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Enhanced luminescence of Cu-In-S nanocrystals by surface modification.
Kim, Young-Kuk,Cho, Young-Sang,Chung, Kookchae,Choi, Chul-Jin,Shin, Pyung-Woo American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.4
<P>We have synthesized highly luminescent Cu-In-S nanocrystals by heating the mixture of metal carboxylates and alkylthiol under inert atmosphere. We modified the surface of CIS nanocrystals with zinc carboxylate and subsequent injection of alkylthiol. As a result of the surface modification, highly luminescent CIS@ZnS core/shell nanocrystals were synthesized. The luminescence quantum yield (QY) of best CIS@ZnS nanocrystals was above 50%, which is more than 10 times higher than the initial QY of CIS nanocrystals before surface modification (QY = 3%). Detailed study on the luminescence mechanism implies that etching of the surface of nanocrystals by dissociated carboxylate group (CH3COO-) and formation of epitaxial shell by Zn with sulfur from alkylthiol efficiently removed the surface defects which are major non-radiative recombination sites in semiconductor nanocrystals. In this study, we developed a novel surface modification route for monodispersed highly luminescent Cu-In-S nanocrystals with less toxic and highly stable precursors.</P>
Lee, Jeong-Gwan,Choi, Young-Cheol,Lee, Do-Kyung,Ahn, Kwang-Soon,Kim, Jae Hong American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.4
<P>Nanostructured ZnO photoelectrodes were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates that were spin-coated with a sol-gel based ZnO seed layer via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at varying times of 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. Then, TiO2 nanoparticulate electrodes were prepared on ZnO nanorods using the doctor blade technique. The uniformly grown ZnO nanorod layer had a length of approximately 710 nm on the FTO glass substrate with wurtzite structures which was confirmed through X-ray diffraction patterns. The length and diameter of the ZnO nanorods increased with an increase in the deposition time. The DSSCs fabricated with TiO2 nanoparticulate/grown ZnO nanorods and grown for 8 h showed the maximum efficiency (5.51%) with a short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 12.21 mA/cm2 and an open circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.70 at 100 mW/cm2 light intensity.</P>
Nano-scale SiO2 patterned n-type GaN substrate for 380 nm ultra violet light emitting diodes.
Jo, Min Sung,Seo, Hyo Won,Tawfik, Wael Z,Yang, Seung Bea,Lee, Jung Ju,Ryu, Sang Wan,Ha, Jun Seok,Jeon, Seong Ran,Cui, Hao,Park, Si Hyun,Lee, June Key American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.8
<P>380 nm Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on patterned n-type GaN substrate (PNS). Wet etched self-assembled indium tin oxide (ITO) nano clusters serves as dry etching mask for converting the SiO2 layer grown on n-GaN template into SiO2 nano dots by inductively coupled plasma etching. In the pre-experiment, crystal quality and optical properties of n-GaN were greatly improved by applying PNS process. In this work, etch-pits density (EPD) method confirmed that PNS with SiO2 nano dots have superior crystalline properties. Thus Reference LED without PNS, 1-step PNS LEDs with SiO2 nano dots size were 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm and 300 nm 2-step PNS LED were fabricated. LEDs show almost the same operating voltage of about 3.4 V at an injection current of 50 mA. Light intensity was enhanced by ~2.1 times and 3.2 times for 300 nm 1-step and 300 nm 2-step PNS, respectively. FDTD simulation results show a similar tendency. As a result, PNS promotes epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) for defect reduction as well as act as a light scattering point.</P>
Improved chemical stability and conductivity of barium cerate nanopowders by Lanthanum doping.
Lee, Hunhyeong,Park, Inyu,Shin, Dongwook American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.9
<P>Despite of the highest proton conductivity, barium cerate electrolytes are well known for the deficiency of chemical stability at elevated temperature under CO2 atmosphere. This work is focused on improving chemical stability of lanthanum doped barium cerate (BCL) powder for electrolyte. Although lanthanum doping causes distortion of perovskite structure lattice, immoderate doping could stabilize structure due to increasing symmetry of structure lattices. The thermogravimetric analysis and AC impedance measurements revealed that the lanthanum doping suppresses the reaction between barium and carbonate and this effect results in sufficient improvement in ionic conductivity in operating temperatures range. It was confirmed that BaCe0.7La0.3O3-delta (BCL30) was the most stable composition and the conductivity of BCL30 is high as 3.8 S x cm(-1) x K at 700 degrees C.</P>
Lim, Eunhee,Lee, Kyeong K,Lee, Sungkoo American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.4
<P>An electron-transporting triazole (Tz) unit was introduced into the fluorene-thiophene-based copolymer backbone via a Suzuki coupling reaction. The resulting copolymer, poly[9,9'-dioctyl-fluorene-co-5, 5-(4', 7'-di-2-thienyl-2', 1',3'-benzothiadiazole)-co-(4-(4-butyl-phenyl)-3, 5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4]triazole)] (PF3TBTz), was soluble in common organic solvents and can be easily used as the active layer in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). By the introduction of the triazole unit, the OPV performance was nearly doubled from 0.62% (PF3TB) to 1.25% (PF3TBTz) under the same conditions. The higher performance can be explained by the improved surface morphology, resulting in better charge photogeneration and higher short circuit current (J(sc)) value in PF3TBTz in comparison with PF3TB. The possibility of the use of triazole units in OPV applications are described herein.</P>
Light assisted room temperature ethanol gas sensing of ZnO-ZnS nanowires.
Park, Sunghoon,Kim, Soohyun,Ko, Hyunsung,Lee, Chongmu American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.12
<P>ZnO-core/ZnS-shell nanowires were synthesized by the thermal evaporation of a mixture of ZnO and graphite powders followed by the thermal evaporation of ZnS powders. Multiple networked nanowire gas sensors were then fabricated using the core-shell nanowires. The morphology, crystal structure and sensing properties of the ZnO-core/ZnS-shell nanowires to C2H5OH gas at room temperature under ultraviolet (UV) illumination were examined. The responses of the ZnO-core/ZnS-shell nanowires to C2H5OH gas were 1.2-2.1 times higher than those of the ZnO nanowires at C2H5OH concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 ppm under UV illumination. On the other hand, the resistance of the ZnO nanowires in the dark at room temperature was too high to measure. The underlying mechanism for the enhanced gas sensing properties of the ZnO-core/ZnS-shell nanowires toward C2H5OH gas is discussed.</P>
Reactions of Ni-B on printed Ag pattern by using nearly neutral electroless bath.
Rha, Sa-Kyun,Kim, Hyung Chul,Lee, Youn-Seoung American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.11
<P>In this study, we investigated the characteristics of a nearly neutral Ni source solution including dimethylamine borane (DMAB) used to develop the metal PCB (printed circuit board) of high power LED (light-emitting diode) package. In accordance with the bath temperature ranging from 50 degrees C to 75 degrees C, an electroless Ni-B plating on a screen-printed Ag pattern with an anodized Al substrate was carried out. The depositon rate of the electroless plated Ni-B film at bath temperature ranging from 50 degrees C to 75 degrees C was estimated by measurements of the thickness and the mass. The deposition rates by change of thickness and mass of the electroless plated Ni-B film at 50 degrees C were - 58 nm/min and 0.113 mg/min respectively. The activation energy obtained from slope of Arrhenius plot using these deposition rates was - 59 kJ/mol. Finally, selectively the film growth was achieved at all plating temperatures, without a damage of anodized Al substrate.</P>
Hwang, Yun-Hwa,Prabakar, S J Richard,Pyo, Myoungho American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.8
<P>Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) was utilized as a conductive additive to enhance the capacity and rate capability of carbon coated LiFePO4 (C-LFP). Composites of C-LFP with MWNT (C-LFP-MWNT) were prepared by blending MWNT at different stages of C-LFP synthesis. The pre-blending (PrB) of MWNT (5, 10, 15 wt%) with LFP precursor (PrB-C-LFP-MWNT) before calcination in a reducing environment (5 vol% H2 in N2) at 750 degrees C, produced phase pure crystalline LFP with a reduction in particle size as increase in MWNT content. This was contrasted with post-blending (PoB) of MWNT with as-synthesized C-LFP (PoB-C-LFP-MWNT), which gave inferior electrochemical performances. The PrB-C-LFP-MWNT (10 wt%) composite showed better cycle stability, higher rate capability, and faster Li diffusion characteristics than PoB-C-LFP-MWNT.</P>