POSITIVELY EXPANSIVE ENDOMORPHISMS ON SUBSHIFTS OF FINITE TYPE

Kim, Young-One,Lee, Jung-Seob Korean Mathematical Society 1997 대한수학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

It is shown that if S is a positively expansive endomorphism on a one-sided mixing SFT (X,T), then (X,S) is conjugate to a one-sided mixing SFT, and the Parry measures of (X,T) and (X,S) are identical.

간아세포종 환아의 임상적 특성과 예후

김민영,김대연,안효섭,김종재,김인원,정성은,이성철,박귀원,김우기,Kim, Min-Young,Kim, Dae-Yeon,Ahn, Hyo-Seep,Kim, Chong-Jai,Kim, In-One,Jung, Sung-Eun,Lee, Seong-Cheol,Park, Kwi-Won,Kim, Woo-Ki 대한소아외과학회 1997 소아외과 Vol.3 No.2

Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric malignancy which frequently presents at an advanced un resectable stage. With the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, improved resectability and survival have been reported. Twenty children with biopsy proven hepatoblastoma were treated during the period between January 1987 and June 1995. Median age at diagnosis was 13 months(2 months to 7 year and 10 months), and 13 were male. Histologic profile was 13 epithelial(5 fetal, 4 mixed, 1 embryonal, 3 undetermined), and 5 mixed mesenchymal and epithelial and 2 of undetermined type. Chemotherapy effectively reduced the tumor volume($p$=0.008), and was able to convert 7 out of 9 initially unresectable cases(78%) to resectable ones. Twelve radical and 2 palliative operations were done with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. The Median follow up period was 33 months and the median survival was 26 months. The group with curative resection had a 61.1% 5 year survival rate, but none of palliative resection group survived more than 13 months($p$=0.0001). In univariate analysis for prognostic factors revealed, large tumor size at diagnosis and abscence of thrombocytopenia were associated with poor survival, but these differences were not statistically significant. Histological pure fetal type did not mean a better prognosis. Even with a recent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the strategy should be focused on the radical resection as early as possible.

Effects of Different Knee Flexion Angles According to Three Positions on Abdominal and Pelvic Muscle Activity During Supine Bridging

One-bin Lim,Ki-song Kim 한국전문물리치료학회 2013 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study analyzes how different knee flexion angles affect the abdominal and pelvic muscle activity during supine bridging. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the study. We used surface electromyography (EMG) to measure how three different knee flexion angles (100°, 70°, and 40°) affected the activity of the transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), external oblique (EO), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles on the dominant side during supine bridging. The one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance of TrA/IO, EO, BF, RF and GM muscle activity and the GM/BF activity ratio. For the TrA/IO, EO, BF, and GM muscles, supine bridging with different knee flexion angles resulted in significant differences in abdominal and pelvic muscle activity. For the TrA/IO muscles, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at 40° compared to 70°; however, there were no significant differences between 100° and 70° or 100° and 40°. For the EO muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at 40° compared to 100° and 70°; no significant difference was observed between angles 100° and 70°. For the BF muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle (40°>70°>100°). For the GM muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle (100°>70°>40°). However, for the RF muscle, there was no significant difference. Additionally, the GM/BF activity ratio significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle (100°>70°>40°). From these results, we can conclude that bridging with a knee flexion of 100° can strengthen the GM muscle, whereas bridging with a knee flexion of 40° is recommended to strengthen the IO, EO, and BF muscles. We can also conclude that knee flexion angles should be modified during supine bridging to increase the muscle activity of different target muscles.

김정은 체제 외교정책변화의 결정요인 분석: 대북제재와 국내정치 동학

조현용 ( Jo Hyun-yong ),정기원 ( Jung Key-one ),김용호 ( Kim Yong-ho ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2019 국방연구 Vol.62 No.4

이 글은 2018년 정상회담을 계기로 나타난 김정은 외교정책 변화의 결정요인을 분석하고 있다. 보다 구체적으로 북한 외교정책의 변화를 대내외 변화에 대한 정치적 동학을 통해 규명함으로써 북한의 대내정치 과정에서 파생되는 정치변수들에 대한 분석 역시 한반도 비핵화를 둘러싼 국제정치적 동학 못지않게 중요한 작용을 하고 있음을 주장하고 있다. 독재체제의 정권유지와 경제발전에 대한 정치경제이론을 적용하여 이념 중립적 시각에서 정책변화의 동인을 추적하였으며 기존연구들이 간과해 온 국제환경과 국내정치 간의 상호작용 동학에 의한 변화라는 대안적 분석틀을 제시했다. 이 과정을 통해 도출된 외교정책변화의 핵심변수는 대외요인으로 ‘자원권력’, 국내정치요인으로 지도자의 ‘정치적 생존’과 ‘정치체제’로 나타났다. 김정은 정권의 외교정책변화는 경제제재에 의한 북중무역의 붕괴로 촉발된 것으로 분석되며, 내부적으로 지배연합에 대한 통제력 강화, 군부의 정치 영향력 축소, 제도적으로 당-국가체제 확립을 통한 국내정치적 필요라는 변수가 작용한 것으로 분석됐다. The article analyzes the determinants of North Korean foreign policy in the wake of the 2018 summit. The paper argues that his new foreign policy initiative was motivated by his perceived shortage in his co-optation resources resulted from Chinese active participation on international sanction. In particular, Chinese participation in the ban of coal export triggered his policy changes because North Korea’s export of coal has served as the key source of North Korea’s co-optation resource to maintain Kim’s political survival. In so doing, the paper focuses on the interaction between international environment and domestic politics, which previous studies have overlooked. This paper also identifies key variables of North Korea’s foreign policy changes, “resource power” as external factors, and the leader's “political survival” as domestic variable.

Biomechanical Effectiveness of the Low-Dye Taping on Peak Plantar Pressure During Treadmill Walking Exercise in Subjects With Flexible Flatfoot

( One Bin Lim ),( Jeong Ah Kim ),( Oh Yun Kwon ),( Chung Hwi Yi ) 한국전문물리치료학회 2015 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effects of low-dye taping on peak plantar pressure following treadmill walking exercise, 2) to determine whether the biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in peak plantar pressure was still maintained following removal of the tape during treadmill walking, and 3) to determine the trend towards a medial-to-lateral shift in peak plantar pressure in the midfoot region before and after application of low-dye taping. Twenty subjects with flexible flatfoot were recruited using a navicular drop test. The peak plantar pressure data were recorded during five treadmill walking sessions: (1) un-taped, (2) baseline-taped, (3) after a 10-minute treadmill walking exercise, (4) after a 20-minute treadmill walking exercise, and (5) after removal of the taping. The foot was divided into six parts during the data analysis. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to investigate peak plantar pressure variations in the six foot parts in the five sessions. This study resulted in significantly increased medial forefoot peak plantar pressure compared to the un-taped condition (p=.017, post 10-minute treadmill walking exercise) and (p=.021, post 20-minute treadmill walking exercise). The peak plantar pressure in the lateral forefoot showed that there was a significant decrease after sessions of baseline-taped (p=.006) and 10-minute of treadmill walking exercise (p=.46) compared to the un-taped condition. The tape removal values were similar to the un-taped values in the five sessions. Thus, the findings of the current study may be helpful when researchers and clinicians estimate single taping effects or consider how frequently taping should be replaced for therapeutic purposes. Further studies are required to investigate the evidence in support of biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in the midfoot region.

중소기업과 대학 간 문제해결형 산학협력협의회 모델 사례 연구

김창완 ( Chang One Kim ),손성문 ( Seong Mun Son ) 한국중소기업학회 2014 中小企業硏究 Vol.36 No.2

지역 중소기업이 가진 혁신의 한계를 극복하기 위한 파트너로써 대학의 역할이 확대되고 있으며 대학은 다양한 방법으로 중소기업과의 협력을 추진하고 있다. 산학협력의 출발점으로 유사분야에서 사업을 진행하고 있는 중소기업 CEO가 전문성을 가진 대학 교수를 중심으로 모임을 통해 정보교류 및 친목 등을 진행하는 산학협력협의회가 기반을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 산학협력협의회에 대한 선행연구들은 구성방식과 성과에 대부분 할애하고 있어 실제 효용성에 대해서는 접근하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역 기반의 중소기업과 대학이 연계를 강화할 수 있는 산학협력협의회기반의 산학협력 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 산학협력협의회를 지역산업분야별로 대표자를 구성하여 교수가 기술전문가로 참여하여 운영하는 기술자문형 모델과 교수가 퍼실리테이터 역할을 하는 문제해결형 모델로 구분하고 운영상의 차이점과 성과에 대한 리뷰를 시도하였으며 문제해결형 모델이 다양한 영역에서 중소기업과의 산학협력성과를 촉진할 가능성을 제시하였다. The role of regional universities has been increased as the partners for SMEs to overcome the limit of innovation. SMEs have been trying to collaborate with universities by participating in the IUC council in which SMEs with similar business area share their information coordinated by professors. As prior studies have focused on the importance and the output of IUC councils, they have little information about the effectiveness of the process. This study proposes the IUC council model with which collaborations between universities and SMEs could be tightened. We identified two types of IUC councils according to their purposes-technology-counselling and problem-solving with a facilitator and tried to find the differences on the process and the output. This study suggests that problem-solving IUC council may provide more effective ways for universities to collaborate with SMEs than technologycounselling ones. Therefore, this result highlights the possibility of improving the process and the output of IUC councils by adopting a facilitator with a problem-solving process.

반복적인 무호흡 잠수 시 항산화 반응의 변화

문황운(Moon, Hwang-Woon),최윤진(Choi, Youn-Jin),김정원(Kim, Jeong-Weon),김제원(Kim, Ze-One) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

This study is about changes in antioxidant response during repeated apnea diving. The subjects are 16 male university students. The method is to measure MDA, SOD, red blood cell, lactic acid, blood suger, blood and heart rate at rest, after 5, 10, 15 and 20 times of repeated apnea diving in 5M diving pool. One-way ANOVA with repeated measure was performed to verify the difference in the mean between periods, and the LSD method was performed for post-hoc testing if there was any significance between groups. the statistical significance level was set as α=.05. As a result, there were significant differences in white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood glucose, lactic acid, and heart rate changes according to the number of times and time, but there were no changes in MDA and SOD. This showed that the intensity of apnea diving was low in male college students and there was no significant difference due to physical adaptation. Therefore, in future studies, in-depth studies of various variables appearing during apnea diving in various environments and conditions are required.

Application of Vendor-Neutral Iterative Reconstruction Technique to Pediatric Abdominal Computed Tomography

Woo Hyeon Lim,Young Hun Choi,Ji Eun Park,Yeon Jin Cho,이승현,Jung-Eun Cheon,Woo Sun Kim,In-One Kim,Jong Hyo Kim 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.9

ObjectiveTo compare image qualities between vendor-neutral and vendor-specific hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) in young patients. Materials and MethodsIn phantom study, we used an anthropomorphic pediatric phantom, age-equivalent to 5-year-old, and reconstructed CT data using traditional filtered back projection (FBP), vendor-specific and vendor-neutral IR techniques (ClariCT; ClariPI) in various radiation doses. Noise, low-contrast detectability and subjective spatial resolution were compared between FBP, vendor-specific (i.e., iDose1 to 5; Philips Healthcare), and vendor-neutral (i.e., ClariCT1 to 5) IR techniques in phantom. In 43 patients (median, 14 years; age range 1–19 years), noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and qualitative image quality scores of abdominopelvic CT were compared between FBP, iDose level 4 (iDose4), and ClariCT level 2 (ClariCT2), which showed most similar image quality to clinically used vendor-specific IR images (i.e., iDose4) in phantom study. Noise, CNR, and qualitative imaging scores were compared using one-way repeated measure analysis of variance. ResultsIn phantom study, ClariCT2 showed noise level similar to iDose4 (14.68–7.66 Hounsfield unit [HU] vs. 14.78–6.99 HU at CT dose index volume range of 0.8–3.8 mGy). Subjective low-contrast detectability and spatial resolution were similar between ClariCT2 and iDose4. In clinical study, ClariCT2 was equivalent to iDose4 for noise (14.26–17.33 vs. 16.01–18.90) and CNR (3.55–5.24 vs. 3.20–4.60) (p > 0.05). For qualitative imaging scores, the overall image quality ([reader 1, reader 2]; 2.74 vs. 2.07, 3.02 vs. 2.28) and noise (2.88 vs. 2.23, 2.93 vs. 2.33) of ClariCT2 were superior to those of FBP (p < 0.05), and not different from those of iDose4 (2.74 vs. 2.72, 3.02 vs. 2.98; 2.88 vs. 2.77, 2.93 vs. 2.86) (p > 0.05). ConclusionVendor-neutral IR technique shows image quality similar to that of clinically used vendor-specific hybrid IR technique for abdominopelvic CT in young patients.

한약재로부터 대장균 O-157에 대한 항균물질의 검색

김윤진,최원균,조재선 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.19 No.-

한약 처방 76종과 58종의 약재로 각 균주에 대한 항미생물 활성을 디스크 확산법으로 검색한 겨로가 처방에서는 삼소음과 주중황연탕이, 한약재에서는 소목과 황연이 열수와 메탄올 추출물이 모든 균주에 대해 항균 활성이 강한 것으로 검색되었다. 한약처방 76종에서 각 균주에 대해 항균활성이 강한 삼소음과 주증황연탕 추출물의 최소억제농도 실험 결과 삼소음 메탄올 추출물의 최소억제농도는 S. aureus 균주가 0.07 ㎎/㎖로 가장 낮게 나타났고, S. sonnel, S. flexnery, S. typhi는 0.31 ㎎/㎖를 나타냈으며, E. coli O157(V1+V2)와 E. coli O-157(none)에서는 각각 2.5 ㎎/㎖, 1.25 ㎎/㎖로 나타냈다. 주증황연탕 추출물의 최소억제농도는 S. aureus에서 0.01 ㎎/㎖로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, S. sonnei, S. flexnery, S. typhi에서는 각각 0.15 ㎎/㎖, 0.07 ㎎/㎖, 0.31 ㎎/㎖를 보였으며, E. coli O-157(V1+V2)과 E. coli O-157(none)은 5.0 ㎎/㎖를 나타냈다. 장내 세균에 대한 58종의 최소억제농도 실험 결과 이중 가장 높은 항균 활성을 타나낸 것은 소목 추출물로 최소억제농도는 E. coli O157(V1+V2)와 E. coli O157(none)에서 1.25 ㎎/㎖, S. aureus와 S. flexnery에서는 각각 0.39 ㎎/㎖, 0.078 ㎎/㎖를 보였으며, S. sonnei와 S. typhi는 0.15 ㎎/㎖를 나타내었다. This study was conducted for screening of antimicrobial compounds from 76 tradihonal prescriptions and 58 medicmal herbs. Among the prescriptions methanol and hot water extracts of Samsou˘m, Chujunghwang-yon'tang, and Sashinhwan showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Chujunghwang-yont'ang showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Among the medicmal herbs, hot water and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia Sappan, and Coptis chiriensis showed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli 0157, Staphylococcus nureus, Shigella flexnery, Shigella. sonnet, Salmonella. typhi. Prescription such as Samsou˘m, Chujunghwang-yont'ang, and Sashinhwan were also interesting because both methanol and water extracts were active. Chujunghwang-yont'ang showed the most strong antimicrobial activies for the microoganisms tested. Water and methanol extracts of Terminalla chebuln, Caesalpinia Sappan, and Coptis chmensu showed the highest mhibitory effects on the growth of all bacteria tested.

국내산 식물의 항균활성 검색

최원균,김용성,조규성,성창근 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

한국에서 자생하는 125종의 식물에서 추출한 141가지 메탄올 추출물들에서 식품부패미생물인 Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes 그리고 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대한 항균 활성도를 조사하였다. Bacillus subtillis에 대해 가장 강한 항균력을 보인 것은 오미자였으며 staphylococcus aureus 에 대해서 대황이, Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대해서는 산사가 가장 강한 항균력을 나타냈다. 금은화는 Bacillus subtilis를, 산사는 Stophylococcus aureus를, 모과와 황금은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa를, 모감주나무꽃, 밤나무꽃, 장미꽃과 파꽃은 Enterobacter aerogenes를, 오미자는 Escherichia coli를 제외한 나머지 4가지 균주에 모두 항균력이 있었다 141 methanol extracts from 125 plant species which populate in Korea were screened for antimicrobial activity against various food-borne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Those plants were selected from 3 different plant groups : traditional herbs, edible plants and flowers. The methanol extracts were tested by using the disk diffusion assay against five bacteria : Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli. From the evaluation of the inhibition zone diameter of microbial growth, the most significant antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli was observed from the extract of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill., Rheum officinale Baill., Schizandra chinesis (Turcz) Baill., Koelreuteria paniculata Lax and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, respectively. The extract from many plants - Koelreuteria paniculata Lax, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Scutellaria bacicalensis Georgi, Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc., Rosa centifolia L;, Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Schizandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill., Lonicera japonica - showed antimicrobial activity all four tested bacteria.