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Improvement of Pre-Annealed Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Absorbers for High Efficiency
Youn, Sung-Min,Kim, Jin-Hyeok,Jeong, Chaehwan American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5
<P>We used a DC-sputtering method to deposit the precursor (Cu3Ga/In) onto Mo with 1 um thick/sodalime glass (SLG). We moved it onto a graphite crucible for the pre-annealing process, and the pressure of the process tube was about 10 torr without Ar gas flow. The crucible in quartz tube was heated by halogen lamp to 250 degrees C for 30 min, and then raised to 550 degrees C for 10 min under a selenium atmosphere. To complete the solar cells, a buffer layer of 50 nm CdS was then deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD), followed by a double layer (high resistivity/low resistivity) of RF sputtered i-ZnO/Al-ZnO thin films. The Al front contacts were deposited by thermal evaporator.</P>
신장 ; 복막 투석 환자에서 복막염의 원인균 동정에 이용되는 두 가지 배양방법의 비교
안성민 ( Sung Min Ahn ),정민영 ( Min Young Jung ),최혁수 ( Hyeok Soo Choi ),최보윤 ( Bo Youn Choi ),김수선 ( Su Sun Kim ),서승인 ( Seung In Seo ),김민강 ( Min Gang Kim ),김수진 ( Soo Jin Kim ),오지은 ( Ji Eun Oh ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.81 No.4
목적: 복막염은 복막투석환자의 사망률과 유병률에 주요한 합병증으로 알려져 복막염의 원인균을 빨리 동정하는 것은 복막염의 치료에 있어 매우 중요한 일이다. 저자들은 복막염으로 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 복막액에 대해 재래적배양 방법과 혈액배양 방법을 모두 시행하여 원인균 동정양성률과 원인균 동정에 걸리는 시간을 측정하여 효율성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 9월부터 2010년 2월까지 한림대학교 강동성심병원에서 복막 투석을 시행 받은 34명의 환자를 대상으로 총 38건의 복막염 발생 건수를 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 모든 환자에게서 복막액을 재래적 배양 방법과 혈액배양 방법 모두 시행하였다. 재래적 배양 방법으로, 50 mL의 복막액을 3,000 g에서 15분간 원침하여 침사액을 혈액한천배지, MacConkey 배지 및 thioglycollate 액체배지에 배양하였다. 다른 방법인 혈액배양 방법으로, 10 mL의 복막액을 산소성과 무산소성 혈액배양용 배지(BACTEC)에 배양하여 원인균을 각각 동정하였다. 각각의 배양 방법으로 원인균 동정률과 원인균 동정에 걸리는 시간을 비교하여 효율성을 평가 하였다. 결과: 복막염의 원인균 동정 양성률은 혈액배양 방법이 재래적 배양 방법보다 더 높게 측정되었으며(86.8% vs. 57.9%, p=0.003), 원인균 동정 음성률은 혈액배양 방법이 재래적배양 방법보다 낮게 측정되었다(13.2% vs. 42.1%, p=0.003). 원인균이 동정된 그룹에서 균이 동정되는 시간은 혈액배양방법에서 재래적 배양 방법보다 짧게 측정되었다(90시간 vs. 109시간, p=0.03). 결론: 복막투석 환자에서 복막염의 원인균 동정에 있어혈액배양 방법이 재래적 배양 방법에 비해 원인균 동정 양성률과 동정된 시간을 비교한 결과 더 우위에 있어 효율적 이라고 볼 수 있겠다. Background/Aims: Peritonitis is the most frequent complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Prompt recognition and treatment of peritonitis is important. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of isolation of the microorganisms causing CAPD peritonitis by the BACTEC blood culture and conventional methods. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 38 episodes of peritonitis in 34 CAPD patients between September 2007 and February 2010. Two methods of processing dialysate from patients on CAPD were used. Blood culture was performed using two 10-mL effluents, which were inoculated into a pair of BACTEC culture bottles. The conventional method was performed using 50 mL of centrifuged dialysate. The sedimented dialysate was inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates or into thioglycollate broth. To evaluate effectiveness, we compared the rate of positive culture results and the time to identify the causative organism of the two culture methods. Results: Use of the BACTEC bottle method resulted in more positive culture results than did conventional culture (86.8 vs. 57.9% p=0.003). The time taken to identify the causative organism from culture-positive peritonitis was more rapid using the blood culture compared with the conventional culture method (90 vs. 109 hr, p=0.03). Conclusions: Blood culture using the BACTEC bottle is more effective than the conventional culture technique for detection of causative microorganisms in CAPD peritonitis. (Korean J Med 2011;81:470-477)
Jun-Hyeok Seo,Hye-Won Yang,So-Young Joo,Su-Min Song,Yu-Ran Lee,Jae-Sook Ryu,Eun Sang Yoo,Won Kee Lee,Hyun-Hee Kong,Sang-Eun Lee,Won-Ja Lee,Youn-Kyoung Goo,Dong-Il Chung,Yeonchul Hong 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.5
Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.