Low serum bilirubin level predicts the develop-ment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

( Kang Hee Ahn ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Won Jin Kim ),( Jong Ho Kim ),( Yun Jeong Nam ),( Su Bin Park ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( In Joo Kim ),( Yong Ki Kim ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5

Background/Aims: We evaluated whether serum bilirubin levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM). Methods: This was a retrospective observational longitudinal study of patients presenting at the Pusan National University Hospital. A total of₃₄₉ patients with T₂DM and preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were enrolled. The main outcome was the development of CKD stage 3 or greater. The patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the total serum bilirubin levels at baseline. Results: The group with the lowest range of total serum bilirubin level (Q₁) showed the highest cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3 or greater than that of the other lower quartiles (Q₁ vs. Q₄; hazard ratio [HR], 6.75; 95% confidence in-terval [CI], 1.54 to 29.47; p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the second lowest quartile of the serum bili-rubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q₂ vs. Q₄; HR, 9.36; 95% CI, 1.33 to 65.73; p = 0.024). In the normoalbuminuria subgroup (n = 236), multivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the lowest quartile of the serum bilirubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q1 vs. Q4; HR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.24 to 35.82; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Serum bilirubin might be an early clinical marker for predicting the progression of CKD in patients with T₂DM and preserved renal function.

하우스 장미 切花裁培 技術確立에 관한 硏究 : Ⅰ. 新稍生長 및 開花에 대한 溫度 輔光處理 果와 組織培養 技術을 利用한 幼苗 生産 The Effect of Temperature and Supplemental Lighting on Shoot Growth and Flowering of Rose and the Seedling Production used Tissue Culture Technique

蘇寅燮,權五均,玄海男,康勳,張田益 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1992 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.9 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州地域의 冬季 장미 切花裁培를 위한 技術開發의 側面에서 栽培的 品種選拔을 위하여 露地裁培에 대한 可能性을 檢定하며, 土壤과 비배관리를 위한 基礎資料와 組織培養技術을 利用한 優良苗生産技術을 確立하기 위하여 修行하였던바 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같다. 晝夜間의 溫度變化가 심한 環境下에서도 잘適應했던 品種은 'Innocencia'와 'Madelon'이었다. 화경장은 無加溫 비닐하우스가 加溫 유리온실보다 좋았으며, 切花量은 약간 적었지만 濟州道의 西歸浦 地域에서 장미의 冬季 生産을 위한 無加溫 비닐하우스 栽培도 可能한 것으로 나타났다. 加溫과 輔光處理는 開花日數를 10-15일 가량 앞당겼으며 花質과 採花量도 向上시켰지만, 經濟的인 側面에서 볼 때 비닐하우스 無加溫 栽培도 비교적 良好한 結果를 보였다. 共試品種中 無加溫 비닐하우스 輔光栽培에 適合한 轢으로는 'Lorena', 'Dallas', 'Golden Madelion', 그리고 'Carl-red'等 이었다. 장미재배 土壤의 物理性은 孔隙率이 크기 때문에 배수성과 통기성이 장미재배에 적절하였으며, 재배 기간동안 유리온실 토양의 pH, 置換性 Ca, Mg 및 K, 有效燐酸의 함량은 비닐과 露土 토양에 비하여 높게 유지되었다. 不定芽 發生에 대한 基本 배지로는 MS배지 보다 WPM배지가 共試된 品種 모두 월등한 結果를 보였다. 生長點 培養時 0.1-1.0mg/l의 NAA와 2.5-5.0mg/l의 BA 混用處理가 苗의 生産과 生體重 向上에 좋은 結果를 나타냈다. 幼苗의 發根과 根數, 根長 그리고 活着率 모두 1㎖/l IBA處理보다 活性炭 2g/l添加 處理에서 良好하였다. The purpose of this study is to extract useful information for selecting a suitable variety of cultivation for cut flowers of rose. To meet this purpose three different ways of cultivation, such as non-heated and heated cultivations in vinyl house, and outdoor cultivation, were tested in terms of developing cultivation technique for cut flowers of rose during winter period in Cheju island. In addition, the research attempts to obtain basic idea for soil and culture condition and to develop production technique for a superior plantlet by using the technique of tissue culture. After analyzing the results we have reached the following conclusions: 1. 'Inocenia' and 'Madelon' were the most adaptable varieties under the wide temperture changes during day and night. 2. For the flower stem length, the non-heated vinyl house was preferred to the heated glasshouse. 3. It was found that the non-heated vinyl house is possible during winter period in Seogwipo city area. 4. The treatments of heating and supplemental lighting allowed not only to push about 10 to 15 days ahead of the flowering time but also to improve the quality and the amount of flowers. In terms of the economy, however, the treatments of non-heating and supplemental lighting might be preferrable to the one just described. 5. Among the tested cultivars, 'Lorena', 'Madelon', 'Dallas', 'Golden Madelion' and 'Carl-red' were suitable for the cultivation of non-heating and supplemental lighting. 6. Physical properties of the soil in the treatments were suitable for house culture of cut-rose, and pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K and nitrate concentration of soil in glasshouse were higher than vinylhouse and open field. 7. The results from the test of basic media about the generation of adventitious rooting showed that the WPM medium is better than the MS medium for tested six cultivars. 8. It was identified that the application of 0.1-1.0 mg/l NAA and 2.5-5.0 mg/l BA at the time of meristem culture came out with likable outcomes for plantlet production and improvement of fresh weight. Treatment of 2 g/l activated charcoal is better than 1 mg/l IBA for rooting, root number, root length, and rooting percentage of a plantlet.

공군사관생도의 심폐능력에 따른 심리 · 생리요인 비교

김인기(In-ki Kim),김건희(Gun-hee Kim),송성우(Sung-woo Song),최가람(Ga-ram Choi),엄장원(Jang-won Eom),곽재준(Jae-jun Kwak),유영남(Young-nam You),정덕화(Deok-hwa Jeong),강지훈(Ji-hun Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2019 한국군사학논집 Vol.75 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in psychological and physiological factors between groups by classifying groups based on the 3km running record of fourth grade Air Force Academy cadets. Among the top 46 Air Force Academy cadets who wanted to participate in the study, the study conducted an open survey of the top 13 and the bottom 15 who wanted to provide the data prior to the study. The subjects of the experiment and in-depth interview were studied by a total of 18 people, 9 of each upper and lower members who wished to participate in the study. Psychological factors were structured through inductive content analysis of data extracted from in-depth interviews, and physiological factors were conducted to verify differences between groups of body composition and cardiopulmonary function. The psychological factors of the upper and lower groups were found to be general areas of performance strategy, achievement motivation, emotional response, military spirit, situation perception, and basic physical strength. In the detailed areas, the subjects were also examined in 15 areas including physical fitness indicators, confidence, condition control, task orientation, and positive self-perception. As a result of comparison between upper and lower groups, the upper group was 2.2 times higher than the lower group and the lower group was 1.7 times higher than the upper group in the military spirit and performance strategy of the general area response rate. In general area response, the ratio of mental strength and confidence was different in the general area of military spirit. In addition, the upper group in the achievement motivation showed a high percentage of task tendency at 47%, while the lower group showed a high rate of zero motivation at 50%. In the emotional response, the upper group showed an equal ratio, while the lower group showed an 81% ratio of negative emotions. In the overall response by sub-region, the negative emotions of the subgroup were high at 28%. In the body composition, BFM showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and Weight, FFM, and SMM did not show any significant difference between groups. In cardiopulmonary capacity, VO2max showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and VE and LT did not show significant differences between groups.

S-244 : Long Term Prognostic Value of HbA1C in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without Known Diabetes

( Il Hyung Jung ),( Chung Kang ),( Dong In Nam ),( Sang Cheol Cho ),( Wan Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Background: The prognostic role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in non-diabetic (non-DM) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still controversial. We evaluated the prognostic role of HbA1C in AMI patients without previously known diabetes. Methods: From January 2008 to August 2011, 3,292 in AMI patients with non-DM [65.6±13.1 years, 2,460 men (74.8%)] who underwent laboratory testing of HbA1C were enrolled retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups by HbA1C [Group 1 ≤ 6.5%, n=2,864 (87%); Group 2 > 6.5%, n=428 (13%)]. The primary end point was composite major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including all cause death, cardiac death, re-MI, and revascularization of target or non-target vessel during 12 months follow up. Results: Patients of in-hospital all cause death and cardiac death were 202 [169 (6.0%) vs. 33 (6.8%), p>0.05) and 145 [124 (4.4%) vs. 21 (4.3%), p>0.05], respectively. BMI (24.0±3.1 vs. 24.9±3.6), blood glucose (145±55 vs. 207±90 mg/dL), total cholesterol (184±44 vs. 196±47 mg/dL), triglyceride (121±88 vs. 157±118 mg/dL), LDL (118±39 vs. 127±41 mg/dL) and hs-CRP (5.35±20.3 vs. 8.76±34.9 mg/dL) were higher and HDL (44.4±14.7 vs. 42.2±11.7 mg/dL) was lower in group 2 (p of all variables < 0.01). The incidence of hyperlipidemia (9.2% vs. 12.4%, p=0.036), obesity (BMI ≥ 30, 3.3% vs. 8.2%, p<0.01), current smoker (44.7% vs. 50.2%, p=0.032), and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction<40%, 11.3% vs. 15.4%, p=0.021) were more frequent in group 2. There were no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 12 months. In subgroup analysis (group 1 was divided by 5.5% of HbA1C), there were no significant difference in short and long term clinical outcomes. Old Age (age ≥ 65 years), high Killip class (III & IV), LV dysfunction, and renal insufficiency (GFR <60 mL/min) were independent predictors of 12 months composite MACEs. Conclusion: Korean AMI patients with non-DM and HbA1C > 6.5% were not associated with worse outcomes during 12 months follow up.

초등학교 과학과 에너지영역의 STS 내용 변천

서승조,조태호,백남권,김성규,박강은,정인재 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2001 科學敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.-

This research compared and analyzed the content ratio of the STS (Science-Technology-Society) Education and subjects and types of learning activities to determine the characteristics of STS education in science classes of elementary schools. In the 5th curriculum, the STS-related content on energy section took up 6.6% , in the 6th curriculum, compared with that of the 5th, the STS content ratio on the energy section increased 7.9% and the STS content on the energy section in the 7th curriculum showed an increased 20.8% proportion. Comparing the main subjects of the STS in the energy section for the science class according to curriculum in the 5th, they obviously have influenced technological development, energy, the development of space studies, and sociology of science, in that order. In the 6th curriculum. compared with that of the 5th, the energy section decreased and the sociology of science increased much. There were no significant changes in other subjects. In the 7th, the STS elements were distributed evenly but the extent of the STS main subjects reduced compared to that of the 6th. The STS education activities represented in science textbooks of elementary schools were mainly executed through discussion, research activities, and actual activities. Other activities such as role-playing, simulation tests, problem solving and decision making, data analysis, research design, case studies, etc. were hardly made.

대도시 지역주민의 흡연실태와 관련요인 분석

김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.

Passive 스타 구조를 갖는 고속 광 ATM 망에서의 채널 할당 알고리즘

이남재,강인곤,이팔진,金永川 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

In single hop lightwave networks, the system performance using ALOHA-based protocols depends on the number of minislots in a data transmission frame. But, in the case of adopting this protocol to ATM, the multi-control channels are required in order to improve the system performance because the size of cell is fixed and short. In this paper, we propose a dynamic channel allocation algorithm with two-control channels. This algorithm dynamically alloctes channel for prioritized traffic in high-speed optical ATM networks. In order to evalute the performance of proposed algorithm, we simulate in terms of per channel throughput, cell loss rate. and cell delay with variations in offered load.

다시마 푸코이단추출물과 지질대사의 연관성

강금석,남천석,김인덕,권륜희,이동찬,허예영,하배진 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan extract (LJFE) on the biochemical parameters of lipid-related function were investigated in liver and serum of CCl_(4)-treated rats. LJFE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 14 days. On the day 15, 3.3 ml/kg of CCl_(4) dissolved in olive oil (1:1) was injected 12 hours before anesthetization. We examined the lipid-related functions and enzyme activitys by measuring the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. The results showed that CCl_(4) treatment increased the high values of TG, LDH and ALP decreased the low values of TC but LJFE pretreatment decreased the high values of TG, LDH and ALP to the low values, increased the TC. It was suggested that LJFE can be used as the potential candidate for the lipid-metabolism natural supplement.

치근 천공 치료 재료의 생체친화성의 비교

강민경,배인호,고정태,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

This study was carried out in order to determine in vitro biocompatibility of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and to compare it with that of the commonly used materials, i. e. calcium hydroxide liner(Dycal), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and Portland cement which has a similar composition of MTA. To assess the biocompatibility of each material, cytotoxicity was examined using MG-63 cells. The degree of cytotoxicity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a colorimetric method, based on reduction of the tetrazolium salt 2,3 bis {2methoxy 4nitro 5〔(sulfenylamino) carbonyl〕2H tetrazolium hydroxide} (XTT) assay. The results of SEM revealed the cells in contact with GIC, MTA, and Portland cement at 1 and 3 days were apparently healthy. In contrast, cells in the presence of Dycal appeared rounded and detached. In XTT assay, the cellular activities of the cells incubated with all the test materials except Dycal were similar, which corresponded with the SEM observation. The present study supports the view that MTA is a very biocompatible root perforation repair material. It also suggests that cellular response of Portland cement and GIC are very similar to that of MTA. 이번 연구는 치근 천공의 치료 재료인 white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)를 흔히 사용되는 calcium hydroxideliner(Dycal^(R), glass ionomer cement (GIC), 그리고 MTA와 유사한 성분을 가진 Portland cement와 세포독성 실험으로 생체 친화성을 평가하는 것이다. 세포독성의 정도는 MG-63 세포를 이용해 주사전자 현미경적 관찰과 수용성 tetrazolium salt를 이용한 흡광도를 측정 (XTT assay)하여 평가하였다. SEM 관찰에서, 1일과 3일째 모두에서 GIC와 MTA, Portland cement표면에서는 잘 부착된 세포를 보여주었다. 반면에, Dycal 표면의 세포들은 둥글고 부착되지 않은 양상을 보여주었다. XTT assay에서는 Dycal을 제외한 모든 재료에서 유사하게 높은 세포 활성도를 보여주었으며, 이는 SEM 관찰 소견과 일치하였다. 이번 연구는 MTA가 생체친화적인 재료라는 견해를 뒷받침한다. 또한 Portland cement와 GIC에서도 MTA와 유사한 세포반응을 보여주었다.

The Identification of Binding Mode for Arabidopsis thaliana 7-Keto-8-aminopelargonic Acid Synthase (AtKAPAS) Inhibitors

Cho, Jae-Eun,Kang, Sun-Young,Choi, Jung-Sup,Ko, Young-Kwan,Hwang, In-Taek,Kang, Nam-Sook Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.5

In this study, we determined the 3D-structure of Arabidopsis thaliana KAPAS by homology modeling. We then investigated the binding mode of compounds obtained from in-house library using computational docking methods. From the flexible docking study, we achieved high dock scores for the active compounds denoted in this study as compound $\mathbf{3}$ and compound $\mathbf{4}$. Thus, we highlight the flexibility of specific residues, Lys 312 and Phe 172, when used in active sites.