the markers of adiposity, body weight, body mass index, percent of body fat, visceral fat area, and waist and hip circumference were measured. For the inflammation and hormone markers, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were also analyzed. Results: Multivariate linear regression analyses suggested that dietary sodium intake was not associated with adiposity. However, dietary sodium showed a significant association with insulin level: Plasma insulin concentration increased with sodium intake independent of other dietary intake or percent of body fat (β= 0.296, adjusted r² = 0.276, p < 0.01). Other markers for inflammation and hormonal responses were not associated with dietary sodium intake. Conclusion: Findings suggested that dietary sodium intake may be a critical modifying factor in the level of plasma insulin. However, it showed a limited effect on obesity and other inflammation markers and hormone levels. These findings should be confirmed in larger, well-designed investigations.

The association between dietary sodium intake and adiposity, inflammation, and hormone markers: A preliminary study

최정화,허영란 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.6

Purpose: Excess intake of sodium is a major diet-related risk factor for human diseases including hypertension and cancer as well as obesity and inflammation. However, findings are still controversial, and evidence is lacking in Koreans. Therefore, for better understanding of the role of dietary sodium intake in disease etiology, this study investigated the effects of dietary sodium intake on adiposity, inflammation, and hormones in Koreans. Methods: A total of 80 males and females joined the study. The general characteristics and dietary intake data were investigated by trained interviewers using a questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall, respectively. For the markers of adiposity, body weight, body mass index, percent of body fat, visceral fat area, and waist and hip circumference were measured. For the inflammation and hormone markers, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were also analyzed. Results: Multivariate linear regression analyses suggested that dietary sodium intake was not associated with adiposity. However, dietary sodium showed a significant association with insulin level: Plasma insulin concentration increased with sodium intake independent of other dietary intake or percent of body fat (β= 0.296, adjusted r2 = 0.276, p < 0.01). Other markers for inflammation and hormonal responses were not associated with dietary sodium intake. Conclusion: Findings suggested that dietary sodium intake may be a critical modifying factor in the level of plasma insulin. However, it showed a limited effect on obesity and other inflammation markers and hormone levels. These findings should be confirmed in larger, well-designed investigations.

운동 형태의 차이가 폐경 후 비만중년여성의 염증지표인자와 항 노화 호르몬에 미치는 영향

오경모(Oh, Kyung-Mo) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study is to apply yoga, walking, and weight training, exercises with high accessibility and popularity among physical activities performed by middle-aged females, to analyze changes in elements of inflammation index and anti-aging hormone according to each exercise type, and to examine the type of exercise effective in maintaining health and delaying aging of obese middle-aged females. 25 middle-aged females after menopause living in P city who have no special experience in exercises, no special diseases medically found in three years, and percent body fat of over 30% were selected as subjects of this study. The subjects were divided into 8 subjects in yoga group, 8 subjects in walking group, and 9 subjects in weight training group. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted using SPSS 18.0 program for data processing with significance level of p<.05. As a result of this study, CRP and TNF-α were significantly decreased after exercise in yoga and walking groups, but no significant difference was shown by weight training group. In terms of difference among groups, yoga group and walking group showed lower values than weight training group after exercise. There was no significant difference in melatonin among groups, time of measurement, and interaction effect. While DHEA-s did not show significant difference in yoga and walking groups before and after exercise, weight training group showed significant increase in DHEA-s. In terms of difference among groups, weight training group showed higher value than yoga group and walking group. There was no significant difference in body weight and percent body fat. Yoga and walking groups did not show significant difference in muscle mass, but weight training group showed significant increase. No significant difference was found in muscle mass among groups.

Adiposity, Adipokines, and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Healthy Adults Without Asthma

Kim, Sang-Heon,Kim, Tae Hyung,Lee, Ji Seon,Koo, Tai Yeon,Lee, Chang Beom,Yoon, Ho Joo,Shin, Dong Ho,Park, Sung Soo,Sohn, Jang Won Informa Healthcare 2011 The Journal of asthma Vol.48 No.2

<P><I>Background.</I> Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity//adiposity is closely associated with asthma in terms of development, severity, and control of asthma. However, effects of obesity//adiposity on airway inflammation are not well known in subjects without asthma. We assessed whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, was associated with obesity//adiposity in nonasthmatic healthy adults. <I>Methods.</I> We measured FeNO and serum levels of adipose-derived hormones and adipokines in 117 adult subjects without a previous diagnosis of asthma or current asthmatic symptoms. Associations between FeNO and measures of obesity//adiposity [body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, and body fat percentages] were examined by correlation analyses and uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses. <I>Results.</I> FeNO was not significantly associated with BMI, body fat mass, or body fat percentage by a multivariate linear regression model, adjusting for age, gender, chronic rhinitis, atopy, and lung function. No significant association of FeNO with serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α慣, or interleukin (IL)-6 was observed. <I>Conclusions.</I> These findings suggest that in healthy subjects without asthma, obesity//adiposity has no significant effect on eosinophilic airway inflammation and that hormones and systemic inflammation derived from adipose tissue do not affect eosinophilic airway inflammation.</P>