Merging Algorithm for Relaxed Min-Max Heaps Relaxed min-max 힙에 대한 병합 알고리즙

민용식,Min, Yong-Sik The Acoustical Society of Korea 1995 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.14 No.e1

본 논문은 relaxed min-max heap을 병합시키기 위하여 이용된 새로운 자료구조인 개선된 relaxed min-max-pair 힙으로서, 두개의 relaxed min-max 힙 즉, 크기가 n인 relaxed min-max nheap과 크기가 k인 relaxed min-max kheap으로 구성된 우선 순위 큐를 병합시키기 위한 순차적 알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제시된 방법은 [8]에 제시된 방법에서 relaxed min-max 힙을 병합시키기 위해서 이용된 blossomed tree와 lazying 방법을 제거하여도 병합이 되는 새로운 기법을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 본 논문에서 제세된 방법은 두개의 relaxed min-max 힙의 크기가 서로 다른 경우로서, 이때 크기 $k{\leq}{\lfloor}log(size(nheap)){\rfloor}$인 경우, 시간 복잡도가 O(log(log(n/k))*log(k)) 이고 공간복잡도가 O(n+k)임을 볼수가 있다. This paper presents a data structure that implements a mergeable double-ended priority queue ; namely, an improved relaxed min-max-pair heap. It suggests a sequential algorithm to merge priority queues organized in two relaxed min-max heaps : kheap and nheap of sizes k and n, respecrively. This new data sturuture eliminates the blossomed tree and the lazying method used to merge the relaxed min-max heaps in [8]. As a result, the suggested method in this paper requires the time complexity of O(log(log(n/k))*log(k)) and the space complexity of O(n+), assuming that $k{\leq}{\lfloor}log(size(nheap)){\rfloor}$ are in two heaps of different sizes.

Relaxed min-max 힘에 대한 병합 알고리즘

민용식(Yong sik Min) 호서대학교 중앙도서관 1994 호서대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This paper presents a data structure that implements a mergeable double-ended priority queue; namely, an improved relaxed min-max-pair heap. It suggests a sequential algorithm to merge priority queues organized in two relaxed min-max heaps: kheap and nheap of sizes k and n, respectively. This new data structure eliminates the blossomed tree and the lazying method used to merge the relaxed min-max heaps in [8]. As a result, the suggested method in this paper requires the time complexity of O(log(log(n/k))*log(k)) and the space complexity of O(n+k), assuming that k≤[log(size(nheap))] are in two heaps of different sizes.

Relaxed min-max 힙을 병합하는 병렬 알고리즘

민용식(Min Yong Sik) 한국정보처리학회 1998 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.5 No.5

This paper presents a data structure that implements a mergable double-ended priority queue : namely an improved relaxed min-max-pair heap. By means of this new data structure, we suggest a parallel algorithm to merge priority queues organized in two relaxed heaps of different sizes, n and k, respectively. This new data-structure eliminates the blossomed tree and the lazying method used to merge the relaxed min-max heaps in [9]. As a result, employing max(2^i-1,[(m 1/4)]) processors, this algorithm requires O(log(log(n/k))?log(k)) time. Also, on the MarPar machine, this method achieves a 35.205-fold speedup with 64 processors to merge 8 million data items which consist of two relaxed min-max heaps of different sizes.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 배 퓌레 열수처리 조건 최적화

박민경(Min Kyeong Park),조용식(Yong Sik Cho),장현욱(Hyun Wook Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.11

본 연구는 열수처리 온도(50, 70, 90°C) 및 열수처리 시간(15, 30, 45분)을 달리하여 배 퓌레를 제조한 후 품질특성을 분석하여 반응표면분석법을 통해 최적의 열수처리 조건을 구하고자 하였고, 중심합성계획법에 따라 총 9가지의 실험점에서 진행하였다. 열수처리 온도 및 시간을 독립변수로 정하고, 품질특성에 관련된 적색도, ΔE값, 일반세균, 대장균군, polyphenol oxidase 활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 종속변수로 설정하였다. 독립변수가 종속변수에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한 결과, 적색도와 갈변을 나타내는 ΔE값은 각각 -0.38~1.20, 0.97~11.88의 범위로 측정되었고, 반응식의 R2은 각각 0.9754, 0.9818이었다. 일반세균 및 대장균군의 생균수는 각각 0.00~4.91 log CFU/mL, 0.00~4.03 log CFU/mL의 범위였고, 반응식의 R²은 0.9849, 0.9714였다. 갈변의 원인이 되는 polyphenol oxidase 활성은 122.57~235.13 unit 범위였으며, 반응식의 R²은 0.8616의 값을 보였다. 배 퓌레의 유효성분으로 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 19.33~24.54 GAE mg/100 g, 4.56~5.78 GAE mg/100 g 범위였으며, 이때 반응식의 R²은 각각 0.9181, 0.9097을 나타내었다. 이를 바탕으로 contour map을 superimposing 하여 최적 열수처리 조건을 설정한 결과, 최적화된 열수처리 조건의 온도범위는 69.3~80.4°C, 시간 범위는 16.8~25.8분으로 나타났으며, 최적점은 74.6°C, 20.7분으로 나타났다. 이에 대해 모델의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 예측값과 실험값을 비교한 결과, 각 반응변수의 실험값은 모두 예측값의 95% 신뢰구간 및 예측구간 범위에 들어와 모델의 적합성을 확인하였다. This study analyzed the quality characteristics of pear puree by varying the hydrothermal treatment temperature (50, 70, and 90°C) and time (15, 30, and 45 min) and sought to determine the optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions through the response surface methodology. A total of nine experimental points were studied according to the central composite design. The temperature and time were set as independent variables, and the redness, ΔE value, aerobic bacteria, coliform group, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) related to the quality characteristics were set as dependent variables. The redness and the ΔE value were measured as −0.38∼1.20 and 0.97∼11.88, respectively, and the R² value was 0.9754 and 0.9818, respectively. The R2 value of viable cell counts were 0.9849 and 0.9714 in the aerobic bacteria and coliform groups. The PPO activity was 122.57∼235.13 g/min, and the R² value was 0.8616. The TPC and TFC as active ingredients of pear puree were in the range of 19.33∼24.54 and 4.56∼5.78 GAE mg/100 g, respectively, and the R² values were 0.9181 and 0.9097, respectively. Based on this, the contour map was superimposed to set the optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The optimum points derived were 74.6°C and 20.7 min. When the predicted and the experimental values were compared to verify the reliability of the model, all the experimental values of each of the response variables were within the 95% confidence and prediction intervals, confirming the suitability of the model.

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

노인환자에서 척추마취시 Benzodiazepine 계 약물의 효과

조남수,김용일,유병식,정종달,임경준,김민출 대한마취과학회 1993 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.26 No.2

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as the changes of eardiopulmonary function during sedation under the spinal anesthesia in elderly patients. The results were as follows; 1) Cardiovascular effect. At the conclusion after diazepam 0.05 mg/kg(Group D) or midazolam 0.02 mg/kg(Group M) injection, systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased(P$lt;0.05) in the both group from 3 min to 30 min, but maintained within normal range. However, it is not significant difference that each group. 2) Respiratory effect. SaO decreased significantly at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam injection but there was not significant difference from change in D-group. Respiratory rate, pH and PaCO₂ were not significantly changed between D-group and M-group. However, PaO₂ was significantly decreased(p$lt;0.05) within normal range at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam IV and significant difference between both groups. From the above results, We have concluded that IV administrationf small dose of diazepam or midaaolam during spinal anesthesia had a little changed in cardiopulmonary function. However, sedative effect was efficient.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

제지용 도공안료의 표면개질에 의한 도공지 물성과 인쇄적성에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

민동진,이희명,조준형,이용규,김용식 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

도공지의 품질향상을 위하여 도공용 무기안료의 제법개선, 도공액 특성 변화, 도공안료의 설계, 도공지 제조의 조업성 등 다양한 측면에서의 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 표면개질한 도공안료와 혼합처리한 도공안료를 용하여 도공지의 물성 및 인쇄적성을 비교하였다. 도공액 배합 시도공액의 유동특성과 인쇄특성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 인자들을 일정하게 고정하였고 도공안료의 표면개질 유무에 따른 인쇄특성 변화를 조사하였다. 도공지의 표면은 SEM으로 측정하여 표면개질 효율을 조사하였다. 도공액의 물성뿐만 아니라 도공지의 물성 및 인쇄적성에 대한 비교ㆍ평가를 실시하였다. 또한 배합조건을 달리하여 인쇄적성의 효율성을 평가하였다. To improve the quality of coating paper, many areas, such as the manufacturing process of inorganic pigment for the coating, the property change of coating color. the surface design of coating pigment and the productivity of coated paper, were studied. In this study the physical properties and printability of coated paper were compared with the coating pigment to modify the surface of large particle and the coating pigment to mix together the large and small particles. After the coating color was mixed under the same conditions in order that the coating color has the same rheological property printability, the printability change caused by the surface modification of coating color was investigated. With the surface SEM of coated paper. the efficiency of the surface modification of coating pigment was investigated. The physical property and printability of coating paper, in addition to the physical properties of coating color. were compared and evaluated. Also. the efficiency of printability was evaluated, changing the mixing condition

와이어 매시 레인포스트 시멘트에 관한 硏究

閔丙亨,朴雲龍,金勇熙,鄭昌植 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1985 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.2

This study has been performed on the selective method of materials for MRC and the various mechanical tests through the testing manufacture of MRC pontoon. And we have attempted the enlargement of use by it's merits.