허혈성 심질환에 있어서 아데노신 급속 정맥투여후 관동맥압의 변화에 관한 연구

봉종대,오종용,배성한,신원용,김철현,이광희,최태명,현민수,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Background: Adenosine interacts with A1 receptors present on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells, activating K+channels in a fashion. It produces coronary vasodilatation and AV nodal block. The half-time is one to six second and has ultra-short action. In ischemic heart disease, fractional flow reserve(FFR) can be achieved safely with intravenous adenosine infusions at a rate of 150㎍/kg/min which cause maximal coronary hyperemia. Purpose: We investigated the patients who have had ischemic heart disease(n=8). After adenosine intravenous administration(150㎍/kg/min), the effect cause maximal hyperemia of coronary artery. During peak maximal hyperemia, we reported clinical findings, coronary hemodynamics and electrocardiogram findings. Methods: After diagnostic coronary angiography and left ventriculography, catheter was advanced into the ostium of coronary artery. We investigated coronary hemodynamics such as systolic coronary artery pressure, diastolic coronary artery pressure, mean coronary artery pressure and heart rate. To assess the use of adenosine for determination of fractional flow reserve, hemodynamics and electrocardiogram were measured at basal state and during peak maximal hyperemia. Results: Symptoms developed 1.5-2 minute after adenosine intravenous administration and each symptom disappeared 2-2.5 minute after adenosine administration. Two patients represented asymptomatic appearance and six patients complained of flushing, chest pain, palpitation and headache. In eight patients with ischemic heart disease, 1.5 minute after venous administration of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine, coronary artery pressure decreased and heart rate increased significantly. Conduction abnormalities after administration of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine were transient 2nd degree AV block 2 cases(25%). Conclusions: Adenosine is a potent ultra short-acting vasodilator. Although coronary artery pressure decreased and heart rate increased and mild cardiovascular symptoms occurred after continuous infusion of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine, it is useful as an agent for determination of fractional flow reserve.

광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

Arabidopsis cell death in compatible and incompatible interactions with Alternaria brassicicola

Su’udi, Mukhamad,Kim, Min Gab,Park, Sang-Ryeol,Hwang, Duk-Ju,Bae, Shin-Chul,Ahn, Il-Pyung Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.6

인터넷 패션 쇼핑몰의 마케팅 전략 : 인터넷 패션 쇼핑몰의 사례조사를 중심으로 Focused on the Case Study of Internet Fashion Shopping Malls

신수연,김민정 服飾文化學會 2004 服飾文化硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this paper was to propose the efficient strategies of internet fashion shopping malls to success in the internet shopping mall market growing rapidly. Representative 5 internet fashion shopping malls - Halfclub, Fashionplus, e-Hyundai, Hansol CSCIub and LGeShop - were selected and in-depth interviews were performed to analyze their marketing 4P's strategies. The results of this study are as follows. Five shopping malls' main targets are women in twenties and early thirties. The price strategies are various according to shopping malls' character. In general, there are small amounts of discounts on new products(about 5%) which are sold by department stores. Shopping malls executed delivery of goods by cooperation with distribution companies and direct distribution of subcontract companies. Shopping malls are sending e-mails to the members as a promotion strategy. CRM(Customer Related Management) is partially implemented. Joint purchase and various events are conducted frequently. Shopping malls guarantee exchange and refund services.

Zn-Fe 합금 도금강판의 점용접성에 관한 연구

민준기,신재경,안효영,서수정,서창제 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

Spot welding is widely used in automobile assembly lines. Electroplating of Zn-Fe on steel sheets is increasingly used in assembly lines, because of its good spot weldability, formability and corrosion resistance. In this study, to evaluate spot weldability, tensile shear strength and cross tensile strength of steel sheets electroplated with Zn and Fe up to 0.7mm thickness were investigated, and these mechanical properties were compared with those of steel sheets electroplated with Zn only. The thickness of electroplated steel sheets was measured with SEM. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) In spot welding, the weldability lobe was getting wider and directed toward low currency direction, in steel sheets electroplated with Zn-Fe compared with those electroplated with Zn only. (2) Electrode force and welding time obviously affected the ultimate welding strength, and the range representing constant ultimate welding strength was observed. (3) When Zn-Fe were electroplated on steel sheets, the ductility ratio was increased in optimal welding condition, indicating that good weldability was obtained. (4) Around 8.5KA where optimal strength existed, by spot welding, the amount of the electroplated layer was observed to be reduced by approximately 15% in thickness.

지역사회 거주 저소득층 노인의 우울증상 유병률과 관련인자

신희영,이훈,신일선,김재민,김성완,양수진,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.5

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly. Methods : A community survey of 1,351 low income residents aged 65 or over was conducted in Buk district of Gwangju, Korea. Depressive symptom was evaluated by the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Their Sociodemographic factors, the precence of chronic physical illness, and cognitive functions were investigated. Results : The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 69.8%. In multiple logistic regression, chronic physical illness (Odds Ratio : 2.68, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.98-3.63), low education (Odds Ratio : 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.39-2.43), and cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio : 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.20-2.16) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly were very common, particularly related to current chronic physical illnesses. The results of this study can be useful for the development of community-based prevention and management programs for depression. Of elderleg.

Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet(Nd:YAG)레이저 照射가 弗化錫 局所塗布에 미치는 效果에 關한 實驗的 硏究

민신홍,손동수 大韓小兒齒科學會 1986 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum range of laser energy density at which we may obtain maximum degree of acid resistant activities without damaging the tooth enamel surfaces in the presence of 10% stannous fluoride solution. Beam of CW Nd: YAG laser was irradiated perpendicularly at each 7 different energy levels range from zero to 60 joules/㎠ with an increment of 10 joules/㎠ on the smooth enamel surface of the extracted noncarious human first bicuspid. The author had investigated the tooth surfaces with a Scanning Election Microscope, and at the same time examined the fluoride contents with an Energy Dispersive Analysis for X-ray, and then, examined acid resistant activities with a Spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1) Laser energy density of 30-40 J/㎠ produced the fusion of the enamed surfaces. 2) Laser energy density of 50-60 J/㎠ produced the cracks and porous enamed surfaces. 3) Laser irradiated groups were contained high fluoride contents. The more energy increased, the more fluordie contents increased. 4) Laser energy density of 40 J/㎠ yields the high acid resistant activities. 5) The fluoride contents were increased by laser irradiation.

지역사회 거주 노인에서 장애 변화의 예측인자

신희영,신일선,김재민,김성완,양수진,윤진상 대한신경정신의학회 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives : This study aimed to identify the predictors for change in disability measured by the Korean version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II-K) m community-dwelling elderly population. Methods : Of 1204 community participants aged 65 years or over, 717 were reevaluated by WHODAS II-K 2 years later. At baseline, information on demographic characteristics (age, gender, living area, marital status, and religion), socioeconomic status (education, type of accommodation, number of rooms, previous occupation, current employment, and social network), and clinical characteristics (number of physical illness, depression by the Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3, and cognitive impairment by Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination) were collected. Results : Scores on the WHODAS II-K increased by 17.5 in 2 years. Age (B coefficient 0.52, 95% CI : 0.21~0.84), number of rooms (B coefficient -1.92, 95% CI : -3.53~-0.30), and depression (B coefficient 1.84, 95% CI : 0.43~3.25) were independently significant predictors for change in disability. Conclusion : Change in the level of disability measured by the WHODAS II-K was mainly affected by age, number of rooms, and depression. These results can be useful for the development of community-based health promotion program for the elderly.

국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염의 구제치료로서 Caspofungin의 효과와 안전성

최수미,박선희,이동건,최정현,유진홍,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.5

목적 : 본 연구에서는 국내 혈액질환 환자들에서 일차 항진균제를 부작용으로 인해 투여할 수 없거나, 일차 항진균제에 반응이 없는 침습성 진균 감염증의 구제치료로서 caspofungin의 효과와 이상반응에 대한 임상 경험을 소개하고, 예후인자를 분석해 보았다. 재료 및 방법 : Caspofungin은 첫날 70 mg, 이틀째 부터 50 mg을 하루 일회 투여하였고, caspofungin 종료시 그리고 종료 4주 후 반응을 평가하였다. 결과 : 총 55명의 환자가 분석에 포함되었고, 남자 32명, 여자 23명, 평균 나이는 38.2세(16-65세)였다. 기저 질환은 급성 백혈병 33명, 골수이형성 증후군 12명, 만성 백혈병 3명, 기타 7명이었다. 진균 감염은 확진 1명, 가능 5명, 추정 47명, 불확실 2명이었고, 감염 장소는 폐를 침범한 경우가 49명, 파종감염 6명이었다. 전체적으로 41.8% 환자에서 양호한 반응을 보였으며, 치료군, 치료후 기저질환의 상태, 침습성 진균 감염 진단시 호중구 감소증 여부, 스테로이드 등 면역억제제 사용 여부가 유의한 예후인자였다. 약제관련 이상반응은 14.5%에서 관찰되었고, 발열, 피부 발진, 간기능 저하 등으로 나타났다. 이중 4명에서 이상반응과 관련하여 투약을 중지하였고, 약제 중단 후 증상은 모두 호전되었다. Caspofungin 관련 신독성은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : Caspofungin은 국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염증의 구제치료에 효과적으로 안전하게 사용될 수 있겠다. 최근 여러 항진균제들이 개발되어 임상에 도입되고 있는 바, 항진균 작용 범위, 독성, 약역동학적 특성, 비용-효과면 등을 고려하여 환자별로 직절한 항진균제를 선택하도록 해야 할 것이다. Background : Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy. Patients with IFI who fail to standard therapy have poor prognoses. We investigated the efficacy and safety of caspofungin (CAS) in Korean adults with hematologic diseases and IFI who did not respond to the conventional antifungal therapy. Materials and Methods : Patients with IFI refractory or intolerant to standard antifungal therapy received CAS 50 mg IV daily after 70 mg loading dose on day 1. Efficacy and safety of CAS were assessed in patients who received more than one dose. Favorable response [complete (CR) or partial (PR)] was defined as significant improvement of all clinical symptoms, signs, and radiologic abnormalities. Results : From Feb. 2004 to Feb. 2005, 55 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 32 male and 23 female patients with mean age of 38.2 years (range, 16-65). Underlying diseases were acute leukemia (33 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (12 cases), chronic myelogenous leukemia (3 cases), and other hematologic diseases (7 cases). Thirty-six patients were receiving chemotherapy and 13 patients were under hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The number of proven, probable, possible, and indeterminate IFI cases was 1, 5, 47, and 2, respectively. Conventional amphotericin B, intravenous itraconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B were administered for average of 14.9 days prior to administering CAS. Mean duration of CAS therapy was 12.8 days (range, 1-45). Twenty-three patients (41.8%) showed favorable responses (CR : PR=8 : 15) at the end of CAS therapy. Chemotherapy group, neutropenic state, remitted state of underlying disease, and no steroid therapy were significant prognostic factors for favorable response. Eight (14.5%) patients developed drug-related adverse events such as fever, skin eruption, and hepatic dysfunction which were reversible after discontinuation of CAS. Drug-related nephrotoxicity was not observed. Conclusion : On the basis of our investigation, CAS was effective and safe as a salvage therapy of refractory IFI or as an alternative for patients intolerant to standard antifungal agents.

학교체육과 지역사회체육의 연계실태와 실천방안

강전민,가경환,권창기,윤해철,손수범,변해심,신민철 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

This study was formed the basis of propelling for being closely connecting between School PE(Physical Education) and Local Society Exercise for regarding the cooperation possibility depending on the actual situation. From this, it is helpful for evaluating the total understanding of the present condition form School PE and Local Society Exercise and grasping the realities concretely. To gain the above result, the subject of study is on 48 agencies among 50 agencies that include 30 elementary and middle schools, 15 government offices, 5 YMCA offices. After investigating the plan of providing physical activity program except result PE class and the connecting program with School PE and its activation, it comes to the conclusion below this. There is the period of possible time for propelling the cooperating model at School and Local Society PE which is special activity class after school, club activity class, discretional activity class and the vacation, weekends. And also there are many participating agencies that are school, local society, public sports center and community, the youth group, local autonomous entity PE post, prfessional physical association and community, city and countries Education Office and the sports-lover's group etc. So far, the connecting program is operated at 24 agencies which are 3 elementary school(30%), 5 middle school(50%), 4 high school(40%)m 7 government office(70%), 5 YMCA office(80%). As the reason of non-operating it, the first is the lack of the charger, spare time and considering teacher's advantage when time is arranged at the teacher and leader's part. The second is the falling behind facility and the lack of place and appliance for practicing. The third is the insufficient of connecting program at program part and increasingly number of students who are individual participating at the side of local society physical agency at school. The forth is the lack of finances for running at economy part and overpaying of using fee. The fifth is the lack of the activity time at the elementary school and putting first in importance the exam for university enterance at middle and high school. The sixth is the parents and principals and school committee have little understanding of the physical educating in common at recognition part. The seventh is the cooperating company's preparation is not enough and incomplete relation each other. Looking into the opinion for activating plan of connecting program which is classified into common contents, the result is presented the same reaction both of them that the professional leader arrangement is needed at teacher and leader's part. At the facility expansion and open program part is required for a various program. In the case of school at economy condition part, more cheaper than expenses for facilities is needed and also the renovation of the education system And at the recognition part, the positive attitude of school is needed. At the safety part, the solution of safety problem for responsibility is needed. At the administration part, the support for professional agency and the change of systemic role for connecting agency.