근대 문학독본류의 미의식과 이데올로기 연구

유용태(Yu, Yongtae) 중앙어문학회 2018 語文論集 Vol.73 No.-

이 논문은 문학독본류의 미의식과 이데올로기를 연구한 것이다. 문학독본류는 근대의 문학지식과 미의식을 전수한다. 『시문독본』의 미의식이 객관적 대상을 주관화하는 미적 가치를 통해 근대전환기 문학인식을 목적으로 한다면 『문예독본』의 미의식은 주체의 미적 태도에 따른 표현에 의하여 발현하는 미적 가치에 주목하여 주관-객관화의 체험으로 미적 판단까지 일부분 포함하고 있다. 문학독본류의 미의식은 문학인식에서 판단으로 나아가는 확장을 보여준다. 문학독본류는 개인의 발전가능성에 비중을 둔 지적 능력의 향상과 감정적 언어를 통한 공감으로 일종의 신념체계로써 민족 이데올로기를 내면화하고 있다. 또한 독본의 교육적 역할과 문학제도의 승인 · 결합을 통과해야만 하는 과정에서 협력 · 순응 이데올로기를 내포하게 된다. 문학독본류는 교육을 일차적 목적으로 두고 있으며 이에 따라 예술적 교육의 역할을 병행한다. 문학독본류의 예술적 교육은 독자에게 문학인식을 바탕으로 미의식을 규정하고 미적 판단능력까지 육성하는 것이다. 문학독본류의 예술적 교육은 근대 문학지식의 함양과 미적 판단을 육성하는 과정에서 판단의 동인에 민족을 배치하면서 민족 이데올로기를 내면화시키고 있다. 독본의 미의식과 이데올로기를 파악하고 성격과 당대적 역할을 규명하는 방법은 일제강점기 민간에서 발간된 다른 독본에도 확대 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 일제강점기 독본들은 그 구성에 있어 문학작품의 비중이 상당히 높기 때문이다. 각 독본의 미의식과 이데올로기를 규명할 수 있다면 근대문학의 정전화에서 일제강점기 독본류의 역할과 의미를 분명히 밝힐 수 있을 것이다. The goal of this study is to seek about the aesthetic sense in a category of the literature reading book and an ideology. literature reading books have been passed down the modern aesthetic sense. The understanding of the aesthetic sense of the poetry reading book is based on awareness of an objective target through subjective processes. Furthermore, the aesthetic sense in a category of literature reading book contains aesthetic judgments that are described based on aesthetic attitudes. The aesthetic sense of literature reading books does not stop at the awareness stage. it develops the area from “awareness” to “judgement.” The aesthetic sense involved in the category of literature reading books contains few major factors. First, it helps develop intellectual capacity that is limited by personal potential and also helps build stronger sympathy though emotional language. Those represent national ideology as types of belief structures. Second, it represents the domination and collaboration ideology that appears during the process of approval and combination in the literature system. Third, it plays a role in the area of arts education. Therefore, the aesthetic sense involved in the category of literature reading books helps readers to explore the rules of aesthetic consciousness and artistic judgement based on recognition of literature. The artistic education factor in literature reading books helps cultivate modern literature knowledge, develop artistic judgment skills, and pass down national ideologies to the next generations. Furthermore, identifying and researching artistic values from other types of literature books can be undertaken as a future task.

근대 문학정전에 내포된 미 이데올로기의 성격과 역할

유용태 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.5

이 연구의 목적은 근대 문학정전에 내포된 미 이데올로기의 성격과 역할을 규명하는 것이다. 예술사회학적 관점에서 문학장의 이데올로기 지향을 살펴보고 이를 반영한 문학정전의 이데올로기를 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 미 이데올로기의 성격과 역할에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 문학정전에 내포된 이데올로기는 국가 이데올로기가 아니라 문학장의 이데올로기이다. 문학장의 이데올로기는 역사적 의식을 강조하여 한국문학의 연속성을 확보하려는 것과 개인을 중시하고 혁신성을 포용하려는 지향점을 지니고 있다. 이를 반영하는 문학정전은 혁신적 문학에 지위를 부여하려는 개방적인 성격도 포함하고 있다. 미적 가치의 표면화된 미 이데올로기는 본원적인 미적 가치를 지향한다. 미적 가치의 내면화된 미 이데올로기는 예술적 관습과 특정 집단의 영향관계에서 자유로울 수가 없으며 이에 따라 사회적 역할을 부여한다. 이는 개인을 상상적 공동체로 호명하며 공동체로서 정체성을 부여한다. 예술사회학적 접근을 통한 문학정전의 미학적 연구는 앞으로의 과제로 남겨둔다. The goal of this is to establish the characteristics and roles of the ideology about the beauty in the modern literary canon. This study is investigated the ideology in the literary canon by a direction of the ideology from the literature field though the sociology of art. Though the results of the investigation, this study has developed the characteristics and roles of an ideology about beauty. The ideology in the literary canon is not the national ideology. It is the ideology in the literature field. The ideology from the literature field has two major intention points, that are securing continuity of overall Korean literature and accepting personality & innovation characteristics, with focusing on the historical consciousness. Therefore, the literary canon, that contains the ideology, has open-characteristics to accept those innovative works of literature as part of their literary canon. The beauty ideology that has been come to the surface of aesthetic values aims primary aesthetic values. The beauty ideology that has been internalized with aesthetic values can not be freed from artistic practices and influences from some specific groups, therefore it has been given social roles. Those social roles are called individuals as the imaginary community, also given an identity as the community. This study leaves the aesthetic study from the literary canon with using the sociology of art for further tasks on this field of the study.

현대문학 : 국어교과서의 미적경험과 국가 이데올로기-단정기,전쟁기 교과서 중심으로-

정영진 ( Young Jin Jeong ) 겨레어문학회 2006 겨레어문학 Vol.37 No.-

The purpose of this article is to illuminate how the aesthetic experiences, shown in the Korean textbooks, related to the instillation of national ideology. A school is the major system of nation and textbooks are composed in order to accomplish the aims and objectives of the system. In this respect, the aesthetic experiences in textbooks are in close connection with the doctrines of nation, or national ideology. More than any other subjects, particularly, Korean textbook is the clearest media in terms of national ideology, for it teaches national language per se. Furthermore, regarding the historical background of Korea which after the Liberation struggled for the ultimate goal, the establishment of so-called new nation from every aspect, it is self-evident that textbooks in the period of Independent Government to wartime reveal national ideology completely. However, I attempt to examine the problem not of the diffusion or infusion of national ideology, but of the organization of aesthetic experiences far from the former. In other words, my concern is how the formation of aesthetic experiences, by means of Korean textbooks, helps to embrace national ideology. Above all, we can pay attention to the arrangement of text-books. Of course, the functional arrangement of those should give importance to the effect of learning but it is actually made according to the private relation, to individual tastes and values. Consquently, that seems to have harmful influence on students` aesthetic experiences, because textbooks are likely to restrict the autonomical aesthetic experiences by the intended prejudices. Secondly, I take the subjectivity and the consciousness of time into consideration. Aesthetic attitudes, depicted in contemporary Korean textbooks, are those of mysophobic contemplation. What needs for these aesthetic subjects is the attitude of severe ``waiting``. ``Waiting`` or ``patience`` may be also the virtue that is inevitably demanded when national ideology summons the nation. Besides, textbooks force to internalize the hierarchy of aesthetic subjects. Namely, aesthetic subjects to appreciate works are subordinate to producers. Producers agree to merely a model of prophet-like artist and necessarily despise that of artist belonging to secular reality. They emphasized only spiritualism by defining reality as the physical and contaminated world. Aesthetic time in textbooks is always that of past or moment. This results in the deficiency of the otherness of aesthetic subjects. The present in absence might be beyond question the moment temporariness replace eternality. That makes students internalize the fact to unite moment and eternity means to coincide individuality with universality with no conflict. Ultimately, This contributes to establish the inner logic which an individual will engage in nation tacitly.

1950년대 가난과 보수주의 시학

정영진(Jeong, Yeong-Jin) 동악어문학회 2015 동악어문학 Vol.64 No.-

1950년대 경제적인 가난은 명백한 사실이다. 하지만 시에서는 별로 가난에 대해 관심이 없었다. 궁핍한 생활에서 비롯한 고독과 비애의 정서를 발견하기는 쉽지만, 가난을 전면적으로 다루는 시들은 아주 적다. 서정주는 말한다. “가난이야 한낱 남루에 지나지 않는다.” 이렇게 말할 수 있는 까닭은 무엇일까. 이 글은 서정주의 시를 당대 한국 현실을 리얼하게 다룬 소설들과 겹쳐 읽으면서, 서정주 시의 미적 이데올로기와 시장경제 원리와의 연관성을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 1950년대 ‘가난’이 저항 담론의 수행성을 구성할 수 없었던 까닭과 서정주 시의 보수주의 미학의 성격을 가늠해보고자 한다. 1950년대 서정주 시처럼 자본주의 세계의 질서와 원리를 고유한 자기 원리로 번역해 낸 시인은 없어 보인다. 이때의 자본주의 질서와 원리란 이윤추구를 목적으로 하는 체계라기보다는, 인간의 본성에 따라 사익을 추구하고 개인들은 최대의 만족을 얻기 위해 자유롭게 시장에 참여하며, 이때 가격은 수요와 공급에 따라 ‘보이지 않는 손’에 의해 형성된다고 보는 ‘시장 원리(maket principle)’를 의미한다. 경제주체들의 자유로운 경쟁이 이루어지는 시장은 자기 조절 기능이 있기 때문에 인위적인 개입이 시장의 흐름을 깨는 것으로 간주된다. 서정주는 역사적 신체를 배제하고, 인간의 타고난 본성들의 향연을 이상화했다. 그는 훼손되지 않은 본연의 인간성이 다른 수많은 본연의 생명들과 자연스럽게 교류하는 세계에 영원성 내지 절대성을 부여하고자 했다. 서정주는 시장 지향의 심성(mentality)이 구축되어가는 전후사회의 집단적 무의식-교환의 감각을 내면화하는 등-을 대담하게 구도를 잡아 미학화 했다고 볼 수 있다. 어쩌면 서정주에게 전통은 ‘동양’이나 ‘신라’에 있다기보다는 ‘현실’을 수용해가는 민중들의 집단적 무의식 차원과 결부지어 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 서정주의 보수주의 미학(시학)의 핵심은 바로 현실수용의 구조를 미학화 하는 데 있기 때문이다. The economic poverty during the 1950s is a clear fact. However, poems did not have much interest in poverty. It is easy to discover the sentiment of solitude and sorrow based on impoverished life, and, however, there are an extremely small number of poems that overall deal with poverty. Jeong-ju Seo says “Poverty is nothing but merely being ragged.” What is the reason he can make such a statement? This study seeks to examine the correlation between the aesthetic ideology of the poems of Jeong-ju Seo and the principles of market economy, while reading both the poems of Jeong-ju Seou and the novels that realistically depicted the realities of Korea during the time. This study seeks to identify the characteristics of conservatism aesthetics of the poems of Jeong-ju Seo and the reason that ‘poverty’ was not able to compose the performance of the confrontation discourses in the 1950s. There seems to have been no poet that translated the orders and principles of the capitalism world into his or her own unique principles as the poems of Jeong-ju Seo had in the 1950s. The orders and principles of the capitalism world means the ‘market principle’ that considers that human beings pursue their own interests pursuant to human nature, individuals freely participate in the market to obtain maximum satisfaction, and the price is formed by an ‘invisible hand’ pursuant to demand and supply, rather than meaning a system that has its objective as profit-seeking. Because a market where free competition by economic agents is formed has a function of self-control, artificial intervention is regarded to break the flow of the market. Jeong-ju Seou excluded the body of history and idealized the banquet of the inner natures of people. He sought to grant absoluteness or eternal nature to the world where the undamaged human nature naturally interacts with the numerous other natural organisms. Many believe Jeong-ju Seo forms an aesthetic sense by boldly grasping the composition of the group unconsciousness in the postwar society ? internalization of the sense of exchange - where a market-oriented mentality was being constructed. Maybe, the tradition to Jeong-ju Seo could have been combined with group unconsciousness of the public accepting the ‘reality,’ rather than the ‘East’ or ‘Silla.’ That is because the core of the conservatism aesthetic (poetry) of Jeong-ju Seo is in making an aesthetic sense in the structure of acceptance of reality.

1920년대 동인지 문학 운동과 미 이데올로기

차혜영 한국문학이론과비평학회 2004 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.24 No.-

This study aims to contemplate aesthetic autonomy and movement in 1920's coterie magazine literature. Coterie magazine-writer made their own aesthetic ideology, aesthetic self-consciousness, and literary medium. They made cultural sense and association, at last establish their own original status of Korean modern literature. Their aesthetic ideology as combination of individual subject and art is early 1920's characteristic property. 'Pureness' that is regarded in the same light with aesthetic autonomy, played Korean special role

교과서 시작품의 선정 원리에 관한 연구

오정훈(Oh Jeong Hun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2011 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.11 No.3

시교육을 통해 문학교육의 목표에 도달하기 위해서는 제재에 해당하는 시작품의 선정에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 편향된 가치관에 빠져 다양한 측면의 작품 선정 기준을 고려하지 않으면 학생들의 감동을 이끌어내기 어렵다. 이에 문학적 측면, 교 육적 측면, 편성적 측면의 요소들을 다각도로 살펴 이러한 조건들에 충족되는 작품 을 선정할 필요가 있다. 문학적 가치성과 미적 범주의 균등한 안배, 시 갈래의 특성 을 온전히 보여 줄 수 있는 작품을 문학적 측면의 고려 요소로 선정해야 한다. 또한, 교육적 측면에서는 가치, 수준, 흥미의 요소들을 고려해야 한다. 교육적 가치를 구현 할 수 있으며, 학생의 수준에 부합하고 흥미를 유발시킬 수 있는 작품이어야 한다. 편성적 측면과 관련해서는, 다양한 시대의 대표작품과 특정 이념에서 벗어나 다양한 이념을 수용하는 성향의 작품이 교과서에 수록될 필요가 있다. 문학, 교육, 편성적 측면의 조건들을 충족시킨 작품은 학생들의 감동을 이끌어 내어 문학적 감수성과 상 상력을 신장시키는 데 기여하리라 본다. In choosing poems in poetry education, it is necessary to select a poem revealing its own special identity at a level of a form and contents from the literary viewpoint, and also to include the poem, which equally reflects aesthetic categories dealt with in literature, in a textbook. In short, it s necessary to select the poetry works that could obviously show the musicality, pictorial characteristic, and implicity of a poem differentiated from other genres of literature on the basis of the agreement to the value of literary works; however, it won t be desirable to handle the aesthetic categories in literature lopsidedly. It is almost impossible to accept all poetry works that correspond to the principle at a literary aspect at the chalkface; accordingly, it s necessary to contain the things which meet the standard of a goal , content , and method applicable to the principle of an education aspect among the poetry works suited for the literary principles. In other words, value , standard , and interest should be considered. It s because only the work that premises its value, but considers a student s level and can arouse a student s interest, is able to reach the essential goal of poetry education. Thus, it s necessary to look into the elements at the level of time and ideology at a practical, concrete aspect after taking the principle of an cultural & educational aspect into account. Time which corresponds to the principle of an constitutional aspect is the concept putting an emphasis on getting out of time bias & closing ; thus, it s imperative that a writer and work, which could represent the proper time while adhering to openness that can cover the works created during a variety of periods on the basis of poetical literature history and critical research outcome, should be selected. In addition, in relation to ideology , the attitude of selecting works that lean too much on specific ideology and value should be rejected in the frame of macroscopic ideology. The biased attitude favoring specific ideology and value is obviously an obstacle to the goal achievement of the whole poetry eduction, and further, it s because such an attitude cannot but have its limit at an aspect of diverse experiences and formation of values.

디지털 예술 시대에 있어서 헤겔의 미적 가상화

배용준 ( Bae Yong-jun ) 한국동서철학회 2021 동서철학연구 Vol.- No.99

The fundamental principle of Hegel's art theory is aesthetic appearance. The aesthetic appearance is an ideological feature and an expression of truth in which the ideology of beauty has been revealed in a virtual form. Hegel, however, excludes matter and nature from aesthetic appearance regulations and places value on artwork with the concepts of spirituality, ideology, autonomy, and systemicity. However, these aesthetic appearance regulations have been changed with contemporary art and face limitations. This is because modern works of art express materials and natural things, not mechanical necessity or spirit, as opposed to freedom. There has been the appearance of Benjamin's theory of photographic art, projects to clone an original artwork using 3D scanners and 3D printers, and paintings using artificial intelligence. Thus, the features of uniqueness, one-time, and historical characteristics that traditionally claimed the identity of the unique art have become meaningless. Such results indicate that Hegel's aesthetic appearance systemicity has to be changed accordingly. In light of the above, this paper aims to examine and to state that Hegel's aesthetic appearance regulations, principles, and the systemicity of clinging to them should be changed.

송순(宋純) 시조(時調)의 미적(美的) 성취(成就)와 그 가치(價値) : 시조집(時調集) 『교본(校本) 력대시조전서(歷代時調全書)』의 정정(訂正)을 겸(兼)하여

김학성 ( Hak Sung Kim ) 반교어문학회 2008 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.25

노동 소설의 성장 소설적 가능성에 대한 고찰

김한식 ( Kim Han-sik ) 국제어문학회 2004 국제어문 Vol.31 No.-

The Labor Novel has not been founding its appropriate site in our literary history even though more than 20 years have passed; neither the appreciation of labor novel has not ended nor it has been on the process. The appreciations of labor novel done recently are not satisfactory as most of them are done by the critics of those times when labor novel had made issue. Therefore, there is nothing novel about the critics` latest comments. They could be an overstatement viewed by the past or a warning statement of not disconnecting with our literary history in terms of recent situation. In other words, people who were for labor literature in the past still stay in that area and people who have kept a distance from it from the beginning cannot approach to labor novel. Now it is time to think over how we fix position of labor novel in our literary history. It is naturally important and has a significant meaning to explain the meaning of labor novel according to the past times. By the way, talking about the labor novel with only the view of times` reflection is not enough. Literary meaning should be more than the mirror of times. With point of this view, labor novel should be considered as a completed narrative. This thesis tried to find out the meaning of labor novel`s being in the formation novel or formation narrative. Formation in terms of an individual`s awakening was not only possible in the dawning of bourgeois. I tried to reconsider the labor novel in terms of laborer`s formation-people usually call it awakening-in this thesis.

기독교 교육과 미학: 헤겔의 예술 철학을 중심으로

박종석 ( Jong Suk Park ) 한국복음주의신학회 2009 성경과신학 Vol.50 No.-

Beginning from the perspective that today`s education overly emphasizes knowledge and arguing that true education entails a balance between knowledge and emotion, the paper argues for an education that incorporates an artistic dimension and looks to the artistic philosophy of Hegel. for inspiration. Hegel`s artistic theory generally is rarely mentioned in the field of education. However, the discussion of Hegel is useful because, in addition to a view of the pedagogic identity, it offers a perspective of its different stages and development. Christian education, likewise, needs to establish its identity and seek a more thorough solution to the means of how the student gets to meet God. This paper argues that the process of securing the status of an independent scholarship for the field of Christian education that is independent of theology or other scholarships requires efforts at harmony with Hegel`s ideology and symbol as well as consideration for a more diverse and developed artistic education in the church. By offering the Bible and photograph as instances of student and God getting connected through art in Christian education, the paper argues how close artistic activity is to the substance of education itself.