Null Subject in Obligatory Control

Ji-Young Shim 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.4

Shim, Ji-Young. 2014. Null Subject in Obligatory Control. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 39-4, 851-877. This article concerns the nature of the empty category in Korean obligatory control (OC) in comparison with OC null subject in English. It demonstrates that the syntactic distribution of the null subject in Korean OC is not the same as that of the null subject in English OC, with respect to standard diagnostics for OC PRO, such as uniqueness of the overt antecedent, locality, and c-command. The variation in the null subject in Korean OC poses several problems to purely structural approaches, such as the Movement Theory of Control (e.g., Hornstein 1999) and the PRO analysis of Control (e.g., Landau 2000). Alternatively, this paper proposes that Korean OC null subjects are a subclass of pro with specific restrictions on occurrence, based on the fact that the syntactic distribution of OC null subjects is indistinguishable from that of null and overt reflexive and pronoun subjects in a non-control complement clause; moreover, the OC effect is created not by a distinct structure, but by an intricate array of heterogeneous factors, such as morphological cues, the semantics of a verb and certain discourse conditions. Adopting recently developed discussions on null subject (cf. Holmberg et al. 2009; Phimsawat 2011; Holmberg & Robert 2013), this paper attempts to offer a unified analysis of different types of Korean null subject by reducing OC null subject to the very same empty category, pro. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

의복구성을 위한 상반신 계측방법에 관한 연구

심규남,오지영 목포대학교 생활과학연구소 1998 생활과학논집 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to provide the fundamental data for efficient upper body measurements. The subjects were clothing and textiles students age 20 to 21, and the subjects were measured by Martin method and sliding gauge method. Measurer is classify a beginner and veteran. t-test is used for measurement difference of a beginner and a veteran. The results obtained from this study were as follow : On the comparison of the measurement a beginner and a veteran, a beginner were bigger than a veteran. The rest method exclude Martin method was found that difference of breadth item and depth item. It is necessary to training so that decrease measurement difference ; This reason was unskilled to establish a base point and line of a beginner, maintain horrizontal and verical of sliding gauge.

물의 종류를 달리한 동치미의 경도 변화 및 세포벽 관찰

심영현,안기정,김지은 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of hardness and microstructure of Dongchimi cooked with various source of water(distilled water, purified water, Cho Jung Carbonated Natureal water). This study was conducted to observe the change of pH, total acidity, salt content, turbidity, texture and microstructure. Dongchimi cooked with source of water of water was fermented at 10℃ for 46 days. The changes of pH on Dongchimi cooked with various source of water decreased in all samples during fermentation period, and then showed a slowly decrease after 12 days of fermentation. The total acidity of Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was arrived slowly at best tasting condition 0.3~0.4 point compared with other conditions. So Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was continued to the best tasting condition for end of fermentation. At early stage of fermentation, the changes of turbidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed highly as compared with other test condition for 12th days of fermentation. The maximum cutting force of chinese radish of Dongchimi showed the highest value among all at the 25th day of ripening and then decreased gradually. The maximum cutting force of chinese radish of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was the highest compared with other conditions at 25th day of fermentation. The calcium content of Dongchimi juice used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was observed high at the early stage of fermentation and showed the highest value at 25th day of ripening. The calcium content of chinese radish and Dongchimi juice of Dongchimi cooked with water purifier was lower than that of Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water, and was higher than that of Dongchimi cooked with Distilled water at the early stage of fermentation. The magnesium content in all samples increased gradually from the early stage of fermentation. The microstructure showed disintegration appearance of middle lamella and cell wall during fermentation period.

개에서 발생한 폐수종의 치료 증례

김유수,심재현,김건우,김지용,이병희,송근호,이영원,김덕환 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 9 months intact male American bull dog with chief complaints of dry cough, dyspnea and fever was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. Based on the findings of physical examination, radiological examination, and blood and blood chemical examinations, the present patient was diagnosed into pulmonary edema secondary to primary bacterial and aspiration pneumonia. The patient was hospitalized and treated with buscopan, cephazolin and furosemide for 1 week. His activity and appetite was returned to normal and thoracic radiographs revealed that Jung was recovered to the normal condition after treatment for 7 days. The present patient was a case with pulmonary edema showed favorable therapeutic responses to proper medication.

치과용 저금합금의 열처리온도

김형일,장명익,심지영 大韓齒科器材學會 1995 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The proper temperatures of heat treatment in a commercial low-gold dental casting alloy were studied by means of DTA, hardness test, X-ray diffraction study. The results were as follows : 1) The effect of age-hardening was apparent at the higher solution-treatment temperature. 2) The stable phase was the co-existence of the Ag-rich α₁phase and the AuCu I ordered phase at the temperature of the effective age-hardening. 3) The suitable temperatures for the solution treatment and the aging were 800℃, 400℃, respectively.

점포내 VMD요소가 SPA 브랜드 정체성에 미치는 영향

김소영, 손지훈, 심효진, 신동훈, 정일호, 홍동우, 김은영 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2013 생활과학연구논총 Vol.17 No.2

This study was to examine the effect of VMD factors on brand identity for SPA brands. As brand stimulus, four SPA brands(e.g., Basic House, Codes combine, Uniqlo, Zara) were selected by pretest. For collecting data, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the literatures and intercept survey was conducted. A total 508 usable responses were obtained from consumers who shopped at the selected brands' stores. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis were used. As perceived by consumers, VMD consisted of seven factors: lightening, scent, color, layout, music, window display, and item presentation. The VMD factor was significantly related to brand identity for the SPA brands. Specifically, brand awareness was predicted by color, layout and item presentation; brand association strength was predicted by color, layout, and widow display; favorable brand association was predicted by item presentation; salience of brand association was predicted by color and music; and brand image association was predicted by color, layout, music, and item presentation. Thus, this study discussed a managerial implication for SPA retailers to develop a visual merchandising strategy in the competitive marketplace.

AZ91 합금융체내의 Fe 용해도

권순일,변지영,김선진,심재동 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Fe solubility in AZ91 alloy melts was measured by a new method designed for removal of Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions. In the AZ91 alloy melts, Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) precipitates were formed due to supersaturated Mn and Fe, but all precipitates were not settled down from the melts and hence part of them was included in the samples for measuring Fe solubility. This means that the solubility measured from these samples is higher than the true solubility. In the present study, it was shown that these Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions could be separated from the samples by the new method. As a result, the Fe solubility measured by the present method was lower than the previous solubility data. Amount of the unsettled Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions was estimated to be 59-148 ppm. It was also observed that Fe contents in Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) were varied with the Fe and Mn content in AZ91 alloy melts.

다공질규소의 표면물질이 EL특성에 미치는 영향

홍사용,박이준,심숙이,김영유,이춘우,류지욱 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 自然科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

p형 단결정 규소기판을 10% HF-에탄올 용액속에서 일정한 전류를 흘려 양극반응으로 다공질규소를 제작하였다. 제작한 다공질규소를 0.2M Na₂S0₄용액과 접촉시켜 2.4mA/㎠의 정전류를 흘려 양극산화시킬 때 나타나는 가시광 EL과 병행하여 FT-IR 흡수스펙트라를 조사하였다. 그 결과 양극산화에 의한 EL이 일어나기 전에는 표면에 높은 밀도의 ?? 존재하였으나 EL후에는 ??사라지고 Si-O-Si 결합이 나타났다. 이같은 결과로 EL은 다공질규소의 표면에 존재하는 수소화물이 다공질구조 내부로 전자를 주입하여 일어나는 것으로 해석되었다. Electroluminescence from p-type porous silicon prepared by anodic oxidation in 10% HF-ethanol solution for various oxidation times and current densities in Na₂S0₄aqueous solution was investigated galvanostatically. The time dependence of the integrated EL intensity had a good correlation with that of the amount of ?? species, which was determined by in situ reflection FT-IR, indicating that the surface ?? acts as an electron injector.

계지의 항염 효과에 관한 연구

박히준,이지숙,이재동,김남재,표지희,강전모,최일환,김수영,심범상,이제헌,임사비나 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objectives : Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR), the young twing of Cinnamomi loureirii nees, has been used for treating symptoms related to pain. rheumatic arthritis and inflammation in Korean herb medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR in vivo and in vitro. Methods : Extracts of CR were prepared and the chemical components of the extracts were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were administrated to the rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR. The expressions of nitric oxide (NO). prostaglandin E2(PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were also quantified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to survey the effect of CR in vitro. The main components were cinnamaldechyde and coumarin. Results : We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of the 80% ethanol extract of Cinnamomi Ramulus in vivo by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Maximum inhibition of 54.9% was noted at the dose of 1000㎎/㎏ after 2 hours of drug administration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and this showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions : The results showed that Cinnamomi Ramulus suppressed dose-dependently LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and also decreased iNOS protein expression. Cinnamomi Ramulus also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression.

고량강의 항염증 작용에 대한 연구

박히준,이제현,김수영,심범상,구헌종,강전모,최일환,이재동,김남재,이지숙,임사비나 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : The use of herbal therapy is becoming an increasingly attractive approach for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is popular in Aisa as a traditional herbal medicine. Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is a species of the ginger family(Zingiberacease). Method : This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract by the methods of "carrageenan induced paw edema" and "Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells". Result : We suggest that Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract decreased paw volume induced by plantar injection of carrageenan. Also Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract inhibited nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂production and induced nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion : This study shows that Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract seems to have anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E_(2) production and nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression.