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광대역 종합정보통신망 프로토콜에서 ATM 적응계층과 제어평면의 설계 및 구현
윤일환(II-Hwan Yoon),황민태(Min-Tae Hwang),이정태(Jung-Tae Lee) 한국정보과학회 1993 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.20 No.2
앞으로의 통신망은 음성, 데이타 뿐만아니라 비디오 정보도 수용할 수 있는 광대역 종합정보통신망으로 발전할 전망이다. 광대역 종합정보통신망은 ATM 방식에 따라 표준화가 추진중에 있고, 프로토콜 구조는 물리계층, ATM 계층 및 ATM 적응계층으로 구성되어 있다. 광대역 종합정보통신망에 기존의 단말기를 접속하려면 TA(Terminal Adaptor)의 기능을 가진 접속장치가 개발되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 접속장치 개발의 일환으로 광대역 종합정보통신망 프로토콜중에서 ATM 적응계층과 제어평면을 설계하고 구현하였다.
Choi, Jeong II,Lee, Hyung Kon,Chung, Sung Tae,Kim, Chang Mo,Bae, Hong Beom,Kim, Seok Jai,Yoon, Myung Ha,Chung, Sung Su,Jeong, Chang Young The Korean Pain Society 2005 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.18 No.1
Background: Spinal metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and opioid receptors are involved in the modulation of nociception. Although opioid receptors agonists are active for pain, the effects of the compounds for the mGluRs have not been definitely investigated at the spinal level. We examined the effects of the intrathecal mGluR compounds and morphine in the nociceptive test, and then we further clarified the role of the spinal mGluRs. In addition, the nature of the pharmacological interaction after the coadministration of mGluRs compounds with morphine was determined. Methods: Catheters were inserted into the intrathecal space of male SD rats. For the induction of pain, $50{\mu}l$ of 5% formalin solution or a thermal stimulus was applied to the hindpaw. An isobolographic analysis was used for the evaluation of the drug interaction. Results: Neither group I mGluR compounds nor group III mGluR compounds produced any antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. The group II mGluR agonist (APDC) had little effect on the formalin-induced nociception. The group II mGluR antagonist (LY 341495) caused a dose-dependent suppression of the phase 2 flinching response on the formalin test, but it did not reduce the phase 1 response of the formalin test nor did it increase the withdrawal latency of the thermal stimulus. Isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction after the intrathecal delivery of a LY 341495-morphine mixture. Conclusions: These results suggest that group II mGluRs are involved in the facilitated processing at the spinal level, and the combination of LY 341495 with morphine may be useful to manage the facilitated pain state.
건강한 한국 성인에서 ALDH2 유전형에 따라 Metadoxine(Alcotel)이 알코올의 약동학 및 약역학에 미치는 영향
윤진상,윤보현,이용복,신일선,정재성,정원태,시영화 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2000 약품개발연구지 Vol.9 No.1
Objectives : Mctadoxine is known to have accelerated the metabolism of alcohol in previous studies with Caucasian subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metadoxine on alcohol pharmacokinetis and pharmacodynamics in normal Korean adults according to the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2) genotypes. Methods : Twenty healthy male volunteers(half with active ALDH2*1/*1 : active group, the other with inactive ALDH2*1/*1 : inactive group) were selected by genotyping. In a double-blind, counterbalanced design, can subject ingested 0.5g of alcohol per ㎏ of body weight with pretreatment of metadoxine or placebo on 2 acparate occasions. Blood alcohol concentration by breathanalyzer(BrAC), vital signs, negative physiological response and performance function using a battery of tests(critical flicker fusion threshold : CFFT, choice reaction time : CRT, compensatory tracking task : CTT and digit-symbol substitution : DSS) were measured at baseline and repeatedly over 3-hour period after intake of alcohol. Results : Among the pharmacokinetic parameters, Vmax and Km were significantly increased with pretreatment of metadoxine in both the active and inactive ALDH2 groups, but the ratio of Vmax/Km was decreased. In terms of pharmacodynamics, the pretreatment of metadoxine produced a significant improvement of performance such as CFFT and DSS in the active ALDH2 group, but did not in the inactive ALDH2 group. Conclusions : It may be concluded that metadoxine has little effect on alcohol metabolism in both groups with respect to phamacokinetics on the basis of BrAC. The pharmacodynamic results, however, indicated that metadoxine might be partially effective in counteracting the impairing effects of alcohol on the performance in the active ALDH2 group.
일 종합전문병원에서의 전문간호사 역할 및 운영방안 개발
이태화,고일선,김인숙,김현옥,박영우,김인자,박정숙,최미옥,손미정,길윤경,김은현 대한간호행정학회 2007 간호행정학회지 Vol.13 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop roles and organizational policy of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in an acute hospital setting. Method: The design of the study was to descriptive-exploratory. Sample consisted of 43 participants who included 13 nurses, 18 nurse managers and 12 physicians. Survey, interview and focus group interview were performed to obtain the data. Results: The expected roles of APNs were education and counseling, direct management patient care with advanced skills, research, and collaboration and coordination among several departments. The expected outcomes were patient satisfaction, improved access to care, decreased the rate of complications, and speedy provision of services. Based on research, a proposal of APNs roles and organizational policy in a hospital setting was developed, which included definition of APNs, qualification, roles and specific roles, specialty areas, accountability, recruitment and affiliation, privileges, and expected outcomes. Conclusion: This study gives a guideline on how to introduce and use APNs in acute care tertiary settings.
윤재천 ( Jae Cheon Yoon ),강성래 ( Seong Rae Kang ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),현태일 ( Tae Ii Hyun ),노상현 ( Sang Hyun Rho ) 대한외상학회 1991 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.4 No.2
This is a review of clinical analysis with 50 burn patients which treated at the our hospital between january, 1990 to November, 1991. The results were as follows: 1) Most abundant group of age was between 40 to 49 years old (24%), Male was affected more frequently than female. The ratio of male to female was 2.31 : 1. 2) Seasonal distribution showed that winter was the highest incidence; 15 cases (30%), but no significant seasonal difference was observed. 3) Flame burn was 48% and Scalding burn was 46%. 4) Most of patient (80%) were lesser affected than 20% extent of burn. 5) The most frequent hematocrit level (Hemoglobin concentration) was 36-40% (1l.0-13.9gm%); 16 cases (32%). 6) The most frequent duration of treatment was within 10 days (38%). 7) Skin graft was performed in 10 cases and most frequent period of grafting was above 6 weeks (50%). 8) The main complications were wound infection (58.3%), sepsis (12.5%), pulmonary complication (8.3%), etc, in order. 9) In 14 cases of burn wound culture, the main organisms were Pseudomonas aeroginosa 12 cases (54%), Staphylococus aureus 3 cases (13%), E.coli ; 2 cases (9%), etc, in order. 10) The over all mortality rate was 8% (4/50) and the most frequent cause of death was sepsis 75% (3/4). 11) The highest mortality rate was in flame burn (100%).
갑상선 미세유두상암에서 혈관내피성장인자(VEGF)와 혈관내피성장인자 수용체(VEGFR-1), 저산소증 유발인자(HIF-1α)의 mRNA 발현
윤태일,정용식,고진철,함기백<SUP>1<.SUP>,소의영,Tae II Yoon,M.D.,Yong Sik Jung,M.D.,Jin Cheol Koe,M.D.,Ki Baek Ham,M.D.<SUP>1<.SUP> and Euy Young Soh,M.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2005 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.5 No.1
Purpose: Angiogeneisis is essential process for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is major regulator of angiogenesis. Recently, the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) increased because of development in diagnostic modality. Several recent reports have documented relationship of VEGF and papillary thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to determine whether angiogenetic phenotype was changed or not changed and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathologic features and VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), hypoxic induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) mRNA expression in PTMC. Methods: VEGF, VEGFR-1, HIF-1α mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR in 14 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy due to PTMC. The thyroid tumor tissue and adjacent normal thyroid tissue were collected in operation and preserved at 70<SUP>o</SUP>C in RNA later solution. We evaluate the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1, HIF-1α mRNA by RT- PCR. The expression of mRNA was quantititated by densitometer and analyzed the relationship between clinicopathologic features and mRNA expression. Results: Compared to normal tissues, in PTMC we observed higher expression of HIF-1α mRNA (P=0.024) and lower expression of VEGF mRNA (P=0.002). There was no difference in expression of VEGFR-1.The patients with nodal metastasis had higher expression of the VEGF mRNA in tumor tissues than those without nodal metastasis but not significantly. The VEGF mRNA of tumor tissues in patients with thyroid capsule invasion or not were expressed similarly. The lower expression of VEGF mRNA were observed more frequently in younger patients (<40). Conclusion: The expression of VEGF mRNA was lower in tumor tissue in spite of higher expression of HIF-1α mRNA. These results suggest that the reason for good prognosis and no progression to clinical cancer in PTMC was related to the unchanged angiogenic phenotype. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2005;5:18-23)
수온 및 절식에 따른 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 근육의 물리화학적 특성 변화
심길보 ( Kil Bo Shim ),이소정 ( So Jeong Lee ),윤호동 ( Ho Dong Yoon ),임치원 ( Chi Won Lim ),신윤경 ( Yun Kyung Shin ),정민환 ( Min Hwan Jeong ),이동길 ( Dong Gil Lee ),박태일 ( Tae Ii Park ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2012 한국수산과학회지 Vol.45 No.5
The effects of low temperature and starvation on the physiochemical characteristics of the muscle of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, were examined. Fish were deprived of feed for 28 days at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 20°C in order to establish suitable conditions for live fish transportation. Throughout most of the 4 weeks of feed restriction, the physiochemical characteristics of the muscle of olive flounder were found to be dependent on the acclimation temperature. The breaking strength of muscle did not show a significant reduction during feed restriction at 2 and 4°C. With increasing temperatures, however, the breaking strength of muscle differed significantly according to the individual and feed restriction period (P<0.05). The moisture content in muscle acclimated at 10, 12, and 20°C increased steadily over the feed-restriction period, while the crude lipid content decreased during the same period (P<0.05). At water temperatures above 2-8°C, no significant differences were shown during the same period. After it reached 6, 8, 10, 12, and 20°C, the muscle had an accumulation of lactate, and a loss of ATP. There was no change in the lactate or ATP content during the feed restriction period at 2 and 4°C, although there were differences among the water temperature groups, These results clearly show that temperature can have an important influence on the of muscle of physiochemical characteristics of muscle during live fish transportation.
Basic Study for Development of Denitrogenation Process by lon Exchange I. Batch Experiment
채용곤,이동환,김장일,윤태경,주창식,이민규,Chae, Yong-Gon,Lee, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Jang-II,Yoon, Tae-Kyung,Ju, Chang-Sik,Lee, Min-Gyu 한국생명과학회 1997 생명과학회지 Vol.7 No.2
시판되고 있는 강염기성 $Cl^{-}$형의 음이온 교환수지를 사용하여 회분식 질산성 질소 제거 실험을 행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수지의 종류에 따라 제거특성은 달랐다. 수지의 량이 많을수록, 계의 온도가 톡을 수록 질산성 질소이 제거효율은 높아졌다. 원수의 농도는 낮을수로그 원수의 공급유속은 느릴수록 질산성 질소의 제거효율이 좋았다. 음이온에 디한 겔형 이온교환수지인 SA 10A의 선택성은 ${SO_4}^{2-}>{No_3}^->NO_{2-}>{HCO_3}^-$로써 이온가 수가 높은 이온일수록 선택성이 증가하고 은 이온가인 경우에는 원자번호가 클수록 그리고 수화반경이 작을수록 선택성이 증가하였다. 증가하였다. Ion exchange performence to remove nitrate in water studied using commercially available strong vase anin exchange resin of $Cl^{-}$ type in the batch reactors. Anion exchange resin was more effective than activated carbon or zeolite. With large resin amount or high temperature or low initial concentration, nitrate removal characteristics for a typical gel-type resin was increased. The curves showed the generally accepted selectivity sequence as ${SO_4}^{2-}>{No_3}^->NO_{2-}>{HCO_3}^-$.