리네졸리드와 반코마이신을 교대로 투여하여 치료한 지속성 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균 균혈증 1예

김낙현,김문석,장은선,강유민,김가연,장희창,박완범,김의종,김남중,오명돈 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.6

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is frequently defined as bacteremia persisting for ≥7 days despite proper antibiotic therapy. Its treatment includes removal of all infection foci and proper antibiotic therapy. Vancomycin remains the antibiotic of choice in MRSA bacteremia. Alternative agents, linezolid or daptomycin, are available, but a consensus regarding management of persistent MRSA bacteremia on vancomycin failure is still lacking. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who received thoracoabdominal aorta replacement operation due to dissecting aneurysm of the ascending and descending aorta. Surgical site infection and bacteremia caused by MRSA occured, and wound debridement operations were performed. The patient was treated with vancomycin in therapeutic doses but MRSA bacteremia persisted for 168 days in a row. Although the inserted aortic graft was the most probable source of persistent bacteremia, surgical removal was impossible. Linezolid was administered as an alternative antibiotic but had to be discontinued from time to time due to thrombocytopenia induced by this agent. In the end, MRSA bacteremia was successfully managed by alternating vancomycin-linezolid therapy.

이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 톨루엔의 처리 특성

전의찬,송민종,김전희 동신대학교 환경연구소 2000 환경연구 Vol.5 No.1

각종 급ㆍ만성의 건강장해를 일으킬 뿐만 아니라, 광화학 반응에 의해 오존을 형성하는 것으로 알려진 휘발성유기화합물 중 대표적인 물질인 톨루엔을 광촉매산화법으로 처리할 경우 최적 처리조건을 분석하고자 광촉매의 결정구조, 광원의 세기, 전자수용체로서 산소의 유무 등에 따른 톨루엔의 처리효율을 분석하였다. 실험결과 루틸령 결정구조에 비해 아나타제형 결정구조를 갖는 이산화티타늄의 톨루엔 처리효율이 높게 나타났으며, 광원의 세기가 높을수록 전자수용체로서 산소가 존재할 경우 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다. 시간과 공간적인 제약으로 물, 오존 그리고 증기와 같은 다양한 전자수용체가 존재할 경우의 톨루엔의 처리효율을 파악하지 못하였으며, 온도, 습도 및 촉매활성에 영향을 주는 여러 가지 인자들을 대상으로 그것들의 변화에 따른 처리효율의 고찰을 못하였다. 앞으로 보다 효율적인 이산화티타늄계 광촉매의 제조방법 개발과 이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 다양한 VOC 처리방법의 개발이 요구된다. An available methods for abating VOC(including Toluene) are thermal or catalytic incineration, liquid absorption, solid adsorption, condensing, membranes, biodegradation and plasma discharge, but a number of defects are these VOC abating methods, including ; requires a auxiliary fuel, generate secondary pollutants(waste catalysts, waste absorbents, waste adsorbents, ozone, etc.), a large scale, etc.. But photoactive catalysts, when illuminated with UV-light, generate highly reactive radicals that can oxidize the organic contaminants in gas. One methods to increase the efficiency of the process, and thereby reduce the light energy requirement, is by developing more active catalysts. Because of, ball type TiO2 catalyst were obtained commercially and/or prepared in laboratory were examined for their photoacivity, and they are TiO2 added some annex(Al203, SiO2, KsO, P205, etc.). The organic compounds used to identify the best photocatalysis condition were toluene. This study also examined the impact of catalyst structure, light intensity, existence of oxygen as an electron acceptor and Toluene initial concentration on the reaction kinetics. Labratory experiments were performed to investigate TiO2 photocataysis for treating test gas contaminated with Toluene. and TiO2 photocatalysis efficiency for mineralization of Toluene is also evaluated. The photooxidation of Toluene was carried out in a photocatalytic reactor at room temperature. I performed Toluene photocatalytic oxidation experiments using a single-pass annular reactor. The organic-contaminated gas was prepared in teflon sampling bag(25L) and passing through photocatalytic reactor by vacuum pump which is located reactor outlet. The Toluene diluted with mixture air or nitrogen gas. Flow rates for test gas stream were controlled by micro flow meter going out the reactor. The reactor illuminated with 15W near-UV lamp, BLB lamp or Fluorescent lamp. The light intensity at the catalyst surface were estimated to be 0.8 to 6㎽ ㎝-2s-1. The inner cell of the reactor was packed with ball type titanium dioxide(φ 6㎜). Toluene was determined by GC-FID of gas samples taken from the a glass sampling bulb which was located at reactor outlet by gas-tight syringe. TiO2 photocataysis for treating test gas contaminated with Toluene. and TiO2 photocatalysis efficiency for mineralization of Toluene is also evaluated. Using the anatase type photocatalyst, Touene conversion rate is greater than that of rutile(86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene using anatase type photocatalyst, 78% conversion of 100ppmv Touene using rutile type photocatalyst at 0.5L/min) Effect of light intensity on the rate of Toluene photocatalytic decomposition was investigated by three type lamps within the reactor. When light intensity to increase, the Toluene conversion rate to increase. Using the BLB lamp showed higher activity than the Fluorescent lamp, but UV lamp showed the hight photocatalytic activity(19.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with Fluorescent lamp, 60.4% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with BLB lamp, 86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with UV lamp at 0.5L/min). Experiments with added oxygen as an electron acceptor improved the reaction rate considerably(86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene without oxygen, 62.5% conversion of same Toluene concentration with mixture air at 0.5L/min).

이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 벤젠의 처리 특성

전의찬,송민종,김전희 동신대학교 환경연구소 1999 환경연구 Vol.4 No.1

An available methods for abating VOC(including Benzene) are thermal or catalytic incineration, liquid absorption, solid adsorption, condensing, membranes, biodegradation and plasma discharge, but a number of defects are these VOC abating methods, including ; requires a auxiliary fuel, generate secondary pollutants(waste catalysts, waste absorbents, waste adsorbents, ozone, etc.), a large scale, etc.. But photoactive catalysts, when illuminated with UV-light, generate highly reactive radicals that can oxidize the organic contaminants in gas. One methods to increase the efficiency of the process, and thereby reduce the light energy requirement, is by developing more active catalysts. Because of, ball type TiO₂ catalyst were obtained commercially and/or prepared in laboratory were examined for their photoacivity, and they are TiO₂ added some annex(Al₂O₃, SiO₂, KsO, P₂O_(5), etc.). The organic compounds used to identify the best photo catalysis condition were benzene. This study also examined the impact of catalyst structure, light intensity, existence of oxygen as an electron acceptor and Benzene initial concentration on the reaction kinetics. Labratory experiments were performed to investigate TiO₂ photo catalysis for treating test gas contaminated with Benzene. and TiO₂ photo catalysis efficiency for mineralization of Benzene is also evaluated. The photo oxidation of Benzene was carried out in a photo catalytic reactor at room temperature. I performed BTX photo catalytic oxidation experiments using a single-pass annular reactor. The organic-contaminated gas was prepared in Teflon sampling bag(25L) and passing through photo catalytic reactor by vacuum pump which is located reactor outlet. The BTX diluted with mixture air or nitrogen gas. Flow rates for test gas stream were controlled by micro flow meter going out the reactor. The reactor illuminated with 15W near-UV lamp, BLB lamp or Fluorescent lamp. The light intensity at the catalyst surface were estimated to be 0.8 to 6mW cm-2s-1. The inner cell of the reactor was packed with ball type titanium dioxide(Ø 6mm). Benzene was determined by GC-FID of gas samples taken from the a glass sampling bulb which was located at reactor outlet by gas-tight syringe. TiO₂ photo catalysis for treating test gas contaminated with Benzene. and TiO₂ photo catalysis efficiency for mineralization of Benzene is also evaluated. Using the anatase type photo catalyst, Benzene conversion rate is greater than that of rutile(92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene using anatase type photo catalyst, 80% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene using rutile type photo catalyst at 0.5L/min) Effect of light intensity on the rate of Benzene photo catalytic decomposition was investigated by three type lamps within the reactor. When light intensity to increase, the Benzene conversion rate to increase. Using the BLB lamp showed higher activity than the Fluorescent lamp, but UV lamp showed the hight photo catalytic activity(26% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with Fluorescent lamp, 63.5% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with BLB lamp, 92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with UV lamp at 0.5L/min). Experiments with added oxygen as an electron acceptor improved the reaction rate considerably(92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene without oxygen, 66.1% conversion of same Benzene concentration with mixture air at 0.5L/min). The Benzene conversion rate begins to decrease while Benzene initial concentration begins to increase. We have thus concentrated our effects on the study of Benzene degradation kinetics in vary initial Benzene concentration.

열 압착을 이용한 가식성 젤라틴 필름 제조

김의현(Eui Hyun Kim),송아영(Ah Young Song),민세철(Sea Cheol Min) 한국식품과학회 2022 한국식품과학회지 Vol.54 No.2

본 연구에서는 열 압착 공정을 이용하여 생고분자 가식성 FG 필름과 MG 필름을 제작하였고, 제조 공정 차이에 따른 필름의 형성, 표면 미세구조, 그리고 빛 투과도를 비교하기 위해 캐스팅 방법을 이용해서도 FG 필름을 제작하였다. 열 압착을 이용하여 FG와 MG로부터 연속적이고, 균일하며, 투명하고, 그리고 매끄러운 표면을 가진 필름을 제작할 수 있었다. 열 압착된 FG 필름은 열 압착된 MG 필름보다 빛 투과도와 인장 강도가 낮았으나, 육안 관찰 및 현미경을 이용한 표면 미세구조를 관찰 시 큰 차이를 확인할 수 없었으며, 수분 투과도와 필름의 명도 및 붉은 정도에서도 유의적인 차이가 보이지 않았다. 또한, 열 압착된 FG 필름이 캐스팅된 FG 필름보다 육안으로 보았을 때 더욱 투명하고 균일한 표면을 가진 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 투명도도 캐스팅된 FG 필름보다 높음을 알 수 있었다. 열 압착된 FG 필름이 캐스팅된 FG 필름보다 낮은 인장 강도와 높은 수분 차단 능력을 갖췄다. 열 압착된 FG 필름은 캐스팅된 FG 필름과 색도의 차이가 있었고, 캐스팅된 FG 필름보다 매끄럽고 균일한 표면 미세구조를 가진 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 열 압착 공정을 사용하는 산업적 생고분자 생산 시스템을 사용하여 우수한 수분 차단 능력을 갖춘 가식성 필름을 MG과 생선껍질로부터 얻어지는 FG을 이용해 제작할 수 있음을 보여주었다. In this study, edible films made of fish and mammalian gelatins were produced using heat pressing, and their physical properties were investigated. Transparent and smooth films were formed continuously and uniformly using a mixture of fish skin gelatin (FG) or mammalian gelatin (MG), glycerol, and water under the process of heat pressing at 90℃ and 20 MPa for 5 min. Heat-pressed FG films possessed lower light transmittance and tensile strength than heat-pressed MG films; however, their appearance, surface morphology, water vapor permeability, lightness, and redness were not different from those of heat-pressed MG films. Although heat-pressed FG films had lower tensile strength, they had a flatter and more uniform surfaces and demonstrated higher transparency and moisture barrier properties compared to the casted FG films. These results demonstrate the potential utility of heat pressing for the large-scale production of edible films using both FG and MG.

7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

일측성 질폐쇄 및 동측 신장 무발생을 동반한 중복자궁 2예

윤일영,여소진,김형문,김정식,김태희,이해혁,남계현,이권해,김준모,김민의 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis usually presents after menarch with progressive abdominal pain during menses secondary to hematocolpos, and indeed a very rare congenital anomaly due to Mullerian duct malformation. An accurate and prompt diagnosis is of importance to permit treatment and to assure the future fertility of the patient. Pelvic ultrasound, physical examination and pelvic MRI established a diagnosis of hematometracolpos secondary to uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate hemivagina. An incision in the vaginal septum allowed drainage of the hematocolpos, providing relief of the patients symptoms. We report two case of uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina with brief review of the literature.

금불초 꽃 추출물의 항균 및 항산화 활성

김은희 ( Eun Hee Kim ),김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),김규희 ( Kyu Hee Kim ),나의연 ( Eui Yeon Na ),이상기 ( Sang Ki Lee ),정현민 ( Hyun Min Jeong ),이현준 ( Hyun Jun Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2009 대한화장품학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구에서는 금불초 꽃 추출물의 피부 상재균에 대한 항균작용과 항산화, tyroinase 저해 효과에 관한 조사를 수행하였다. 피부 상재균에 대한 항균활성 측정결과, P. acnes에 대한 ethyl acetate 분획의 MIC는 0.25 %로 나타났으며, methyl paraben과 비슷한 활성을 나타냈고 quercetin보다는 큰 항균활성을 나타내었다. 추출물의 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(FSC₅₀)은 ethyl acetate 분획에서 8.55 μg/mL로 측정되었다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 금불초 꽃 추출물의 총 항산화능은 ethyl acetate 분획 0.24 μg/mL로, 50 % EtOH extract와 aglycone 분획 보다 ethyl acetate 분획에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 금불초 꽃 추출물에 대하여 rose-bengal로 증감된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈에 대한 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 금불초 꽃 추출물의 경우 5 ~ 100 μg/mL의 농도에서 광용혈을 억제하였다. 특히 당을 제거시킨 플라보노이드 aglycone 분획은 25 μg/mL 농도에서 τ₅₀이 164.15 min으로 매우 큰 세포보호 효과를 나타내었다. 미백 효과측정으로는 각각 tyrosinase의 활성 저해 효과를 측정하였다. Tyrosinase의 활성 저해 효과 (IC₅₀)는 ethyl acetate 분획에서 87.03 μg/mL 로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 금불초 꽃 추출물이 ¹O₂ 혹은 다른 ROS를 소광시키거나 소거함으로써 그리고 ROS에 대항하여 세포막을 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 항산화제로서 작용할 수 있음을 가리키며, 금불초 꽃 성분 분석, ethyl acetate 분획의 tyrosinase 저해활성 그리고 피부 상재균에 대한 항균작용으로부터 항산화, 항노화 및 항균성 화장품 소재로서의 응용 가능성을 확인하였다. In this study, the antibacterial activity, antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of Inula britannica flower extracts were investigated. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Inula britannica flower on P. acnes 0.25 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the P. acnes. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of ethyl acetate fraction of Inula britannica flower was 8.55 μg/mL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of some fInula britannica flower extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺- EDTA/H₂O₂ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were ethyl acetate fraction 0.24 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Inula britannica flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (5 ∼ 100 μg/mL), particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect (τ₅₀, 164.15 min at 25 μg/mL). The inhibitory effect of Inula britannica flower extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects (IC₅₀) on tyrosinase of some Inula britannica flower extracts were high. Ethyl acetate fraction has IC₅₀ of 87.03 μg/mL. These results indicate that extract/ fractions of Inula britannica flower can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ¹O₂ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the ethyl acetate fraction and high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging, antibacterial activity.

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

인코넬 합금과 스테인레스 강의 마찰용접 특성 연구

김의환,민택기 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.2

In this study, the friction weldability and properties of inconel alloy(IN738LC) to stainless steel(STS304) was investigat-ed. Upset length increased according to increment of friction pressure and time. The tensile strength of the friction weld-ing reached 85% of the STS304 base metal strength under the conditions of 8sec friction time, 50MPa friction pressure and 150MPa upset pressure. From the result of fracture surface analysis, IN738LC section can be joined with STS304 materials in shape of a convex lens. Also, the temperature of welded interface was measured with k-type thermocouple. Finally the plastic flow confirmed at the welded interface STS304 by micro test.

위선암에서 p53과 P-glycoprotein의 분포에 관한 연구

김대중,김의한,강상균,양승하,민병철 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.1

Gastric adenocarcinoma express many oncogenes, such as p53, c-erbB, k-sam, etc. The p53 especially acts as tumor suppressor in normal tissue and various mutational changes. of p53 are known as doing important role in carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. P-glycoprotein, as a pleotrophic membrane transport protein, shows specific distribution in many normal tissues and malignant tumors. This protein, produced by MDR gene, shows multidrug resistance to anticancer drug by pumping out intracellular drug. resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutics. The expression of p53 and P-glycoprotein according to clincopathologic findings in gastric adenocarcinoma has been studied, even though their results are controversial. To observe the relationship between both antigens and clinicopathologic findings of gastric adenocarcinoma. we were analysesed 40 cases gastric adenocarcinoma then processed for immunohistochemical stain by SLAB method using p53 and JSB-1 monoclonal antibodies. The results were as followings: 1) The p53 and P-glycoprotein showed positive in 20 cases(50%) and 21 cases(52.5%) of 40 cases respectively, and 10 cases(25%) showed positive reaction to both antigens. 2) p53 revealed higher positive rate in intestinal type(54.6%), differentiated form(57.1%), advanced form(58.1%) compared to diffuse type(28.6%), poorly differentiated form(42.1%), early cancer(22.2%), but no difference according to age, sex, lymphatic metastasis and signet ring cell within tumor. 3) P-glycoprotein revealed higher positive rate in interstinal type(54.6%), differentiated form(61.9%), advanced form(58.1%), absence of signet ring cell (63.3%) compared to diffuse type (28.6%), poorly differentiated form (36.8%), early cancer(33.3%), presence of signet ring cell(20.0%), but no difference according to sex, age, lymphatic metastasis. 4) Positive rate in intestinal type, differentiated form, advanced form, and presence of signet ring cells in gastric adenocarcinoma showing both positive reaction of p53 and P-glycoprotein, are higher, but no difference according to age, sex, lymphatic metastasis. 5) In noneoplastic mucosa adjacent to cancer, p53 revealed negative reaction in all cases. P-glycoprotein showed positive reaction in all metaplastic glands 33 cases and parietal cells 17 cases, and in 16 cases(40%) of 40 cases of luminal surface and gastric glandular epthelium, and showed negative reaction in all 12 cases of chief cell. Above results revealed that positive rates of p53 and P-glycoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma are almost same and there is no relationships between both antigens. Both antigens showed simillar high positive rate in intestinal type, differentiated form and advanced form, indicating association with these clinicopathologic findings.